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The Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Cloud Types and Phases in the Arctic Based on CloudSat and CALIPSO Cloud Classification Products

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 310-324页

作者： Yue sun Huiling YANG Hui XIAO Liang FENG Wei cheng Libo ZHOU Weixi SHU Jingzhe sun Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms(LACS) and Department of Lower Atmospheric Observation Research(LAOR)Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)Beijing 100049China Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology Beijing 100029China

The cloud type product 2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR based on CloudSat and CALIPSO from June 2006 to May 2017 is used to examine the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and interannual variability of eight cloud types(high cloud, altostratus, altocumulus, stratus, stratocumulus, cumulus, nimbostratus, and deep convection) and three phases(ice,mixed, and water) in the Arctic. Possible reasons for the observed interannual variability are also discussed. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) More water clouds occur on the Atlantic side, and more ice clouds occur over continents.(2)The average spatial and seasonal distributions of cloud types show three patterns: high clouds and most cumuliform clouds are concentrated in low-latitude locations and peak in summer;altostratus and nimbostratus are concentrated over and around continents and are less abundant in summer;stratocumulus and stratus are concentrated near the inner Arctic and peak during spring and autumn.(3) Regional averaged interannual frequencies of ice clouds and altostratus clouds significantly decrease, while those of water clouds, altocumulus, and cumulus clouds increase significantly.(4) Significant features of the linear trends of cloud frequencies are mainly located over ocean areas.(5) The monthly water cloud frequency anomalies are positively correlated with air temperature in most of the troposphere, while those for ice clouds are negatively correlated.(6) The decrease in altostratus clouds is associated with the weakening of the Arctic front due to Arctic warming, while increased water vapor transport into the Arctic and higher atmospheric instability lead to more cumulus and altocumulus clouds.

关键词： CloudSat and CALIPSO cloud type cloud phase temporal and spatial distribution interannual variation

Advances of machine learning in materials science: Ideas and techniques

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 155-194页

作者： Sue Sin Chong yi Sheng Ng Hui-Qiong Wang Jin-cheng Zheng Department of New Energy Science and Engineering Xiamen University MalaysiaSepang 43900Malaysia Engineering Research Center of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ministry of EducationFujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and ApplicationsCI Center for OSEDand Department of PhysicsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

In this big data era, the use of large dataset in conjunction with machine learning (ML) has been increasingly popular in both industry and academia. In recent times, the field of materials science is also undergoing a big data revolution, with large database and repositories appearing everywhere. Traditionally, materials science is a trial-and-error field, in both the computational and experimental departments. With the advent of machine learning-based techniques, there has been a paradigm shift: materials can now be screened quickly using ML models and even generated based on materials with similar properties;ML has also quietly infiltrated many sub-disciplinary under materials science. However, ML remains relatively new to the field and is expanding its wing quickly. There are a plethora of readily-available big data architectures and abundance of ML models and software;The call to integrate all these elements in a comprehensive research procedure is becoming an important direction of material science research. In this review, we attempt to provide an introduction and reference of ML to materials scientists, covering as much as possible the commonly used methods and applications, and discussing the future possibilities.

关键词： machine learning materials science

Synergy of phosphorus vacancies and build-in electric field into NiCo/NiCoP Mott-Schottky integrated electrode for enhanced water splitting performance

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 604-610页

作者： Xiaochen Zhang Hui Xue Jing sun Niankun Guo Tianshan Song Jiawen sun yi-Ru Hao Qin Wang College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China

Vacancy engineering and Mott-Schottky heterostructure can accelerate charge transfer,regulate adsorption energy of reaction intermediates,and provide additional active sites,which are regarded as valid means for improving catalytic ***,the underlying mechanism of synergistic regulation of interfacial charge transfer and optimization of electrocatalytic activity by combining vacancy and Mott-Schottky junction remains ***,the growth of a bifunctional NiCo/NiCoP Mott-Schottky electrode with abundant phosphorus vacancies on foam nickel(NF)has been synthesized through continuous phosphating and reduction *** obtained NiCo/NiCoP heterojunctions show remarkable OER and HER activities,and the overpotentials for OER and HER are as low as 117 and 60 mV at 10 mA/cm^(2) in 1 mol/L KOH,***,as both the cathode and anode of overall water splitting,the voltage of the bifunctional NiCo/NiCoP electrocatalyst is 1.44 V at 10 mA/cm^(2),which are far exceeding the benchmark commercial *** theoretical calculation results confirm that the phosphorus vacancies and build-in electric field can effectively accelerate ion and electron transfer between NiCo alloy and NiCoP semiconductor,tailor the electronic structure of the metal centers and lower the Gibbs free energy of the ***,the unique self-supported integrated structure is beneficial to facilitate the exposure of the active site,avoid catalyst shedding,thus improving the activity and structural stability of NiCo/*** study provides an avenue for the controllable synthesis and performance optimization of Mott-Schottky electrocatalysts.

