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南非制定《初级医疗卫生系统处方集》的经验

中国执业药师 2009年第9期6卷 52-53页

作者： Monika Zweygarth Robert s.summers 国家食品药品监督管理局药品评价中心

2002年10月，WHO公布了纸质和电子版《示范处方集》，它包括WHO基本药物示范日录中全部325种药品的信息，这成为各个国家或医疗机构制定处方集的基础。例如，以诚信为宗旨的非政府组织“慈善之船”就在WHO示范处方集的基础上，形成了自... 详细信息

2002年10月，WHO公布了纸质和电子版《示范处方集》，它包括WHO基本药物示范日录中全部325种药品的信息，这成为各个国家或医疗机构制定处方集的基础。例如，以诚信为宗旨的非政府组织“慈善之船”就在WHO示范处方集的基础上，形成了自己的药品信息厍，并将其用于该组织在发展中国家服务的医疗船上。该处方集强调用药剂量和适应证，可以免费从网上以Ms Word文档的格式获得。本文介绍了南非以《WHO示范处方集》为基础编制初级医疗卫生用处方集的经验。

关键词：医疗卫生系统处方集南非非政府组织药品信息发展中国家 WHO 基本药物

Reaction of Oxidized CuZnsOD with Polyphenols

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Natural science 2016年第8期8卷 359-379页

作者： Jack s. summers Benjamin Hickman Megan E. Arrington Bradley s. stadelman Julia L. Brumaghim Michelle R. Yost Jeffrey D. schmitt Mariah Hornby stacy sprague Department of Chemistry and Physics Western Carolina University Cullowhee NC USA Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson SC USA The Bent Creek Institute The North Carolina Arboretum Asheville NC USA

several polyphenolic compounds, including twelve flavonols and a variety of lower molecular weight compounds were found to diminish the effects of CuZnsOD on NMR relaxation of fluoride ion in a pH and concentration dependent manner. While we originally thought the effect arose from binding of the compounds to the enzyme active site, several lines of evidence indicated that active polyphenols reduced the paramagnetic copper(II) form of the enzyme to the diamagnetic copper(I) form, thereby giving false positive indications of enzyme inhibition in the NMR assay. First, docking experiments failed to provide a satisfactory explanation of the sAR. second, effects on the enzyme’s EPR spectrum indicated that catechols could bind the active site copper leading to enzyme reduction. Third, while these reactions did not proceed to completion in aerobic solution, they did so under inert atmosphere. Fourth, experiments employing superoxide producing compounds demonstrated that loss of NMR activity did not prevent the enzyme from redox cycling. Thus, while the polyphenols appeared to inhibit the enzyme in the NMR assay, the compounds did not inhibit the enzyme’s reactions with superoxide.

关键词： Paramagnetic NMR sOD Polyphenol Flavonol

Zwitterionic peptides:Tunable next-generation stealth nanoparticle modifications

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第9期27卷 113-124页

作者： Clyde Overby soomin Park Austin summers Danielle s.W.Benoit Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNYUSA Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of RochesterRochesterNYUSA Department of Biology University of Rochester RochesterNYUSA Department of Biology Duquesne UniversityPAUSA Department of Chemical Engineering University of RochesterRochesterNYUSA Materials science Program University of RochesterRochesterNYUSA Knight Campus for Accelerating scientific Impact Department of BioengineeringUniversity of OregonEugeneORUSA

Adsorption of proteins to nanoparticles(NPs),a complex process that results in a protein corona,is controlled by NP surface properties that define NP interactions in vivo.Efforts to control adsorbed protein quantity through surface modification have led to improvements in circulation time or biodistribution.still,current approaches have yet to be identified to control adsorbed protein identities within the corona.Here,we report the development and characterization of diverse zwitterionic peptides(ZIPs)for NP anti-fouling surface functionalization with specific and controllable affinity for protein adsorption profiles defined by ZIP sequence.Through serum exposure of ZIP-conjugated NPs and proteomics analysis of the resulting corona,we determined that protein adsorption profiles depend not on the exact composition of the ZIPs but on the sequence and order of charges along the sequence(charge motif).These findings pave the way for developing tunable ZIPs to orchestrate specific ZIP-NP protein adsorption profiles as a function of ZIP charge motif to better control cell and tissue specificity and pharmacokinetics and provide new tools for investigating relationships between protein corona and biological function.Furthermore,overall ZIP diversity enabled by the diversity of amino acids may ameliorate adaptive immune responses.

