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Analysis of Factors that Affect Government Digitization:A Pilot Case Study of Pakistan

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第1期66卷 291-301页

作者： salman ahmed Muhammad Ali Khan Department of Computer Systems Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawarPakistan

One of the greatest factors that affects the economic condition of a country is its *** the model of good governance,the primary elements for stronger institution include efficiency,transparency,and accountability;and technology plays a major role in improving these ***,there are myriad of challenges when it comes to practical integration of technology in these institutions for *** is more challenging when a country is developing and one that is already weak *** is also important to mention that the challenges of digitization in public sector is not limited to developing countries *** is equally challenging,even today,in already developed countries to digitally transform their public institutions for improved policymaking and for responsive service *** factors contribute to the failure of such digitization initiatives,more so within developing *** the purpose of this paper is to identify those factors,to measure the significance of each of those factors,and to realize and overcome *** research considered the case study of Pakistan;however,the results are very likely to match the conditions of other developing regions around the *** questionnaires and interviews,valuable feedback was gathered from up to 25 senior government officers that are closely associated with digitization initiatives in public *** feedback to the questions were overall *** results indicate the most significant of factors that affect government digitization in this developing region,including some factors that were not expected.

关键词： E-governance government digitization information management sustainability

Average Convergence for Directed&Undirected Graphs in Distributed Systems

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2021年第6期37卷 399-413页

作者： Ali Mustafa M Najam ul Islam salman ahmed Bahria University Islamabad44000Pakistan Comsats University Islamabad Attock campus43600Pakistan University of Engineering&Technology Peshawar25000Pakistan

Consensus control of multi-agent systems is an innovative paradigm for the development of intelligent distributed *** has fascinated numerous scientific groups for their promising applications as they have the freedom to achieve their local and global goals and make their own *** communication topologies based on graph and matrix theory are widely used in a various real-time applications ranging from software agents to ***,while sustaining the significance of both directed and undirected graphs,this research emphases on the demonstration of a distributed average consensus *** uses the harmonic mean in the domain of multi-agent systems with directed and undirected graphs under static topologies based on a control input *** proposed agreement protocol focuses on achieving a constant consensus on directional and undirected graphs using the exchange of information between neighbors to update their status values and to be able to calculate the total number of agents that contribute to the communication network at the same *** proposed method is implemented for the identical networks that are considered under the directional and non-directional communication *** different scenarios are simulated and it is concluded that the undirected approach has an advantage over directed graph communication in terms of processing time and the total number of iterations required to achieve *** same network parameters are introduced for both orientations of the communication *** addition,the results of the simulation and the calculation of various matrices are provided at the end to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to achieve consensus.

关键词： Multi-agent systems average consensus distributed estimation directed graphs undirected graphs agent counting

Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Paleocene Coal from the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel Coalfields of Pakistan

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第6期96卷 2056-2073页

作者： Muhammad UMAIR YANG Ruidong CHENG Wei salman ahmed KHATTAK College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and the Environment Ministry of EducationGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Mining College of Guizhou University Guiyang 550025China Department of Earth Sciences University of HaripurHaripur 22620KPPakistan The State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China

Pakistan is rich in coal resources,which amount to around 186 billion *** Paleocene Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coalfields are located in the Central Salt Range Punjab Province and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province,Pakistan,*** coal has not been studied in detail and the Darra Adam Khel coalfields are newlydiscovered,so no research has been done,due to security *** this study,an attempt has been made to study the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals,in order to learn about the coal quality,element enrichment mechanism,sedimentary medium conditions and potentially valuable elements for coal *** Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals are low to medium ash,low moisture content,high in volatiles and high total sulfur *** vitrinite reflectance in Darra Adam Khel coal is higher than in Padhrar coal,indicating either a greater burial depth or the effects of Himalayan *** vitrinite content is dominant in the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals,followed by inertinite and liptinite,the major minerals including quartz,clay minerals,calcite and *** trace elements Ni,As,Be Zn,Ge,Mo,Ta,W,Co and Nb,Sn,Hf,Ta,Pb,Th,Cd,In,Be,V,Cr,Zr,Ag,Li,W and Co are concentrated in some of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coal samples,*** Padhrar coal shows positive Ce,Eu and Gd anomalies,with most of the Darra Adam Khel coal showing negative Ce,Eu and positive Gd anomalies with high *** Al2O3/TiO2 values indicate that the sediment source of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals is mostly related to intermediate igneous *** Sr/Ba,SiO2+Al2O3,Fe2O3+CaO+MgO/SiO2+Al2O3 and high sulfur content in the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals indicate epithermal and marine water influence with a tidal flat,coal-forming environment and a deltaic coal-forming environment,respectively.