关键词： Mott-Schottky Build-in electric field Phosphorus vacancies Phosphides Overall water splitting

Rapid Unconscious Acquisition of Conditioned Fear with Low-Spatial-Frequency but Emotionally Neutral Stimuli

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 753-762页

作者： Yujie Chen Si Chen Zhongju sun Xilei Zhang Xiangyong Yuan Liang Wang yi Jiang State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyInstitute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

It has long been proposed that emotionally“prepared”(i.e.,fear-related)stimuli are privileged in the unconscious acquisition of conditioned ***,as fear processing is suggested to highly depend on the coarse,low-spatial-frequency(LSF)components of the fear-related stimuli,it is plausible that LSF may play a unique role in the unconscious fear conditioning even with emotionally neutral ***,we provided empirical evidence that,following classical fear conditioning,an invisible,emotionally neutral conditioned stimulus(CS+)with LSF,but not with high spatial frequency(HSF),can rapidly elicit stronger skin conductance responses(SCRs)and larger pupil diameters than its CS−*** comparison,consciously perceived emotionally neutral CS+with LSF and HSF elicited comparable *** together,these results support that the unconscious fear conditioning does not necessarily entail emotionally prepared stimuli but prioritizes LSF information processing and highlight the crucial distinctions between the unconscious and the conscious fear *** findings not only coincide with the postulation that a rapid,spatial-frequency-dependent subcortical route is engaged in unconscious fear processing but also suggest the existence of multiple routes for conscious fear processing.

关键词： neutral necessarily diameters

Interfacial friction effects on sealing performances of elastomer packer

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2037-2047页

作者： Peng-cheng Wang Ming-Hui Chen Jim Jenkinson Yong-Xin Song Li sun Department of Mechanical Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX77024USA Guren Nanomaterials Suzhou215127JiangsuChina Department of Marine Engineering Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian116026LiaoningChina

Elastomer sealing performance is of critical importance for downhole tools application including the use of fracturing(Frac)plugs during multi-stage hydraulic *** practice sealing performances of such plugs are normally evaluated through pressure tests,and in numerical simulation studies,maximum contact stress,average contact stress and contact length data are used to determine sealing quality between a packer and *** previous studies,the impact of friction forces on sealing performance is often *** work aims to fill this knowledge gap in determining the influence of friction forces on elastomer packer sealing *** first determined the most appropriate constitutive hyperelastic model for the elastomers used in frac *** we compared analytical calculation results with Finite Element Analysis simulation using a simplified tubular geometry and showed the significant influences on interfacial friction on elastomer packer stress distribution,deformation,and contact stress after *** the demonstration of validity of FEA method,we conducted systematic numerical simulation studies to show how the interfacial friction coefficients can affect the maximum contact stress,average contact stress,contact stress distribution,and maximum mises stress for an actual packer used in plug *** addition,we also demonstrated how the groove in a packer can affect packer deformation and evolvement during setting with the consideration of interfacial *** study underscores the critical role that friction forces play in Frac plug performance and provides a new dimension for optimizing packer design by controlling interfacial interactions at the packer contact surfaces.

关键词： Elastomer seal Friction Sealing performance Contact stress

Effect of multiple coulomb scattering on the beam tests of silicon pixel detectors

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 200-207页

作者： Lan-Kun Li Ming-yi Dong Ze Gao Liang-cheng-Long Jin Shu-Jun Zhao School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics(Institute of High Energy Physics CAS)Beijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049China University of South China Hengyang 421001China

In the research and development of new silicon pixel detectors,a collimated monoenergetic charged-particle test beam equipped with a high-resolution pixel-beam telescope is crucial for prototype verification and performance *** the beam energy is low,the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering on the measured resolution of the Device Under Test(DUT)must be considered to accurately evaluate the performance of the pixel chips and *** study aimed to investigate the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering on the measured resolution,particularly at low beam *** were conducted using Allpix^(2) to study the effects of multiple Coulomb scattering under different beam energies,material budgets,and telescope *** simulations also provided the minimum energy at which the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering could be *** with the results of a five-layer detector system tested with an electron beam at DESY,the simulation results were consistent with the beam test results,confirming the reliability of the simulations.

