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Phlebotomus papatasi and Meriones libycus as the vector and reservoir host of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qomrood District,Qom Province,central Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第2期4卷 97-100页

作者： Rassi Yavar Saghafipour Abedin Abai Mohammad Reza Oshaghi Mohammad Ali Rafizadeh Sina Mohebail Mehdi Yaaghobi-Ershadi Mohammad Reza Mohtarami Fatemeh Farzinnia Babak Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesIran Department of Emergency Ministry of Health and Medical EducationIran Department of Parasitology and Mycology School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesIran Healh Center of Qom Qom ProvinceIran

Objective:To determine the sand flies species responsible for most transmission of Leishmania major(L major) to human,as well as to determine the main reservoir hosts of the disease. Methods:Sand flies were collected using sticky papers and mounted in Puri’s medium for species identification.Rodents were trapped by live Sherman traps.Both sand flies and rodents were subjected to molecular methods for detection of leishmanial parasite.Results:Phlebotomus papatasi(P.papatasi) was the common species in outdoor and indoor resting places.Employing PCR technique only three specimens of 150 P.papatasi(2%) were found naturally infected by parasites with a band of 350 bp which is equal to the L major parasite.Forty six rodents were captured by Sherman traps and identified.Microscopic investigation on blood smear of the animals for amastigote parasites revealed 1(3.22%) infected Meriones libycus(M.libycus). Infection of this animal to L.major was confirmed by PCR against rDNA loci of the parasite. Conclusions:This is the first molecular report of parasite infection of both vector(P.papatasi) and reservoir(M.libycus) to L major in the region.The results indicated that P.papatasi was the primary vector of the disease and circulating the parasite between human and reservoirs and M. libycus was the most important host reservoir for maintenance of the parasite source in the area.

关键词： Cutaneous leishmaniasis Vector Reservoir Iran

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Phlebotomus(Adlerius) kabulensis(Diptera: Psychodidae) a new record sand fly species from Iran: Morphological and molecular aspects

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第2期11卷 131-135页

作者： Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani abedin saghafipour Yavar Rassi Department of Medical Entomology School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Public Health Faculty of HealthQom University of Medical Sciences

Objective: To represent a new geographical record, Phlebotomus(Adlerius) kabulensis(P.kabulensis), which is suspected to be a potential vector of visceral leishmaniasis.Methods: For the first time, P.kabulensis specimens were collected using the sticky paper traps method in outdoor places in mountainous areas with vegetation coverage of three provinces in Iran.Identification of males was based on ecological, morphological, morphometric and molecular(mtDNA cytochrome b gene sequences) criteria.Generally, males have two ascoids on the 8^(th)antennal segment and one ascoid on segments 9^(th)to 15^(th), aedeagus with normal obtuseangled sub-terminal notch and coxite with 27–50 groups of hairs on the distal half of its body.Results: Morphometric measurement revealed that P.kabulensis specimens were the same as compared with seven other morphological characters in three provinces of the country but lengths of the coxite were significantly different.The PCR result of the cytochrome b(Cyt b)-mtDNA fragment shows 550-bp length, with its special nucleotide arrangement.The male and female of P.kabulensis were newly discovered members of the subgenus Adlerius from Iran.Initial DNA analysis indicated how distinct this species is.Conclusions: The results show that the P.kabulensis female will be identified by comparing with other Adlerius female groups regarding its morphometric characters and molecular sequencing.

关键词： Phlebotomus(Adlerius) kabulensis New geographical record Morphometric mtDNA cytochrome b gene

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Fatal case of human rabies infection: A case report

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第11期12卷 528-530页

作者： Seyed Abbas Hosseinalipour Faranak Firoozfar abedin saghafipour Nazanin Ziasheikholeslami Qom Provincial Health Center Qom University of Medical SciencesQomIran Vector-borne Diseases Research Center North Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran Department of Public Health Faculty of HealthQom University of Medical SciencesQomIran Department of Infectious Diseases Faculty of MedicineQom University of Medical SciencesQomIran

Rationale:Rabies,as an acute viral disease of the mammal’s central nervous system(CNS),with a high mortality rate,is transmitted to humans through the bite of a rabid animals,especially canine and feline.Patient concerns:An Afghan man,aged 50 years was bitten by a fox in a farm around the Qom-Tehran road,Central Iran in 2018.The patient visited the doctor after the bite,however the period between incidence and hospital visit was not established and no indication was given whether the bite site injury was thoroughly washed.The patient was neither referred to the health center for vaccination(post-exposure prophylaxis)nor an effective therapeutic measures was applied.Forty-five days post-exposure,the patient presented with symptoms such as headache,fever,tingling and burning sensation and was referred to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)unit of Qom Provincial Health Center.Diagnosis:Rabies infection.Interventions:Forty-five days after the animal bite,in CDC of Qom Health Center,he received rabies post-exposure prophylaxis treatment and was referred to an infectious diseases physician.Based on the history of animal bites,the patient was classified as probable case of rabies.The clinical symptoms of rabies appeared in patient after hospitalization.Outcomes:Ultimately the patient died in hospital 4 days after hospitalization(50 days after the occurrence of animal bite).After referring the patient to the CDC,the patient’s saliva(0.5-1 mL)was sampled three times every 3-6 hours and tested by PCR.Human rabies was confirmed by Department of Virology in the Pasteur Institute of Iran.Lessons:Physicians and clinicians have responsibilities to be critical in observations and take prompt actions in case of animal bites,as rabies usually develops within 7 to 14 days,and delayed intervention after the onset of symptoms,vaccine and serum injections cannot lead to the survival of the patient.

