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Impact of Simulated Drought Stress on Soil Microbiology, and Nematofauna in a Native Shrub + Millet Intercropping System in Senegal

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2016年第12期6卷 189-203页

作者： Sidy Diakhaté Ndeye-Yacine Badiane-Ndour Hassna Founoune-Mboup sally diatta Abdoulaye Fofana Fall Rebecca R. Hernandez Laurent Cournac Richard Dick Lydie Chapuis-Lardy National Research Laboratory for Crop Production (LNRPV/ISRA) Dakar Senegal LMI IESOL International Laboratory for Ecological Intensification of Cultivated Soil in West Africa Dakar Senegal Land Air and Water Resource Department University of California-Davis Davis CA USA School of Environment and Natural Resources Ohio State University Columbus OH USA French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) Montpellier France IRD-ISRA Research Center BP1386 Dakar Senegal

Drought stress strongly affects soil biota and impairs crop production, which under climate change will be exacerbated in semi-arid cropping regions such as the Sahel. Hence soil management systems are needed that can buffer against drought. In West Africa, field studies have found intercropping of millet with the native shrub Piliostigma reticulatum improves soil-plant-water relations, microbial activity and diversity, and suppress parasitic nematodes, which can significantly increase crop yield. However, little information is available on its beneficial or negative effects on soils or crops during water stress. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the impact of P. reticulatum in moderating water stress effects on soil properties and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) productivity. In the greenhouse, soil chemical and microbial properties and millet growth were investigated with a factorial experiment of varying levels of soil moisture (favorable, moderately stressed, or severely stressed water conditions) that was imposed for 55 days on soils containing sole P. reticulatum or millet, or millet + P. reticulatum. The results showed that the presence of P. reticulatum did not buffer soils against water stress in relation to soil chemical and microbial properties measured at the end of the experiment. Severe water stress did significantly decrease the height, number of leaves, and aboveground biomass of millet plants. Additionally, respiration, nematofauna trophic structure and abundance decreased as water stress increased. Lastly, bacterial feeders and plant parasitic nematodes were the most sensitive to severe water stress while fungal feeding nematodes remained unaffected. The results suggested that the intensity of water stress had more negative effects on soil basal respiration rather than soil microbial biomass.

关键词： Sub-Saharan Africa Shrub-Based Cropping System Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Water Stress Climate Change Nematode Basal Respiration Greenhouse Experiment

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Temporal Microbial Response to Wetting-Drying Cycles in Soils within and Outside the Influence of a Shrub in the Sahel

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2019年第12期9卷 284-297页

作者： sally diatta Sidy Diakhaté Hassna Founoune-Mboup Charlotte J. Alster Diégane Diouf Richard P. Dick Lydie Chapuis-Lardy Laurent Cournac Ndeye Yacine Badiane-Ndour ISRA_LNRPV Laboratoire National de Recherches sur les productions Végétales (LNRPV) Dakar Senegal Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Département Biologie Végétale Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD Dakar Senegal IRD LMI IESOL Centre IRD-ISRA Dakar Senegal Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine CA USA School of Environment and Natural Resources Ohio State University Columbus OH USA IRD Institut de Recherche pour le Développement UMR Eco & Sols Montpellier France

Piliostigma reticulatum is a native woody shrub found in cropped fields in the Sahel and has been shown to increase crop productivity and soil quality. Frequently occurring drying and rewetting cycles (DRW) may alter the soil quality beneath these shrubs. We investigated the effect of DRW cycles on microbial community in soil beneath and outside the P. reticulatum canopy and the roles of this shrub in the adaptation of the microbial community to abiotic stress. Soils were incubated in a climate controlled chamber for 45 days, after exposure to 10 consecutive days of DRW cycles at 75% of water holding capacity (WHC). Basal respiration, β-glucosidase activity, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and available nitrogen (;) were measured at 2, 30, and 45 days after soil exposed to the DRW cycles. MBC increased significantly two days after the DRW cycles and was greater for soil beneath the shrub canopy compared with soil outside the shrub canopy. PCA analysis based on basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon, available nitrogen, and β-Glucosidase activity resulted in a tight clustering in the beneath shrub soil samples. Soils incubated for more than 30 days after DRW cycles had higher available nitrogen content than soils incubated for less than 30 days. Soil from beneath the shrub canopy significantly improved soil resilience based on β-glucosidase activity. Soil from beneath the shrub canopy also had higher nutrient levels and greater microbial activity even when subjected to DRW cycles, potentially improving the ability of crops to withstand in-season drought when they are adjacent to shrubs. The work should bring our scientific community into a more comprehensive assessment of potential effects of a crop-shrub intercropping that may allow for increased crop yields in semi-arid ecosystems under drought conditions.