关键词： Nanoparticles Protein corona surface functionalization Peptide design Cellular uptake

Regression of recurrent granulosa cell tumor liver metastases following selective internal radiation therapy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2023年第4期22卷 406-408页

作者： Omar A Mownah John D Leahy Jeffrey summers stephen M Gregory Nigel D Heaton Institute of Liver studies King’s Healthcare PartnersKing’s College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustDenmark HillLondon SE59RSUK Department of Oncology Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS TrustMaidstone ME169QQUK

Granulosa cell tumor(GCT)is the most common sex cordstromal tumor,comprising 5%of all ovarian malignancies[1].The disease course is indolent,and the majority of cases present at stage 1.However,metastases may develop with potential sites being peritoneum,lung,brain,liver and bone[2].Due to the rarity of the disease,published evidence for management of granulosa cell tumor liver metastases(GCTLM)is limited.surgical resection is the optimal treatment in instances where there is a high chance of achieving complete resection[3].With regards to unresectable GCTLM there is a paucity of evidence to guide treatment strategy.

关键词： metastases liver lung

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论影响先例的机构性因素

法律方法 2020年第2期26卷 111-130页

作者： [意]米歇尔·塔瑞夫王荣余(译) 帕维亚大学西南政法大学行政法学院

先例之内容与效力受机构性因素影响。先例创制权、创制方式、先例认定及其使用与司法制度的结构、各个法院在该结构中所处的位置以及它们在各自法律制度中所发挥的功能之间关联密切;其中,最高法院判决案件时的基本取向以及对案件的挑选... 详细信息

先例之内容与效力受机构性因素影响。先例创制权、创制方式、先例认定及其使用与司法制度的结构、各个法院在该结构中所处的位置以及它们在各自法律制度中所发挥的功能之间关联密切;其中,最高法院判决案件时的基本取向以及对案件的挑选发挥着重要作用。先例是建立在判决理由之上的,判决的架构策略以及判决意见书的撰写方式不仅会影响到先例本身,而且还影响到它们如何被后来的法官所使用。由于只有一个已公布的判决才有可能成为先例,判决汇编的方式基本就决定了先例的性质,以及它在不同领域和不同人群中的使用方式。当然,先例之差别和变化的存在并不否定大量使用先例这一愈加普遍化的趋势。

关键词：先例法院组织结构最高法院裁判风格判例汇编

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西咪替丁诱发急性小管间质性肾炎

中华肾脏病杂志 1987年第3期03卷 131-132,F4页

作者：陈泽仪 Ainsworth s K Mc Fadden N R Pilia P A Nash M L summers R s Brackett N C 美国south Carolina医科大学美国Georgia州Candler General医院上海第二医科大学瑞金医院临床免疫室

本文报告一例西咪替丁治疗胃食道反流后发生的急性间质性肾炎。诊断经肾活检证实。停用西咪替丁后, 临床症状缓解肾功能恢复正常。西咪替丁治疗开始后一月血清硷性磷酸酶增高。临床病程, 肾脏病理, 实验室变化以及肾炎与用药和停药间的... 详细信息

本文报告一例西咪替丁治疗胃食道反流后发生的急性间质性肾炎。诊断经肾活检证实。停用西咪替丁后, 临床症状缓解肾功能恢复正常。西咪替丁治疗开始后一月血清硷性磷酸酶增高。临床病程, 肾脏病理, 实验室变化以及肾炎与用药和停药间的关系均证实该病例的间质性肾炎系西咪替丁所致。

关键词：急性病肾炎/化学诱导西咪替丁/副作用

CONTROLLED ANIONIC sYNTHEsIs OF FUNCTIONALIZED AND sTAR-BRANCHED POLYMERs

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 1990年第2期8卷 97-107页

作者： RODERIC P. QUIRK GABRIEL summers KIM Jungahn LAUREL E. sCHOCK Institute of Polymer science University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 U. S. A.Institute of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 U. S. A.Institute of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 U. S. A.Institute of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 U. S. A.

