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World Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第1期13卷 57-62页

作者： Muhammad Ayaz Mustufa Munir Ahmed Sheikh Ijaz-ul-Haque Taseer Syed Jamal Raza Muhammad Sohail Arshad Tasleem Akhter Ghazala Mohyuddin Arain Sultana Habibuilah Sohail safdar Rukhsana Firdous Muhammad Adnan PMRC Specialized Research Center on Child Health National Institute of Child HealthKarachiPakistan PMRC Research Center Liaquat University of Health and Medical SciencesJamshoroHyderabadPakistan PMRC Research Center Nishtar MedicaI CollegeMultan.Pakistan PMRC Research Center Khyber Medical CollegePeshawarPakistan PMRC Research Center Punjab Medical CollegeFaisalabad.Pakistan PMRC Research Center Dow University of Health Sciences.Karachi.Pakistan PMRC Research Center Bolan Medical CollegeOuettaPakistan PMRc Research Center FJMCLahore.Pakistan.

Background:Considering the fact that Pakistan is amongst the countries with very high neonatal mortality rates,we conducted a research study to determine the possible causes and characteris廿cs of neonates presenting dead to the emergency department of tertiary public health care facilities of Pakistan using verbal ***:A descriptive case series study was conducted in emergency department/pediatrics ward/neonatal ward/nursery unit of ten tertiary care public health facilities,situated in seven malor cities of Pakistan from November,2011 to June。*** verbal autopsy proforma was used to collect information regarding cause of death,family narratives and other associated risks accountable for pathway to mortality.

关键词： autopsy child health services early childhood emergency department use neonatal mortality

Effect of Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices on Some Growth Attributes of Rice

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Rice science 2006年第2期13卷 131-140页

作者： Mohammad safdar BALOCH Inayat Ullah AWAN Gul HASSAN Abdul Aziz KHAKWANI Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan NWFP PakistanDepartment of Biomechanical Systems Faculty of Agriculture Ehime University Tarumi 3-5-7 Matsuyama 790-8566 Japan Weed Science Department NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar 25130 NWFP Pakistan Agricultural Research Institute Dera Ismail Khan NWFP Pakistan)

Studies were carried out for two years to evaluate the effect of methods of sowing and weed control practices on the productivity of transplanted and direct wet-seeded rice in Dera Ismail khan, NWFP, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement. The planting techniques viz. transplanting and direct seeding were maintained in main plots while weed control practices included the use of granular herbicide Sunstar 15WG （ethoxy sulfuron）, Machete 60EC （butachlor）, conventional hand weeding, and the weedy check （control） were assigned to the sub-plots. Data were recorded on weed parameters like weed density and dry weed biomass 60 and 90 days after sowing （DAS）; agronomic parameters including plant population, number of panicles and paddy yield and physiological parameters like leaf area index and net assimilation rate 45 and 90 DAS. The planting methods and weed management significantly influenced most of the parameters studied. The data revealed that the paddy yield and its components were significantly higher in the transplanted method than that in direct-seeded method, while the weed density and biomass were lower in the transplanted plots than the direct-seeded plots. Among weed management tools, the maximum paddy yield was obtained in hand weeding, closely followed by herbicide application Machete 60EC during both cropping seasons.

关键词： rice transplantation direct-seeding herbicides weed population leaf area index net assimilation rate paddy yield

Identification of key gene networks controlling organic acid and sugar metabolism during watermelon fruit development by integrating metabolic phenotypes and gene expression profiles

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 191-203页

作者： Muhammad Jawad Umer Luqman Bin safdar Haileslassie Gebremeskel Shengjie Zhao Pingli Yuan Hongju Zhu M.O.Kaseb Muhammad Anees Xuqiang Lu Nan He Chengsheng Gong Wenge Liu Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHenan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and CucurbitsZhengzhouChina Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430062China

The organoleptic qualities of watermelon fruit are defined by the sugar and organic acid contents,which undergo considerable variations during development and *** molecular mechanisms underlying these variations remain *** this study,we used transcriptome profiles to investigate the coexpression patterns of gene networks associated with sugar and organic acid *** identified 3 gene networks/modules containing 2443 genes highly correlated with sugars and organic *** these modules,based on intramodular significance and Reverse Transcription Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),we identified 7 genes involved in the metabolism of sugars and organic *** these genes,Cla97C01G000640,Cla97C05G087120 and Cla97C01G018840(r^(2)=0.83 with glucose content)were identified as sugar transporters(SWEET,EDR6 and STP)and Cla97C03G064990(r^(2)=0.92 with sucrose content)was identified as a sucrose synthase from information available for other ***,Cla97C07G128420,Cla97C03G068240 and Cla97C01G008870,having strong correlations with malic(r^(2)=0.75)and citric acid(r^(2)=0.85),were annotated as malate and citrate transporters(ALMT7,CS,and ICDH).The expression profiles of these 7 genes in diverse watermelon genotypes revealed consistent patterns of expression variation in various types of *** findings add significantly to our existing knowledge of sugar and organic acid metabolism in watermelon.