关键词： Sub-Saharan Africa Shrub-Based Cropping System Climate Change Wetting and Drying Cycles Climate Chamber Experiment

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Numerical Simulation of Mixing in a Micro-well Scale Bioreactor by Computational Fluid Dynamics

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2002年第2期18卷 113-116页

作者： Hu Zhang sally Lamping Parviz Ayazi Shamlou Advanced Biochemical Engineering Centre University College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JE

The introduction of the multi well plate miniaturisation technology with its associated automated dispensers, readers and integrated systems coupled with advances in life sciences has a propelling effect on the rate at which new potential drug molecules are discovered. The translation of these discoveries to real outcome now demands parallel approaches which allow large numbers of process options to be rapidly assessed. The engineering challenges in achieving this provide the motivation for the proposed work. In this work we used computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analysis to study flow conditions in a gas liquid contactor which has the potential to be used as a fermenter on a multi well format. The bioreactor had a working volume of 6 5 mL with the major dimensions equal to those of a single well of a 24 well plate. The 6 5 mL bioreactor was mechanically agitated and aerated by a single sparger placed beneath the bottom impeller. Detailed numerical procedure for solving the governing flow equations is given. The CFD results are combined with population balance equations to establish the size of the bubbles and their distribution in the bioreactor. Power curves with and without aeration are provided based on the simulated results.

关键词： CFD Numerical simulation Fermenter Snapshot method Two fluid Population balance

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Evolving treatment landscape for early and advanced pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第7期9卷 281-292页

作者： sally C Lau Winson Y Cheung Division of Medical Oncology University of British Columbia British Columbia Cancer Agency Department of Oncology University of Calgary Tom Baker Cancer Center

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an infrequent cancer with a high disease related mortality rate, even in the context of early stage disease. Until recently, the rate of death from pancreatic cancer has remained largely similar whereby gemcitabine monotherapy was the mainstay of systemic treatment for most stages of disease. With the discovery of active multiagent chemotherapy regimens, namely FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel, the treatment landscape of pancreatic cancer is slowly evolving. FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel are now considered standard first line treatment options in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Studies are ongoing to investigate the utility of these same regimens in the adjuvant setting. The potential of these treatments to downstage disease is also being actively examined in the locally advanced context since neoadjuvant approaches may improve resection rates and surgical outcomes. As more emerging data become available, the management of pancreatic cancer is anticipated to change significantly in the coming years.

关键词： Cancer Neoplasm Pancreas Adjuvant treatment Systemic treatment Gemcitabine FOLFIRINOX Nab-paclitaxel

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Sequencing of treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer:Where to fit the target?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第8期20卷 1993-2004页

作者： sally Temraz Deborah Mukherji Ali Shamseddine Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal MedicineAmerican University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC)Riad El Solh 110 72020BeirutLebanon

Colorectal cancer is a lethal disease if not discovered *** though appropriate screening and preventive strategies are in place in many countries,a significant number of patients are still diagnosed at late stages of the *** management of metastatic colorectal cancer remains a significant clinical challenge to oncologists *** cytotoxic regimens constitute the main treatment of choice in this patient population,addition of the five biologics(bevacizumab,cetuximab,aflibercept,panitumumab and regorafenib)to these regimens has improved clinical *** most commonly used cytotoxic regimens include doublet combinations(FOLFOX/XELOX or FOLFIRI).Many clinical trials have been published and others are underway to compare the biologic agents with one another in order to prove the superiority of one regimen over *** colorectal cancer patients have many treatment options;however,the optimal use and sequence of targeted agents remain to be *** review entails concise and updated clinical data on the management of metastatic colorectal *** aim of the review is to determine where to fit the five biologic targets into the treatment algorithm of metastatic colorectal cancer patients and to derive treatment sequences that would achieve best clinical outcome based on the current available data.

