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黑猩猩也有利他行为

人与自然 2008年第7期 22-22页

作者： Marina Krakovsky samir.S.Patel

一直以来，由于缺乏反证，大多数科学家认为利他主义是人类的专利。的确，其他灵长类动物也会互相装扮甚至分享食物，但是这种行为常常是与自私自利的动机联系在一起的——它们要么是血缘棚近的亲属，要么为的是即刻得到回报。不过，德... 详细信息

一直以来，由于缺乏反证，大多数科学家认为利他主义是人类的专利。的确，其他灵长类动物也会互相装扮甚至分享食物，但是这种行为常常是与自私自利的动机联系在一起的——它们要么是血缘棚近的亲属，要么为的是即刻得到回报。不过，德国马克斯普兰克进化人类学研究所的科学家们通过实验首次发现证据，证明黑猩猩无论是对于不相炎的同类还是人类，部具有天然的利他主义倾向。

关键词：利他行为黑猩猩利他主义灵长类动物人类学科学家研究所血缘

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小婴儿腰椎穿刺脑脊液参考值

中国循证儿科杂志 2019年第4期14卷 317-318页

作者： Joanna Thomson Heidi Sucharew Andrea T. Cruz Lise E. Nigrovic MD, MPH Stephen B. Freedman Aris C. Garro Fran Balamuth Rakesh D. Mistry Joseph L. Arms Paul T. Ishimine Dina M. Kulik Mark I. Neuman samir.S. Shah 郑继翠(译) 李凯(校) Divisions of Hospital Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego and Rady Children's Hospital-San DiegoSan DiegoCalifornia University of Toronto TorontoCanada 不详 Biostatistics and Epidemiology and lInfectious DiseasesCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio Sections of Emergency Medicine and Infectious Diseases Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas Division of Emergency Medicine Boston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusetts Sections of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Gastroenterology Department of PediatricsAlberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteAlberta Children's HospitalCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada Warren Alpert Medical School Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode Island Perelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania School of Medicine University of ColoradoAuroraColorado Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota MinneapolisMinnesota

研究背景既往有关脑脊液(CSF)参考值的研究为单中心研究,且样本量较小,因此其应用价值有限。研究新知这项多中心横断面调查研究确定了不同日龄段婴儿的CSF参考值,并且提供了日龄相关CSF百分位参考曲线。

关键词：参考值脑脊液小婴儿腰椎穿刺横断面调查 CSF 样本量多中心

Status of serum vitamin D and neurological disorder in Nepalese population:a prospective study

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Life Research 2020年第4期3卷 148-157页

作者： Avinash Chandra Basant Pant Ayush Chandra Pooja Prakash Reema Rajbhandari Sharad Gajuryal Pranaya Shrestha samir.Acharya Pravesh Rajbhandari Resha Shrestha Annapurna Neurological Institute and Alied Scinces MaitigharKathmanduNepal Tianjin Medical University TianjinChina Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital PokharaNepal

Background:Recently,there has been a surge in research worldwide on vitamin *** on international level,Vit.D has shown positive correlation with cardio-cerebrovascular *** possible role of vitamin D there is paucity of research in low-and middle-income nations that are nearer to the equatorial *** of abundant sunlight exposure,Asian people are developing hypovitaminosis D need a special consideration to avoid excessive and unnecessary usage of *** study aims to detect the situation of vitamin D in Nepalese population and secondly to find out the suitable normalized reference range for serum vitamin D in multi-ethnic Nepalese ***:A hospital based prospective study was conducted using purposive sampling technique to select 107 ***-vivo and in vitro bio-physiological method was used to collect serum vitamin D ***:The present study showed that 32%of participants had deficit(30 ng/mL).Study showed that there is a lower degree of positive relationship of body mass index(r=0.162,P=0.094)and significant association of history of chronic illness(χ2=0.10,P=0.03),timing of occurrence of stroke(χ2=11.41,P=0.017)and diagnosis(χ2=21.19,P=0.011)with serum vitamin-D level at P<***:There is a direct significant association of serum vitamin D with socio-demographic variables when international unit is *** disorder showed positive association with serum vitamin D level.