关键词： Animal bite Preventive measures Rabies Iran

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Spatial distribution and infection rate of leishmaniasis vectors(Diptera: Psychodidae) in Ardabil Province, Northwest of Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第5期9卷 181-187页

作者： Eslam Moradi-Asl Yavar Rassi Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd abedin saghafipour Department of Public Health School of Public Health Ardabil University of Medical Science Vectors Research Center Ardabil University of Medical Science Department of Medical Entomology Faculty of Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Public health Faculty of Health Qom University of Medical Sciences

Objective: To determine the spatial distribution and infection rate of sand flies as vectors of Leishmania parasite in Ardabil province, northwest of Iran.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sand flies were collected from 30 areas in all 10 districts of Ardabil province during 2017. The specimens were caught using the sticky traps. The head and genitalia of sand flies were separated and mounted in Berlese solution for microscopic identification. The Geographical Information System ArcMap10.4.1 software was used to provide the spatial maps. Results: A total of 2 794 sand flies specimens were collected and 22 species of sand flies were identified from the two genera: Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia from Ardabil province. The highest frequency was found in Phlebotomus papatasi(23.7%) followed by Phlebotomus kandelakii(13.0%). The promastigote form of Leishmania infantum parasite has been reported from the three main vectors of visceral leishmaniasis(Phlebotomus kandelakii, Phlebotomus perfiliewi and Phlebotomus tobbi) from Ardabil province, where the spatial distribution map of these visceral leishmaniasis vectors was prepared. Some important species of sand flies such as Phlebotomus kandelakii, Phlebotomus perfiliewi and Phlebotomus tobbi were reported and identified as main and probable vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil. Conclusions: According to the Geographic Information System based maps, the frequency of the sand flies as leishmaniasis vectors, the leishmania parasite infection rate and the prevalence of the disease in the central areas of Ardabil province are higher than in other areas in Ardabil province.

关键词： Leishmaniasis Psychodidae Iran

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Identification of climatic and environmental factors associated with incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Central Iran using satellite imagery

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2021年第1期11卷 40-46页

作者： Mohammad Javanbakht abedin saghafipour Keyvan Ezimand Amir Hamta Leyli Zanjirani Farahani Nazanin Soltani Department of Remote Sensing and GIS Faculty of GeographyTehran UniversityTehranIran Department of Public Health Faculty of HealthQom University of Medical SciencesQomIran Department of Remote Sensing and GIS Faculty of Earth ScienceShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran Department of Social Medicine Faculty of Medical SciencesQom University of medical sciencesQomIran Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Student Research Committee Qom University of Medical SciencesQomIran

Objective:To determine the effect of climatic and environmental factors on the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qom province in 2018.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,the data on cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence were collected from the Disease Control and Prevention Center in Qom province.Climatic and environmental data including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),Land Surface Temperature(LST),and soil moisture were extracted using satellite images.Data of altitude and sunny hours were provided based on shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation model and hemispherical viewshed algorithm,respectively.The associations of climatic and environmental variables with the incidence of the disease were analyzed by Pearson correlation method.The Arc GIS 10.3 software was used to determine the geographical distribution of these factors.Results:There were positive correlations between cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence and the two climatic factors:LST and sunny hours per day(P=0.041,P=0.016),and it had weak negative correlations with the digital elevation model(P=0.27),soil moisture(P=0.54),and NDVI(P=0.62).The time delay analysis showed that in one-,two-,and three month periods,the correlations increased with a 95%confidence interval.Accordingly,the correlation with the three-month time delay was positive and relatively strong between the cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence and LST and sunny hours(P=0.027,P=0.02);nevertheless,there were negative correlations between the cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence and the soil moisture(P=0.27)and NDVI(P=0.62).Conclusions:As Qom is located in one of the semi-arid climate zones,topography and solar energy are important factors affecting the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in autumn.Therefore,appropriate disease control programs are recommended.

关键词： Environmental factors Incidence Satellite imagery Cutaneous leishmaniasis Iran

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Spatial distribution of sand flies(Diptera: Psychodidae; Larroussius group), the vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Northwest of Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第9期8卷 425-430页

作者： Eslam Moradi-Asl Yavar Rassi Davoud Adham Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd abedin saghafipour Sayena Rafizadeh Department of Public Health School of Public Health Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Qom University of Medical Sciences Ministry of Health National Institute for Medical Research Development

Objective: To determine spatial distribution of sand flies(Diptera: Psychodidae; Larroussius group), the vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil province, Northwest of Iran.Methods: Sand flies were collected using sticky traps from the 30 selected points in Ardabil province, during May-November 2017.The MaxEnt model in GIS software was used for modeling.Results: A total of 2 794 specimens of sand flies were collected, of which 33% were Larroussius subgenus sand flies.Phlebotomus kandelakii and Phlebotomus wenyoni were the highest and lowest collected species respectively.Based on the modeling, four areas in the province were identified with more than 70% probability of the presence of Larroussius group vectors which were at risk of visceral leishmaniasis disease transmission.Conclusions: The distribution of Larroussius subgenus sand flies was observed in all parts of Ardabil.But the northern parts of the province(Germi and Bilesavar counties) as well as central part(Ardabil and Meshkinshahr counties) were of great importance in terms of the presence of Larroussius subgenus sand flies and the possibility of transmission of the visceral leishmaniasis.

关键词： Larroussius subgenus Sand fly Ardabil Modeling Iran

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