The use of living, alkyllithium-initiated anionic polymerization to prepare chain-end functionalized polymers and heteroarm, star-branched polymers is discussed. The scope and limitations of specific termination reactions with a variety of electrophilic species are illustrated for carbonation, hydroxyethylation, amination, and sulfonation. The methodology of using substituted 1,1-diphenylethylenes to provide a general, quantitative functionalization procedure is outlined and illustrated with examples of amine and phenol end-functionalization. A methodology is described for the synthesis of functionalized, star-branched copolymers with compositionally heterogeneous arms of controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution using 1, 3-bis(1-pbenylethenyl) benzene.

关键词： Poly CONTROLLED ANIONIC sYNTHEsIs OF FUNCTIONALIZED AND sTAR-BRANCHED POLYMERs sTAR

sitagliptin in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第1期23卷 141-150页

作者： Tisha R Joy Charles A McKenzie Rommel G Tirona Kelly summers shannon seney subrata Chakrabarti Neel Malhotra Melanie D Beaton Department of Medicine Division of EndocrinologySt.Joseph’s HospitalWestern University Department of Medical Biophysics Western University Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Western University Department of Microbiology and Immunology Western University Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Western University Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyLondon Health Sciences CentreWestern University

AIM To evaluate the effect of sitagliptin vs placebo on histologic and non-histologic parameters of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NAsH).METHODs Twelve patients with biopsy-proven NAsH were randomized to sitagliptin(100 mg daily)(n=6)or placebo(n=6)for 24 wk.The primary outcome was improvement in liver fibrosis after 24 wk.secondary outcomes included evaluation of changes in NAFLD activity score(NAs),individual components of NAs(hepatocyte ballooning,lobular inflammation,and steatosis),glycemic control and insulin resistance[including measurements of glycated hemoglobin(Hb A1C)and adipocytokines],lipid profile including free fatty acids,adipose distribution measured using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and thrombosis markers(platelet aggregation and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels).We also sought to determine the correlation between changes in hepatic fat fraction(%)[as measured using the Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-squares estimation(IDEAL)MRI technique]and changes in hepatic steatosis on liver biopsy.REsULTs sitagliptin was not significantly better than placebo at reducing liver fibrosis score as measured on liver biopsy(mean difference between sitagliptin and placebo arms,0.40,P=0.82).There were no significant improvements evident with the use of sitagliptin vs placebo for the secondary histologic outcomes of NAs total score as well as for the individual components of NAs.Compared to baseline,those patients who received sitagliptin demonstrated improved Hb A1C(6.7%±0.4%vs 7.9%±1.0%,P=0.02),and trended towards improved adiponectin levels(4.7±3.5μg/m L vs 3.9±2.7μg/m L,P=0.06)and triglyceride levels(1.26±0.43 mmol/L vs 2.80±1.64 mmol/L,P=0.08).However,when compared with placebo,sitagliptin did not cause a statistically significant improvement in Hb A1C(mean difference,-0.7%,P=0.19)nor triglyceride levels(mean difference-1.10mmol/L,P=0.19)but did trend towards improved adiponectin levels only(mean difference,0.60μg/m L,P=0.095).No significant changes in anthropom

关键词： sitagliptin 使随机化的控制试用非酒精的脂肪肝疾病非酒精的 steatohepatitis 纤维变性磁性的回声成像肝的脂肪变性胰岛素抵抗血小板聚集

Foreword to ＂A Comparative study of Two Global Crises＂

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Frontiers of Economics in China-selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2015年第3期10卷 393-395页

作者： Graham Allison Lawrence summers 1John FKennedy school of Government Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA 2Department of Economics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA

For the past decade, Liu He has been an influential economist and policy advisor in Beijing. An alumnus of the Harvard Kennedy school （MPA ＇95）, Liu was a trusted advisor to President Hu Jintao during the global financial crisis of 2008. since Xi Jinping became president in 2012, he has emerged as Xi＇s right-hand man on economic policy. As head of the Office of the Central Leading Group on Financial and Economic Affairs, comparable to the National Economic Council in the United states, Liu frames policy options for the Politburo standing Committee and has been named in the press as ＂chief architect＂ of the major reform program announced at the conclusion of the Third Plenum in November 2013. At the summit between Presidents Obama and Xi at sunnylands, Liu was one of two assistants President Xi included in the conversations.

关键词： Great Depression, 1929-1939 Great Recession, 2008-2013 Technological revolution Free enterprise Economic conditions in China, 2000- Economic development -- China Balance of power