关键词： Serum vitamin D Neurological disorder Deficiency Incidence

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我现在实在不能接电话

英国医学杂志中文版 2010年第6期13卷 371-371页

作者： samir.L Dawlatly Timothy J MeBride Vaikunthan Rajaratnam 孙薇(译) 不详北京大学人民医院党院办

您可能还记得手机没有这么普遍的那个年代，只有股票经济人和药品经销商觉得有必要经常用手机。戴着有色眼镜，我们怀念那个时代，那时你打电话给熟人，如果他（她）不能接听，你可以留言或过会儿再打给他。手机普遍了．但伴随而来的是... 详细信息

您可能还记得手机没有这么普遍的那个年代，只有股票经济人和药品经销商觉得有必要经常用手机。戴着有色眼镜，我们怀念那个时代，那时你打电话给熟人，如果他（她）不能接听，你可以留言或过会儿再打给他。手机普遍了．但伴随而来的是人们不可抑制地需要时时刻刻处于被联络的状态。

关键词：电话药品经销商有色眼镜手机经济人

Can short-term fasting protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity?

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2014年第3期5卷 269-274页

作者： Amie J Dirks-Naylor samir.A Kouzi Sendra Yang Ngan TK Tran Joseph D Bero Raean Mabolo Diep T Phan Stephanie D Whitt Heather N Taylor School of Pharmacy Wingate University

Doxorubicin(Dox) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of several types of cancer. However the use is limited by cardiotoxicity. Despite extensive investigation into the mechanisms of toxicity and preventative strategies, Dox-induced cardiotoxicity still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors. Thus, continued research into preventative strategies is vital. Short-term fasting has proven to be cardioprotective against a variety of insults. Despite the potential, only a few studies have been conducted investigating its ability to prevent Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. However, all show proof-of-principle that short-term fasting is cardioprotective against Dox. Fasting affects a plethora of cellular processes making it difficult to discern the mechanism(s) translating fasting to cardioprotection, but may involve suppression of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling with stimulated autophagy. It is likely that additional mechanisms also contribute. Importantly, the literature suggests that fasting may enhance the antitumor activity of Dox. Thus, fasting is a regimen that warrants further investigation as a potential strategy to prevent Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Future research should aim to determine the optimal regimen of fasting, confirmation that this regimen does not interfere with the antitumor properties of Dox, as well as the underlying mechanisms exerting the cardioprotective effects.

关键词： Fasting Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity Cardio-protection

超声引导下零切口分段法腔内激光闭合术治疗下肢浅静脉及交通静脉功能不全的临床研究

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血管与腔内血管外科杂志 2023年第10期9卷 1238-1241页

作者：陈金宏周步琴王彩霞鲁伟萨米尔•伊萨兰州新区第一人民医院普外二科甘肃兰州730300 兰州新区第一人民医院超声科甘肃兰州730300 兰州新区栖霞社区卫生服务中心甘肃兰州730300

目的探讨超声引导下零切口分段法静脉腔内激光闭合术治疗下肢浅静脉及交通静脉功能不全的临床疗效。方法收集2019年5月至2021年6月于兰州新区第一人民医院就诊的下肢浅静脉曲张、交通静脉功能不全、下肢皮肤色素沉着或皮肤溃疡形成患... 详细信息

目的探讨超声引导下零切口分段法静脉腔内激光闭合术治疗下肢浅静脉及交通静脉功能不全的临床疗效。方法收集2019年5月至2021年6月于兰州新区第一人民医院就诊的下肢浅静脉曲张、交通静脉功能不全、下肢皮肤色素沉着或皮肤溃疡形成患者的临床资料,行常规超声检查及单侧下肢病变静脉腔内激光闭合术,观察患者的临床疗效。结果共纳入135例患者,其中,30例肢体肿胀,20例小腿色素沉着,15例皮肤溃疡。经超声引导下零切口分段法腔内激光闭合术治疗后均未发生严重并发症。术后随访1年,治愈率为97.78%(132/135),3例复发患者再次行腔内激光闭合术后未复发。结论超声引导下零切口分段法静脉腔内激光闭合术治疗下肢浅静脉曲张及交通静脉扩张效果满意,治愈率高,复发率低,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。