关键词： metabolism sugar networks

Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensing of Bisphenol A in Drinking Water and Milk Using Bimetallic Nickel-Copper Metal–Organic Framework

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第4期8卷 451-465页

作者： Baban Dey Md.Wasi Ahmad Refat Al-Shannaq Jehan Y.Al-Humaidi S.K.safdar Hossain Chandra N.Patra Raed H.Althomali Mohammed M.Rahman Arup Choudhury Department of Chemical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringDhofar University Department of Chemistry College of SciencePrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Department of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal University Analytical Chemistry Division Chemistry GroupBhabha Atomic Research Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Department of Chemistry College of Art and SciencePrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University

In recent years, there have been concerns about the toxicity of bisphenol A(BPA) in food packaging materials due to the potential endocrine disrupting effects it may have on humans, especially children and infants. In this present investigation, a free-standing nickel-copper pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid(PDA) metal organic framework(MOF) anchored carbon nanofiber paper(Ni-Cu(PDA)MOF/CNF) was synthesized for the sensing and quantify the BPA analytes in milk and water. As-prepared bimetallic MOF hybrid materials are extremely porous, hydrophilic in nature with a huge surface area. This allows for the easy pathway of analyte molecules, which react with the redox-active metal sites of MOF matrix and enhance the sensitivity. During electrocatalysis reaction, various functional groups present in the MOF system can also act as dynamic adsorption sites. In the neutral medium(pH = 7.0), the Ni-Cu(PDA)MOF/CNF modified glassy carbon electrode(Ni-Cu(PDA)MOF/CNF/GCE) ascertained good catalytic activity and strong electrochemical sensitivity toward BPA with higher sensitivity value and lower limit of detection(LOD) value. The irreversible and diffusion-controlled oxidation reactions of BPA were observed. The bimetallic MOF modified electrode displayed an extensive linear ranging from 1 to 150 μmol/L with a LOD of 75 n mol/L for BPA detection. The MOF anchored electrode displayed exceptional anti-interference property, reproducibility and good storage stability up to one month. It is notable that the Ni-Cu(PDA)MOF/CNF/GCE has proved the competence of detecting BPA in milk and drinking water samples, which displayed satisfactory outcomes with chromatographic analysis.

关键词： Bisphenol A Carbon nanofiber Electrochemical sensor Limit of detection Nickel-copper MOF

Optimal Placement of Distribution Generation Sources in Hybrid Generation Network

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2021年第5期12卷 65-80页

作者： Danish Ali Ward Ul Hijaz Paul Md safdar Ali Mubassir Ahmad Haroon Ashfaq Department of Electrical Engineering Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India

The ideal places and size of the distribution generators were determined by reducing the loss of power in the distribution networks. The ideal positioning of various kinds of DGs has been suggested in the current job. In this job, the ideal power factor for DG supply has been acquired, both the active power as well as the reactive power. In the proposed approach, different types of distribution generation (DG) supply both reactive and real power. For the optimal placement of DG sources, particle swarm optimization techniques have been used in this job. Each of these innovations has its own strengths and drawbacks. Most of the methods that have been proposed so far to formulate DG’s optimum placement problem only consider Type-I DGs, Type-II and Type-III DGs that are considered for optimal position in the existing research. In the reference, artificial bee colony algorithm was used to determine sites of DGs and condenser combinations and optimal size. The author used PSO method in the reference to determine the appropriate positioning of the DG’s and to maximize the savings of power loss and voltage profile in the distribution network.

关键词： Distribution Generators Renewable Integration Optimal Allocation Particle Swarm Optimization

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Quasicrystals

Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2012年第1期2卷 7-14页

作者： Feridoun Samavat Mohammad Hossein Tavakoli safdar Habibi Babak Jaleh Parisa Taravati Ahmad Department of Physics Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran

Quasicrystals are material with perfect long-range order, but with no three-dimensional translation periodicity. They are typically binary and ternary metallic alloys. Quasicrystals have characteristic physical properties. Some resemble those of periodic crystals while others have similar properties to amorphous alloys. Many of their mechanical physical prop- erties are quite unusual by the standards of common metals. The peculiar physical properties of quasicrystals certainly give rise to the hope that they may become of some practical importance in the future. Some of these properties are surface related. This provides the main motivation for surface scientists to study this material. In this paper;quasicrystals, types of them, physical properties, surface science and potential applications of them have been discussed.