关键词： Silicon Pixel Detectors Beam Telescope Multiple Coulomb Scattering Spatial Resolution

Anomalous bond lengthening in compressed magnetic doped semiconductor Ba(Zn_(0.95)Mn_(0.05))_(2)As_(2)

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第4期45卷 36-41页

作者： Fei sun yi Peng Guoqiang Zhao Xiancheng Wang Zheng Deng Changqing Jin Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing 100094Chin

Applying pressure has been evidenced as an effective method to control the properties of semiconductors,owing to its capability to modify the band configuration around Fermi ***,structural evolutions under external pres-sures are required to analyze the *** high-pressure structure of a magnetic doped semiconductor Ba(Zn_(0.95)Mn_(0.05))_(2)As_(2)is studied with combination of in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffractions and diamond anvil *** materials become ferromagnetic with Curie temperature of 105 K after further 20%K *** title material undergoes an isostruc-tural phase transition at around 19 *** the transition pressure,it is remarkable to find lengthening of Zn/Mn-As bond within Zn/MnAs layers,since chemical bonds are generally shortened with applying *** with the bond stretch,interlayer As-As distances become shorter and the As-As dimers form after the phase *** further compres-sion,Zn/Mn-As bond becomes shortened due to the recovery of isotropic compression on the Zn/MnAs layers.

关键词： magnetic semiconductor high-pressure in-situ X-ray diffraction phase transition

Two-dimensional layered In_(2)P_(3)S_(9): A novel superior anode material for sodium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 294-304,I0008页

作者： Longsheng Zhong Hongneng Chen Yanzhe Sheng yiting sun Yanhe Xiao Baochang cheng Shuijin Lei School of Physics and Materials Science Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330031JiangxiChina

Developing reliable and efficient anode materials is essential for the successfully practical application of sodium-ion ***,employing a straightforward and rapid chemical vapor deposition technique,two-dimensional layered ternary indium phosphorus sulfide(In_(2)P_(3)S_(9)) nanosheets are *** layered structure and ternary composition of the In_(2)P_(3)S_(9) electrode result in impressive electrochemical performance,including a high reversible capacity of 704 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1),an outstanding rate capability with 425 mA h g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1),and an exceptional cycling stability with a capacity retention of88% after 350 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).Furthermore,sodium-ion full cell also affords a high capacity of 308 and114 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 and 5 A g^(-1).Ex-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy tests are conducted to investigate the underlying Na-storage mechanism of In_(2)P_(3)S_(9).The results reveal that during the first cycle,the P-S bond is broken to form the elemental P and In_(2)S_(3),collectively contributing to a remarkably high reversible specific *** excellent electrochemical energy storage results corroborate the practical application potential of In_(2)P_(3)S_(9) for sodium-ion batteries.

关键词： Metal thiophosphate In_(2)P_(3)S_(9) Anode material Sodium-ion battery Full cell

Mechanism of capture section affecting an intake for atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第1期37卷 51-63页

作者： Siyuan ZHANG Jinyuan YANG cheng LI Haolin LI Liwei ZHANG Liang DING Anbang sun State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment School of Electrical EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China China Academy of Aerospace Science and Innovation Beijing 100049China

Atmosphere-Breathing Electric Propulsion(ABEP)can compensate for lost momentum of spacecraft operating in Very Low Earth Orbit(VLEO)which has been widely concerned due to its excellent commercial *** is a key technology to improve the capture efficiency of intakes,which collect and compress the atmosphere for *** this paper,the mechanism of the capture section affecting capture efficiency is investigated by Test Particle Monte Carlo(TPMC)simulations with 3D intake *** inner surface smoothness and average collision number are determined to be key factors affecting capture efficiency,and a negative effect growth model is accordingly *** the inner surface smoothness is less than 0.2,the highest capture efficiency and its corresponding average collision number interval are independent of the capture section’s geometry and its mesh *** the inner surface smoothness is higher than 0.2,the capture efficiency will decrease by installing any capture *** on the present results,the manufacturing process and material selection are suggested to be prioritized during the intake geometry design in engineering ***,the highest capture efficiency can be achieved by adjusting the length and mesh size of the capture section.

关键词： Atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion Capture efficiency Capture section Intake Test particle Monte Carlo Very low earth orbit