关键词： Metastatic colorectal cancer Chemotherapy Anti-epithelial growth factor receptor Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor Treatment sequence

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Psychological controversies in gastroparesis: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第7期23卷 1298-1309页

作者： sally Woodhouse Geoff Hebbard Simon R Knowles Department of Psychological Sciences Swinburne University of Technology Department of Gastro-enterology the Royal Melbourne Hospital Department of Medicine University of Melbourne Department of Psychiatry St Vincent’s Hospital

To systematically review literature addressing three key psychologically-oriented controversies associated with *** comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases was performed to identify literature addressing the relationship between gastroparesis and psychological factors. Two researchers independently screened all references. Inclusion criteria were: an adult sample of gastroparesis patients, a quantitative methodology, and at least one of the following: (1) evaluation of the prevalence of psychopathology; (2) an outcome measure of anxiety, depression, or quality of life; and (3) evidence of a psychological intervention. Case studies, review articles, and publications in languages other than English were excluded from the current *** of psychopathology was evaluated by three studies (n = 378), which found that combined anxiety/depression was present in 24% of the gastroparesis cohort, severe anxiety in 12.4%, depression in 21.8%-23%, and somatization in 50%. Level of anxiety and depression was included as an outcome measure in six studies (n = 1408), and while limited research made it difficult to determine the level of anxiety and depression in the cohort, a clear positive relationship with gastroparesis symptom severity was evident. Quality of life was included as an outcome measure in 11 studies (n = 2076), with gastroparesis patients reporting lower quality of life than population norms, and a negative relationship between quality of life and symptom severity. One study assessed the use of a psychological intervention for gastroparesis patients (n = 120) and found that depression and gastric function were improved in patients who received psychological intervention, however the study had considerable methodological *** is associated with significant psychological distress and poor quality of life. Recommendations for future studies and the development of psychological int

关键词： Anxiety Depression Gastroparesis Quality of life Psychological distress

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The association between Tai Chi exercise and safe driving performance among older adults： An observational study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第1期7卷 83-94页

作者： sally Miller Ruth E.Taylor-Piliae School of Nursing Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37240 USA College of Nursing The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA

Background: Age-related cognitive and physical decline can impair safe driving performance. Tai Chi exercise benefits cognitive and physical function and may influence safe driving performance in older adults. The primary aim of this observational study was to compare cognitive processes and physical function related to safe driving performance among older adult Tai Chi practitioners to normative reference *** aims were to examine relationships between Tai Chi exercise habits, cognitive processes, and physical function related to safe driving performance and to explore potential predictors of safe driving ***: The Driving Health Inventory, the Driving Scenes Test, other driving-related cognitive and physical measures, and self-reported measures including the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS) and the Vitality Plus Scale(VPS) were collected from current Tai Chi practitioners(n = 58; age 72.9 ± 5.9 years, mean ± SD) with median >3 years Tai Chi ***: Compared to normative reference values, participants performed better on numerous cognitive measures including the Driving Scenes Test(p < 0.001, d = 1.63), maze navigation(p = 0.017, d = 0.27), the Useful Field of View Test(p < 0.001, r = 0.15), and on physical measures including the Rapid Walk Test(p < 0.001, r = 0.20), and the Right Foot Tapping Test,(p < 0.001, r = 0.35). Participants scored higher than normative reference values on MAAS and VPS(p < 0.001, d = 0.75; p = 0.002, d = 0.38, respectively). Statistically significant correlations were found between several study measures. The digit span backward test was the strongest predictor of safe driving performance(β = 0.34,p = 0.009).Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise has the potential to impact cognitive processes and physical function related to safe driving performance. Further study using randomized controlled trials, structured Tai Chi exercise doses, and driving simulator or on-road driving performance as outcome measures

关键词： Automobile driving Driving performance Exercise Older adults Physical activity Tai Chi

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Optimization of colorectal cancer screening strategies: New insights