关键词： Quasicrstals Icosahedral Quasicrystals Polygonal Quasicrystals Aperiodic Intermetallics

A mathematical model to assess the impact of testing and isolation compliance on the transmission of COVID-19

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第2期8卷 427-444页

作者： Shasha Gao Pant Binod Chidozie Williams Chukwu Theophilus Kwofie Salman safdar Lora Newman Seoyun Choe Bimal Kumar Datta Wisdom Kwame Attipoe Wenjing Zhang P.van den Driessche School of Mathematics and Statistics Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang330000JiangxiChina Department of Mathematics University of FloridaGainesville32611FLUSA Department of Mathematics University of MarylandCollege Park20742MDUSA Department of Mathematics Wake Forest UniversityWinston-Salem27109NCUSA School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempe85287AZUSA Department of Mathematical Sciences University of CincinnatiCincinnati45221OHUSA Department of Mathematics University of Central FloridaOrlando32816FLUSA Department of Mathematical Sciences Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca Raton33431FLUSA Department of Mathematics Clarkson UniversityPotsdam13699NYUSA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech UniversityLubbock79409TXUSA Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of VictoriaVictoriaV8W 2Y2B.CCanada

The COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged global health and national economies *** and isolation are effective control strategies to mitigate the transmission of COVID-19,especially in the early stage of the disease *** this paper,we develop a deterministic model to investigate the impact of testing and compliance with isolation on the transmission of *** derive the control reproduction number R_(C),which gives the threshold for disease elimination or *** data from New York State in the early stage of the disease outbreak,we estimate R_(C)=7:*** elasticity and sensitivity analyses show that testing and compliance with isolation are significant in reducing R_(C) and disease *** reveals that only high testing volume combined with a large proportion of individuals complying with isolation have great impact on mitigating the *** testing starting date is also crucial:the earlier testing is implemented,the more impact it has on reducing the *** results obtained here would also be helpful in developing guidelines of early control strategies for pandemics similar to COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Testing Compliance Isolation New York state

Rethinking Strategies to Address Inequity in Immunization Services towards Achieving Universal Immunization Coverage (UIC) in Karachi, Pakistan

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World Journal of Vaccines 2021年第4期11卷 39-49页

作者： Iqbal Hossain Tariq Masood Akram Sultan Rana safdar Hamidreza Setayesh Lora Shimp Soofia Younus Immunization Center JSI Arlington VA USA JSI Karachi Pakistan EPI Karachi Pakistan EPI Islamabad Pakistan Gavi Geneva Switzerland

Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan, having high population growth and a complex health care environment, has highest density of unimmunized (zero dose) and under-immunized children. The main reasons of low immunization coverage in Karachi were lack of governance and accountability in a duplicative and fragmented health management structure, weak and inequitable immunization services, and lack of demand and trust among people for immunization services. The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), Ministry of Health (MOH) in Sindh Province spearheaded a structured and collaborative process to develop strategies for addressing inequity in immunization services towards achieving Universal Immunization Coverage (UIC) in Karachi. The process included a situation analysis with gathering quantitative and qualitative information on the root causes of zero-dose and inequity of the immunization services. The strategies and interventions were developed with multi-layer input and feedback of the stakeholders and partners, and focusing primarily to address gaps in three program areas: governance, leadership and accountability;immunization service delivery;and building demand and trust among the people. The interventions were further prioritized for high-risk areas;identified based on maximum number zero-dose children, presence of large slum areas, measles outbreak and on-going circulation of wild poliovirus. Finally, costing for the Roadmap activities was done through consultation with partners and aligning domestic and external (donor) resources. In this paper, we have highlighted the unique process the Sindh Government undertook in collaboration with the stakeholders and partners to develop strategies and interventions for addressing inequity in urban immunization services in Karachi towards achieving Universal Immunization Coverage (UIC). Similar processes can be adapted, as a potential model, for developing strategies to achieve universal health coverage in the cities of

关键词： Urban Immunization Inequity Strategies Roadmap Universal Immunization Coverage

发展中国家对共享自动驾驶汽车的公众看法和偏好 ——对巴基斯坦和中国的跨国研究

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发展中国家对共享自动驾驶汽车的公众看法和偏好 ——对巴基斯坦...