关键词： mineral trace elements Paleocene Padhrar coal Darra Adam Khel coal Pakistan

Cyber Secure Framework for Smart Containers Based on Novel Hybrid DTLS Protocol

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第12期43卷 1297-1313页

作者： Waseem Ullah Khan Safdar Nawaz Khan Marwat salman ahmed Department of Computer Systems Engineering University of Engineering and Technology PeshawarPeshawar25120Pakistan

The Internet of Things (IoTs) is apace growing, billions of IoT devicesare connected to the Internet which communicate and exchange data among eachother. Applications of IoT can be found in many fields of engineering and sciencessuch as healthcare, traffic, agriculture, oil and gas industries, and logistics. Inlogistics, the products which are to be transported may be sensitive and perishable, and require controlled environment. Most of the commercially availablelogistic containers are not integrated with IoT devices to provide controlled environment parameters inside the container and to transmit data to a remote *** necessitates the need for designing and fabricating IoT based smart containers. Due to constrained nature of IoT devices, these are prone to different cybersecurity attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS), Man in Middle (MITM) andReplay. Therefore, designing efficient cyber security framework are required forsmart container. The Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Protocol hasemerged as the de facto standard for securing communication in IoT ***, it is unable to minimize cyber security attacks such as Denial of Serviceand Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) during the handshake process. Themain contribution of this paper is to design a cyber secure framework by implementing novel hybrid DTLS protocol in smart container which can efficientlyminimize the effects of cyber attacks during handshake process. The performanceof our proposed framework is evaluated in terms of energy efficiency, handshaketime, throughput and packet delivery ratio. Moreover, the proposed framework istested in IoT based smart containers. The proposed framework decreases handshake time more than 9% and saves 11% of energy efficiency for transmissionin compare of the standard DTLS, while increases packet delivery ratio andthroughput by 83% and 87% respectively.

关键词： Logistic container logistics security cyber security perishable products monitoring

Investigating the Use of Email Application in Illiterate and Semi-Illiterate Population

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第3期62卷 1473-1486页

作者： Sadeeq Jan Imran Maqsood salman ahmed Zahid Wadud Iftikhar Ahmad National Center for Cyber Security-UETP Department of CS&ITUniversity of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawarPakistan Department of Computer Software Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyMardanPakistan Department of Computer Systems Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawarPakistan 不详

The use of electronic communication has been significantly increased over the last few *** is one of the most well-known means of electronic *** email applications are widely used by a large population;however,illiterate and semi-illiterate people face challenges in using them.A major population of Pakistan is illiterate that has little or no practice of computer *** this paper,we investigate the challenges of using email applications by illiterate and semi-illiterate *** addition,we also propose a solution by developing an application tailored to the needs of illiterate/semi-illiterate *** shows that illiterate people are good at learning the designs that convey information with pictures instead of text-only,and focus more on one object/action at a *** proposed solution is based on designing user interfaces that consist of icons and vocal/audio instructions instead of ***,we use background voice/audio which is more helpful than flooding a picture with a lot of *** tested our application using a large number of users with various skill levels(from no computer knowledge to experts).Our results of the usability tests indicate that the application can be used by illiterate people without any training or third-party’s help.

关键词： Illiterate semi-illiterate email usability user interfaces

Recognition and Tracking of Objects in a Clustered Remote Scene Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1699-1719页

作者： Haris Masood Amad Zafar Muhammad Umair Ali Muhammad Attique Khan salman ahmed Usman Tariq Byeong-Gwon Kang Yunyoung Nam Wah Engineering College University of WahWah CanttPakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of LahoreIslamabad CampusPakistan Department of Unmanned Vehicle Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Department of Computer Science HITEC University TaxilaTaxila47040Pakistan College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-KhrajSaudi Arabia Department of ICT Convergence Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea

Object recognition and tracking are two of the most dynamic research sub-areas that belong to the field of Computer *** vision is one of the most active research fields that lies at the intersection of deep learning and machine *** paper presents an efficient ensemble algorithm for the recognition and tracking of fixed shapemoving objects while accommodating the shift and scale invariances that the object may *** first part uses the Maximum Average Correlation Height(MACH)filter for object recognition and determines the bounding box *** case the correlation based MACH filter fails,the algorithms switches to a much reliable but computationally complex feature based object recognition technique i.e.,affine scale invariant feature transform(ASIFT).ASIFT is used to accommodate object shift and scale object *** extracts certain features from the object of interest,providing invariance in up to six affine parameters,namely translation(two parameters),zoom,rotation and two camera axis ***,in this paper,only the shift and scale invariances are *** second part of the algorithm demonstrates the use of particle filters based Approximate Proximal Gradient(APG)technique to periodically update the coordinates of the object encapsulated in the bounding *** the end,a comparison of the proposed algorithm with other stateof-the-art tracking algorithms has been presented,which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with respect to the minimization of tracking errors.

