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Effect of High-Intensity Intermittent Hypoxic Training on 3-on-3 Female Basketball Player’s Performance

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第4期4卷 386-396页

作者： H.K.smith M.J.Hamlin C.A.Elliot Department of Tourism Sport and SocietyLincoln UniversityChristchurchNew Zealand Faculty of Health and Environmental Science Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand(SPRINZ)Auckland University of TechnologyAucklandNew Zealand

Purpose To investigate the effects of 4 weeks high-intensity interval training in hypoxia on aerobic and anaerobic perfor-mance of 3-on-3 basketball *** In a randomised controlled trial,15 female basketballers completed eight 1-h high-intensity training sessions in either normobaric hypoxia(hypoxic group n=8,altitude 3052 m)or normoxia(normoxic group n=7,sea-level).Results After training,the hypoxic group increased their 1-min all-out shuttle run distance by 2.5%±2.3%(mean±95%CI,d=0.83,P=0.04),compared to the normoxic group 0.2%±2.3%(d=0.06,P=0.8),with the difference between groups being clinically worthwhile but not statistically significant(d=0.77,P=0.1).Distance covered in the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test tended to increase in the hypoxic(32.5%±39.3%,d=1.0,P=0.1)but not normoxic group(0.3%±24.5%,d=0.08,P=0.9),with a non-significant change between groups(d=0.9,P=0.2).Compared to normoxia,the hypoxic group significantly increased subjective markers of stress(d=0.53,P=0.005),fatigue(d=0.43,P=0.005),and muscle soreness(d=0.46,P=0.01),which resulted in a lower perceived training performance in the hypoxic compared to the normoxic group(d=0.68,P=0.001).Conclusion High-intensity interval training under hypoxic conditions likely improved 1-min all-out shuttle run ability in female basketball 3-on-3 players but also increased subjective markers of stress and fatigue which must be taken into con-sideration when prescribing such training.

关键词： 1-min all-out shuttle run Anaerobic performance Aerobic performance Altitude training

Impact of Chromium Propionate Supplementation and Days of Adaptation on Energy Status in newly Weaned Steer Calves^*

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第4期13卷 409-420页

作者： Zachary Kidd Foster smith Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings USA

The objective of this research was to evaluate the influences that supplemental dietary chromium propionate (CrP;0 or 0.4 mg·kg-1 added to the total diet on a DM basis) has on plasma indicators of energy status in newly weaned steers upon introduction to the feedlot. For this experiment single source, Angus steers (n = 28;BW = 289 ± 12.0 kg) from a ranch in Western South Dakota were weaned and immediately shipped 579 km to the Ruminant nutrition Center (RnC) in Brookings, SD. Steers were allotted to one of four 7.6 m × 7.6 m pens (2 pens/diet;7 steers/pen) at 4 d post-arrival to the RnC and test diets were initiated. no anabolic implant was used in this study. Subsequent BW measurements were obtained at 1400 h, to accommodate a post-prandial timing for blood sampling. This was 4 h after initial access to feed, and immediately prior to the afternoon feed delivery. Weights and blood sampling occurred on d 5, 12, 19, and 33. Whole blood samples were collected from all steers via jugular venipuncture and separated as plasma. There were no diet x day interactions (P ≥ 0.51) for plasma glucose, insulin, or urea-n. Plasma glucose, insulin, and urea-n levels were similar between diets (P ≥ 0.35). Plasma glucose and urea-n levels were not different across days (P ≥ 0.59). Insulin levels differed as a result of days of adaptation and were greatest (P = 0.01) on d 12 regardless of diet. There tended (P = 0.12) to be a diet x day interaction for nEFA levels. Plasma nEFA levels tended to be lower (P = 0.13) for calves fed CrP on d 5, and were greater (P = 0.09) on d 12 in calves fed CrP. The shift in nEFA on d 12 coincided with the spike in insulin levels. Both events occurred at the time that nEg intake was approaching the acclimated plateau and neither event impacted glucose status. In non-ruminants, elevated insulin concentrations decrease circulating nEFA levels. We detected minimal differences in regard to plasma indicators of lipid metabolism in this

关键词： Beef Steers Chromium Feedlot Adaptation Insulin newly Weaned

Prevalence and outcomes of pediatric surgical conditions at Connaught Hospital in Freetown:a retrospective study