作者：萨夫（Muhammad safdar）大连理工大学

学位级别：硕士

私人交通的迅速发展被认为是交通拥堵,交通事故和环境问题的主要原因之一。来自交通运输部门的温室气体排放量(GHG)占总排放量的27%,而由人为因素造成的交通事故占比为90%。在未来的几年中,共享自动驾驶汽车(SAVs)将作为一种新的公共交... 详细信息

私人交通的迅速发展被认为是交通拥堵,交通事故和环境问题的主要原因之一。来自交通运输部门的温室气体排放量(GHG)占总排放量的27%,而由人为因素造成的交通事故占比为90%。在未来的几年中,共享自动驾驶汽车(SAVs)将作为一种新的公共交通出行概念逐渐兴起,能够为出行者提供与私人汽车相同水平的便利和收益,从而可能会彻底改变交通运输系统、出行需求和生活方式。尽管SAVs可能会首先在发达国家中引入,但它们在发展中国家的潜在市场和应用前景也不容忽视。本项研究旨在调查发展中国家SAVs的公众态度以及公众接受度的影响因素,调查对象为拥有不同经济文化的中国和巴基斯坦。由于SAVs尚未在市场上出售,所以本文采用了叙述性偏好调查的方法,以深入了解出行者的出行行为和出行选择偏好。本研究使用问卷主要包含对新技术的知晓度,接受态度,使用意愿和社会经济属性四部分的问题,总共收集了1058份有效问卷,来自巴基斯坦拉合尔市和中国大连市分别为612份和446份。本文采用多项式逻辑回归模型(MNL)和混合多项式逻辑回归模型(MMNL)用于数据分析和解释。结果表明,与MNL模型相比,MMNL模型中数据的拟合度较好。研究发现,与拉合尔市和大连市的SAVs显着相关的通用属性主要为步行距离、出行时间和出行费用。就社会经济属性而言,例如年龄,性别和收入,在两个城市中对SAVs的公众接受度都有重要的影响。此外,中国的就业人员更愿意采用SAVs,而巴基斯坦拉合尔市没有私家车且拥有驾照的人更易使用SAVs。本项研究能够为决策者提供政策基准,有效指导SAVs的未来应用。

关键词：共享自动驾驶汽车公众接受度叙述性偏好调查离散选择模型发展中国家

煤炭腐植酸作为土壤改良剂对土壤物理性质和小麦产量的影响

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腐植酸 2016年第3期 26-32页

作者： Ijaz Ahmad safdar Ali Khalid Saifullah khan Fayyazul Hassan Kashif Bashir 何一通孙志梅巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第PMAS干旱农业大学土壤和土壤水资源保护学院拉瓦尔品第46000 巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第PMAS干旱农业大学农学院拉瓦尔品第46000 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院保定071000

在巴基斯坦旁遮普的波特瓦地区(33°N,74°E),集约化土壤耕作,土壤侵蚀和低量作物残体的投入是导致土壤结构退化的原因。结构不稳定的土壤很容易受到侵蚀,反过来,土壤侵蚀又会造成作物产量的下降。因此,为了改善土壤的物理性状,在巴基... 详细信息

在巴基斯坦旁遮普的波特瓦地区(33°N,74°E),集约化土壤耕作,土壤侵蚀和低量作物残体的投入是导致土壤结构退化的原因。结构不稳定的土壤很容易受到侵蚀,反过来,土壤侵蚀又会造成作物产量的下降。因此,为了改善土壤的物理性状,在巴基斯坦旁遮普的干旱地区进行了田间试验。试验地点位于大学(拉瓦尔品第PMAS干旱农业大学)研究农场的园区内。2种不同等级(实验室级和商品级)的腐植酸(HA)各分8个水平,施用2年,处理分别为HL_0(对照,不施腐植酸),HL_1 10 kg HA/hm^2,HL_2 20 kg HA/hm^2,HL_3 30 kg HA/hm^2,HL_4 60 kg HA/hm^2,HL_5 90 kg HA/hm^2,HL_6 120 kg HA/hm^2和HL_7 150 kg HA/hm^2,各处理同时配合施用N-P-K(120-90-60 kg/hm^2)。试验期间,检测土壤总有机碳、饱和导水率、团聚体稳定性、容重、土壤含水量和作物产量。试验结果表明,腐植酸能通过影响土壤总有机碳、饱和导水率、团聚体稳定性、容重和土壤含水量等指标来改善土壤的物理性状。2年试验结果均表现为,实验室级的腐植酸比商品级的腐植酸能更好地改善土壤物理性状,从而提高小麦产量。2种不同级别的腐植酸各施用水平与对照相比,差异均显著。在120 kg/hm^2和150 kg/hm^2的腐植酸施用水平下,大多数指标均显示出了相似的结果,因此,从经济角度考虑,120 k g/hm^2的腐植酸用量为最佳施用量。

关键词：实验室级腐植酸饱和导水率团聚体稳定性土壤有机碳小麦产量