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Value of Repeated Direct Smear Sputum Examination in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2014年第2期4卷 41-47页

作者： Wafaa Ali Hassan Amany Omar saher khalil Atef Farouk Al-Qarn Chest Department Assiut University Assiut Egypt Qena Chest Hospital Qena Egypt

Introduction: The examination of three sputum samples per suspect has been severely criticized from a public health viewpoint and several recent trials have documented the relative inefficiency of the third smear and the necessity for confirmation of a positive smear has also been contested. Aim: This study, undertaken in Qena, Egypt, aimed to determine the usefulness of examining the second and third direct smear microscopy (DSM) specimen in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB. Patients and methods: A retrospective study using record review at TB outpatient clinic;Qena Chest Hospital, Egypt, was done from 2010-2013. Direct smear results were collected as one of the following combinations PNN, PPP, PPN, PNP, NNP, NPP, and NPN, NNN, where N is a negative and P a positive smear. The proportion of positive, first, second and third specimen were calculated. Cases were considered positive having at least one positive smear confirmed by another positive one in the absence of sputum culture. Results: Out of 9420 recorded suspects, 719 of them were positive, so smear positivity was 7.6%. The majority of them were diagnosed from the first sample (96.4%). For only 3.6% (26 of 719), the second smear was positive and a third specimen was required (NPP) to make a definitive diagnosis of TB. No recorded isolated positive or negative smears in the third sample (NNP or PPN). Conclusions: These data indicated that, in our locality with limited financial resources, the incremental yield of a second sputum direct smear examination was low, and the third one was negligible indicating that examination of two sputum samples is enough among pulmonary TB patients. A third sample is required only as confirmatory if the second sample was positive. Smear microscopy can be substantially simplified with favourable resource implications.

关键词： TB Direct Smear Value

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Investigation of an inflammatory viral disease HBV in cardiac patients through polymerase chain reaction

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第4期3卷 417-422页

作者： Farina saher khalil ur Rehman Javed A.Qureshi Muhammad Irshad Hafiz M.Nasir Iqbal Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan Health Biotechnology Division National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering(NIBGE)FaisalabadPakistan Department of Microbiology University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan

In the present study 100 cardiac patients were randomly selected from the cardiology ward, Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Pakistan. All the selected cases were analysed for different parameters like Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HbsAg), Bilirubin, Alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. Out of total 16% patients were lying in the age of 21-30 year, 25% in the age of 31-40 year, 35% in the age of 41-50 year, 19% in the age of 51-60 years and 5% patients in the age of 61-70 years. No subject was found positive in age group 21-30 years patients. 35% patients have higher value of SGPT while, other 26% were with higher value of SGOT. Rest of the 32 and 24% have higher ALP and Bilirubin levels, respectively. Assay profile revealed that ALP level was increased with increasing age, body mass index, Creactive protein, diabetes, smoking, sex, serum uric acid, lead, cadmium, hypercholesterolemia, lesion of liver and cardiovascular disease. The serum of the eight HbsAg positive cases were tested for the presence of HBV through PCR and no sample was found positive. At the end of the study, PCR amplified samples were run on 1.5% agarose gel to confirm the case.

关键词： HBV Liver Inflammation LFTs PCR Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

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