关键词：零切口分段法腔内激光闭合术下肢静脉曲张

亚致死氧化胁迫锻炼对橄榄假丝酵母（Candida oleophila）抗氧化基因转录表达、抗逆性及生物防控的增效作用

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保鲜与加工 2013年第1期13卷 63-63页

作者： Jia Liu Michael Wisniewskil samir.Droby John Norelli Vera Hershkovitz Shiping Tian Robert Farrell US Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Kearneysville WV USA Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University-York York PA USA

采用5mmol／L浓度的H202对橄榄假丝酵母（Candida oleophila）预处理30min，结果表明，这种亚致死胁迫处理可增强橄榄假丝酵母对于之后的致死胁迫处理（50mmol／LH202，40℃，pH4）的耐受力。与对照相比，经亚致死胁迫处理的酵母菌对于... 详细信息

采用5mmol／L浓度的H202对橄榄假丝酵母（Candida oleophila）预处理30min，结果表明，这种亚致死胁迫处理可增强橄榄假丝酵母对于之后的致死胁迫处理（50mmol／LH202，40℃，pH4）的耐受力。与对照相比，经亚致死胁迫处理的酵母菌对于接种于苹果果实上的扩展青霉菌和灰霉菌具有更好的抑制活性，且在果实伤1：2处接种初期具有较快的生长繁殖速度。采用抑制性消减杂交技术研究了酵母菌在基因表达水平上对于亚致死氧化胁迫的响应,并利用半定量RT—PCR技术明确了其转录水平。结果表明，亚致死氧化处理使酵母菌中的7个抗氧化基因发生了上调,这些基因的高表达与经胁迫处理的酵母菌中活性氧积累的减少及脂质过氧化产物含量的降低有密切联系。说明对具有生物防控能力的酵母菌采用非生物压力胁迫，可提高其中与抗氧化胁迫相关的基因表达，从而提高其生物防控效果。

关键词：抗氧化基因环境胁迫采后病害活性氧抑制性消减杂交

Influence of hospital volume and outcomes of adult structural heart procedures

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World Journal of Cardiology 2016年第4期8卷 302-309页

作者： Sidakpal S Panaich Nilay Patel Shilpkumar Arora Nileshkumar J Patel samir.V Patel Chirag Savani Vikas Singh Rajesh Sonani Abhishek Deshmukh Michael Cleman Abeel Mangi John K Forrest Apurva O Badheka Interventional Cardiology Borgess Medical Center Internal Medicine Saint Peter’s University Hospital Internal Medicine Mount Sinai St.Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital Department of Cardiology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Internal Medicine Western Reserve Health Education Internal Medicine New York Medical College Public Health Department Emory University School of Medicine Department of Cardiology Mayo Clinic Department of Cardiology Yale School of Medicine Department of Cardiology the Everett Clinic

Hospital volume is regarded amongst many in the medical community as an important quality metric. This is especially true in more complicated and less commonly performed procedures such as structural heart disease interventions. Seminal work on hospital volume relationships was done by Luft et al more than 4 decades ago, when they demonstrated that hospitals performing > 200 surgical procedures a year had 25%-41% lower mortality than those performing fewer procedures. Numerous volume-outcome studies have since been done for varied surgical procedures. An old adage "practice makes perfect" indicating superior operator and institutional experience at higher volume hospitals is believed to primarily contribute to the volume outcome relationship. Compelling evidence from a slew of recent publications has also highlighted the role of hospital volume in predicting superior post-procedural outcomes following structural heart disease interventions. These included transcatheter aortic valve repair, transcatheter mitral valve repair, septal ablation and septal myectomy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, left atrial appendage closure and atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale closure. This is especially important since these structural heart interventions are relatively complex with evolving technology and a steep learning curve. The benefit was demonstrated both in lower mortality and complications as well as better economics in terms of lower length of stay and hospitalization costs seen at high volume centers. We present an overview of the available literature that underscores the importance of hospital volume in complex structural heart disease interventions.