关键词： Object racking MACH filter ASIFT particle filter recognition

Developing time-of-flight polarized neutron capability at the China Spallation Neutron Source

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第10期34卷 12-19页

作者： Long Tian ahmed salman Chu-Yi Huang Yu-Chen Dong Fan Ye Ze-Cong Qin Wolfgang Kreuzpaintner Jun-Pei Zhang Tian-Hao Wang Xin Tong Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Polarized neutrons play an indispensable role in neutron scattering research and have been incorporated into various neutron diffractometers and spectrometers. Recognizing the importance of polarized neutrons, the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS) has dedicated resources for developing its own capabilities for polarized neutron techniques. Hence, a polarized neutron development platform was allocated to the BL-20 beam port at CSNS for the purpose of facilitating new technological developments and calibration of instruments. Here, we report the progress we have made in terms of using the established development platform at BL-20, including the characterization of neutron spin filter cells manufactured at CSNS, the calibration of self-developed polarized neutron instruments, performance of the polarized neutron technique applied to beamlines,and associated simulation work for beamline magnetic field environments. These results demonstrate the capability of the CSNS to develop time-of-flight polarized neutron instruments and techniques in-house, which will be incorporated into the construction of CSNS neutron beamlines.

关键词： Polarized neutron Polarization analysis Neutron instrumentation

Development of a Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping-Based Polarized ^(3)He System at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS)

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Chinese Physics Letters 2021年第9期38卷 38-42页

作者： Chuyi Huang Junpei Zhang Fan Ye Zecong Qin Syed Mohd Amir Zachary Norris Buck ahmed salman Wolfgang Kreuzpaintner Xin Qi Tianhao Wang Xin Tong Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China

Polarized 3He neutron spin filters(NSFs)can be used as a vital tool for neutron polarization production and *** China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS),as one of the major neutron facilities in China,has committed resources to the development of a polarized ^(3)He NSF program to support its growing polarized neutron research.A spin-exchange optical pumping(SEOP)-based polarized ^(3)He system and other necessary hardware for NSF transport has been recently *** performance of the system is benchmarked using an in-house developed cell named“Trident”.Neutron beam measurements yield a ^(3)He polarization of 77%with over 200 h of on-beam relaxation *** this newly developed SEOP system with the recently reported cell fabrication station,CSNS is now capable of the fully self-sustained production of ^(3)He NSFs that shall support its future neutron polarization research.

关键词： polarized system relaxation

Transparent and Accurate COVID-19 Diagnosis:Integrating Explainable AI with Advanced Deep Learning in CT Imaging

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 3101-3123页

作者： Mohammad Mehedi Hassan salman A.AlQahtani Mabrook S.AlRakhami ahmed Zohier Elhendi Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia Science Technology and Innovation Department King Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia

In the current landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic,the utilization of deep learning in medical imaging,especially in chest computed tomography(CT)scan analysis for virus detection,has become increasingly *** its potential,deep learning’s“black box”nature has been a major impediment to its broader acceptance in clinical environments,where transparency in decision-making is *** bridge this gap,our research integrates Explainable AI(XAI)techniques,specifically the Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations(LIME)method,with advanced deep learning *** integration forms a sophisticated and transparent framework for COVID-19 identification,enhancing the capability of standard Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)models through transfer learning and data *** approach leverages the refined DenseNet201 architecture for superior feature extraction and employs data augmentation strategies to foster robust model *** pivotal element of our methodology is the use of LIME,which demystifies the AI decision-making process,providing clinicians with clear,interpretable insights into the AI’s *** unique combination of an optimized Deep Neural Network(DNN)with LIME not only elevates the precision in detecting COVID-19 cases but also equips healthcare professionals with a deeper understanding of the diagnostic *** method,validated on the SARS-COV-2 CT-Scan dataset,demonstrates exceptional diagnostic accuracy,with performance metrics that reinforce its potential for seamless integration into modern healthcare *** innovative approach marks a significant advancement in creating explainable and trustworthy AI tools for medical decisionmaking in the ongoing battle against COVID-19.

关键词： Explainable AI COVID-19 CT images deep learning