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第28期30卷 3361-3366页

作者： Magie Tamraz Najib Al Ghossaini sally Temraz Department of Nutrition and Public Health Holy Spirit University of KaslikJounieh 446Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Ain Wazein Medical VillageChouf 1503Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology/OncologyAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirut 11072020Lebanon

In this editorial,we discuss the article by Agatsuma et *** concentrate specifically on the current routinely used screening tests recommended by society guidelines and delve into the significance of early diagnosis of colorectal cancer(CRC)and its substantial impact on both incidence and mortality *** is highly recommended,and an early diagnosis stands out as the most crucial predictor of survival for CRC ***,it is essential to identify and address the barriers hindering adherence to screening measures,as these barriers can vary among different ***,we focus on screening strategy optimization by selecting high-risk *** with comorbidities who regularly visit hospitals have been diagnosed at an early stage,showing no significant difference compared to patients undergoing regular *** finding highlights the importance of extending screening measures to include patients with comorbidities who do not routinely visit the hospital.

关键词： Colorectal neoplasms Early diagnosis Barriers to adherence Cancer screening guidelines Screening tests

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Optimized Deep Learning-Inspired Model for the Diagnosis and Prediction of COVID-19

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 2353-2371页

作者： sally M.Elghamrawy Aboul Ella Hassnien Vaclav Snasel MISR Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology MansouraEgypt Faculty of Computers and Information Cairo UniversityCairoEgypt VSB-Technical University of Ostrava Czech Republic

Detecting COVID-19 cases as early as possible became a critical issue that must be addressed to avoid the pandemic’s additional spread and early provide the appropriate treatment to the affected *** study aimed to develop a COVID-19 diagnosis and prediction(AIMDP)model that could identify patients with COVID-19 and distinguish it from other viral pneumonia signs detected in chest computed tomography(CT)*** proposed system uses convolutional neural networks(CNNs)as a deep learning technology to process hundreds of CT chest scan images and speeds up COVID-19 case prediction to facilitate its *** employed the whale optimization algorithm(WOA)to select the most relevant patient signs.A set of experiments validated AIMDP *** demonstrated the superiority of AIMDP in terms of the area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic(AUC-ROC)curve,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive rate(NPR)and negative predictive value(NPV).AIMDP was applied to a dataset of hundreds of real data and CT images,and it was found to achieve 96%AUC for diagnosing COVID-19 and 98%for overall *** results showed the promising performance of AIMDP for diagnosing COVID-19 when compared to other recent diagnosing and predicting models.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) CT chest scan imaging deep learning technique feature selection whale optimization algorithm

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The moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between bullying and mental health among sexual and gender minority youth

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第1期12卷 106-115页

作者： sally J.Kirklewski Ryan J.Watson Carolyn Lauckner Department of Health Promotion and Behavior University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Human Development and Family Sciences University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269 USA Department of Behavioral Science University of Kentucky College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA

Background:Sexual and gender minority youth frequently experience bullying,which often contributes to higher depressive symptoms and lower *** that physical activity(PA)can mitigate depressive symptoms and improve self-esteem,we examined the moderating effect of PA on the relationship between bullying and mental health among sexual and gender minority ***:Data from the Lesbian,Gay,Bisexual,Transgender,and Queer National Teen Survey(n=9890)were *** regression analyses examined the influence of history and frequency of being bullied,PA,and the interaction of these variables on depressive symptoms and *** slopes analyses were used to probe significant ***:Results indicated the importance of accounting for bullying history when examining effects of PA on mental *** was negatively related to depression(t=-4.18,p<0.001)and positively related to self-esteem(t=12.11,p<0.001).Bullying frequency was positively related to depression(t=19.35,p<0.001)and negatively related to self-esteem(t=-12.46,p<0.001).There was a significant interaction between bullying frequency and PA for depression(t=4.45,p<0.001)and self-esteem(t=-4.69,p<0.001).Post hoc analyses suggested that the positive effects of PA on mental health may be limited to those not bullied because it had a negligible effect on those who were ***:Results suggest that sexual and gender minority youth exercise interventions aiming to improve mental health should first address bullying history;otherwise,their effectiveness may be limited to those who have been bullied.

关键词： Bullying Depression Exercise LGBTQ Self-esteem Youth

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