关键词： Hospital volume Transcatheter mitral valve repair Septal ablation Septal myectomy Transcatheter aortic valve repair Left atrial appendage closure

他汀、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与冠状动脉粥样硬化消退

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2007年第3期26卷 152-160页

作者： Stephen J. Nicholls, MBBS, PhD E. Murat Tuzcu, MD IIke Sipahi, MD Adam W. Grasso, MD Paul Schoenhagen, MD Tingfei Hu, MS Kathy Wolski, MPH Tim Crowe, BS Milind Y. Desai, MD Stanley L. Hazen, MD, PhD samir.R. Kapadia, MD Steven E. Nissen, MD 李呈亿（译） Departments of Cardiovascular Medidne Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio. Cell Biology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio. Diagnostic Radiology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio. Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio. 不详

背景：他汀类药物可以降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low—density lipoprotein cholesterol，LDL—C）水平并减缓冠状动脉粥样硬化的进展。然而，对于他汀类药物所致高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high—density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL—C）... 详细信息

背景：他汀类药物可以降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low—density lipoprotein cholesterol，LDL—C）水平并减缓冠状动脉粥样硬化的进展。然而，对于他汀类药物所致高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high—density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL—C）变化与疾病进展的关系，目前仍无相关数据描述。目的：了解LDL—C和HDL—C水平变化与动脉粥样硬化的相互关系。设计、地点及患者：对4项前瞻性随机试验（1999～2005年在美国、北美、欧洲和澳大利亚进行）的原始数据进行事后分析。其中1455例经血管造影证实的冠心病患者在接受他汀治疗（18个月或24个月）时进行了系列血管内超声扫描。所有超声分析均在相同的核心实验室中进行。主要观测指标：脂蛋白水平变化与冠状动脉粥样斑块体积的相互关系。结果：他汀治疗期间，LDL—C平均（SD）水平从124．0（38．3）mg,／dL（3．2[0．99]mmol／L）降至87．5（28．8）mg,／dL（2．3[0．75]mmol／L）（下降23．5％；P〈0．001），HDL—C水平从42．5（11．0）mg／dL（1．1[0．28]mmol／L）升至45．1（11．4）mg／dL（1．2[0．29]mmol／L）（上升7．5％；P〈0．001）。LDL—C与HDL—C比值从平均（SD）3．0（1．1）降至2．1（0．9）（下降26．7％；P〈0．001）。这些变化同时伴随平均（SD）百分粥样斑块体积的增加（从39．7％[9．8％]增至40．1％[9．7％]）（增加0．5％[3．9％]；P=0．001）以及平均（SD）总粥样斑块体积的减小（2．4[23．6]mm^3；P〈0．001）。在单变量分析中，LDL—C、总胆固醇、非HDL胆固醇、载脂蛋白B以及载脂蛋白B与载脂蛋白A-1比值平均水平和治疗引起的变化与动脉粥样硬化进展速率显著相关，而治疗所致HDL—C变化则与动脉粥样斑块体积负相关。在多变量分析中，平均LDL—C水平（β系数，0．11[95％可信区间，0．07～0．15]）以及HDL—C升高（β系数，-0．26[95％可信区间，-0．41--0．10]）依然为动脉粥样硬化消退的独立预测因子。动脉硬化显著消退（动脉粥样斑块体积减少≥5％）见于治疗期间LDL—C水平低于均值（87．5mg／dL）和HDL—C升高百分比大于均值（7．5％；P〈0．001）的患者。临床事件的发生未见显著差异。结论：在LDL—C显著降低以及HDL上升〉7．5％时，他汀治疗与冠状动脉粥样硬化消退相关。这些结果提示他汀治疗的获益源自致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白的降低以及HDL．C的升高。尽管血脂水平的这些变化与动脉粥样硬化消退相关，但是后者是否可以转化为临床事件的显著减少，并改善临床预后仍有待进一步研究确定。

关键词：高密度脂蛋白胆固醇冠状动脉粥样硬化他汀类药物消退冠状动脉粥样斑块 HDL胆固醇低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平变化