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第1期6卷 1-7页

作者： Henang Kwasau Juliana Kamanda Aiah Lebbie Cesia Cotache-Condor Pamela Espinoza Andie Grimm naomi Wright Emily smith Department of Community Health College of Medicine and Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sierra LeoneFreetownSierra Leone Department of Surgery Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Center for Global Surgery and Health Equity Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Public Health Baylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA King’s Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships King's College LondonLondonUK Department of Emergency Medicine Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Background Sub-Saharan Africa experiences a disproportionate amount of pediatric surgical disease,with 80%of children lacking access to timely,affordable,and safe surgical *** study aims to characterize the burden of disease and outcomes of pediatric surgical conditions at Connaught Hospital,the main pediatric referral hospital in Sierra *** This retrospective and hospital-based study included children up to 15 years old who were operated on between 2015 and June 2016 at Connaught Hospital in Freetown,Sierra *** and inferential statistics were used to characterize the distribution of disease and compare all variables against age category and *** A total of 215 patients were included in this study of which 72.5%(n=132)were male and 27.5%(n=50)were *** of the patients were diagnosed with congenital anomalies(60.9%;n=131).However,infection was the leading diagnosis(60.5%;n=23)among patients aged 5–10 years(n=38).Inguinal hernia was the leading condition(65.0%;n=85)among patients presenting with a congenital *** condition with the highest mortality was infections(17.0%;n=8),followed by other conditions(9.1%;n=2)and congenital anomalies(3.1%;n=4).Based on the results of this study,over 7000 children with inguinal hernias remain untreated annually in Freetown,Sierra *** This study quantifies the burden of surgical disease among children,a foundational step toward the prioritization of pediatric surgical care in national health agendas,the development of evidence-based interventions,and the strategic allocation of resources in Sierra Leone.

关键词： surgical pediatric mortality

Improving photosynthetic efficiency toward food security:Strategies,advances,and perspectives

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Molecular Plant 2023年第10期16卷 1547-1563页

作者： Edward n.smith Marvin van Aalst Tiina Tosens Ülo niinemets Benjamin Stich Tomas Morosinotto Alessandro Alboresi Tobias J.Erb Paul AGómez-Coronado Dimitri Tolleter Giovanni Finazzi Gilles Curien Matthias Heinemann Oliver Ebenhöh Julian M.Hibberd Urte Schlüter Tianshu Sun Andreas P.M.Weber Faculty of Science and Engineering Molecular Systems Biology–Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and BiotechnologyNijenborgh 49747 AG Groningenthe Netherlands Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science(CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 140225 DüsseldorfGermany Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences51006 TartuEstonia Institute of Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science(CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 140225 DüsseldorfGermany Department of Biology University of Padova35131 PadovaItaly Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Department of Biochemistry&Synthetic Metabolism35043 MarburgGermany Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble IRIG-LPCVGrenoble Alpes UniversityCNRSCEAINRAE38000 GrenobleFrance Molecular Physiology Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB23EAUK Institute for Plant Biochemistry Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science(CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 140225 DüsseldorfGermany Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants18190 SanitzGermany

Photosynthesis in crops and natural vegetation allows light energy to be converted into chemical energy and thus forms the foundation for almost all terrestrial trophic networks on *** efficiency of photosynthetic energy conversion plays a crucial role in determining the portion of incident solar radiation that can be used to generate plant biomass throughout a growth ***,alongside the factors such as resource availability,crop management,crop selection,maintenance costs,and intrinsic yield potential,photosynthetic energy use efficiency significantly influences crop *** efficiency is relevant to sustainability and food security because it affects water use efficiency,nutrient use efficiency,and land use *** review focuses specifically on the potential for improvements in photosynthetic efficiency to drive a sustainable increase in crop *** discuss bypassing photorespiration,enhancing light use efficiency,harnessing natural variation in photosynthetic parameters for breeding purposes,and adopting new-to-nature approaches that show promise for achieving unprecedented gains in photosynthetic efficiency.

关键词： photosynthesis photorespiration photorespiratory bypass natural variation synthetic biology plant metabolic engineering

Increased proportion of alcohol-related trauma in a South London major trauma centre during lockdown:A cohort study

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2022年第5期25卷 277-282页

作者： Oliver S.Brown Toby O.smith Andrew J.Gaukroger Prodromos Tsinaslanidis Caroline B.Hing St George's University Hospitals nHS Foundation Trust LondonUnited Kingdom Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of East AngliaNonwvichUnited Kingdom

Purpose:Alcohol has been associated with 10%—35%trauma admissions and 40%trauma-related deaths *** response to the COVID-19 pandemic,the United Kingdom entered a state of"lockdown"on March 23,*** were most significantly eased on June 1,2020,when shops and schools *** purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of lockdown on alcohol-related trauma ***:All adult patients admitted as"trauma calls"to a London major trauma centre during April 2018 and April 2019(pre-lockdown,n=316),and 1st April—31st May 2020(lockdown,n=191)had electronic patient records analysed ***’blood alcohol level and records of intoxication were used to identify alcohol-related *** admissions from pre-lockdown and lockdown cohorts were compared using multiple regression ***:Alcohol-related trauma was present in a significantly higher proportion of adult trauma calls during lockdown(lockdown 60/191(31.4%),***-lockdown 62/316(19.6%);(odds ratio(OR):0.83,95%CI:0.38—1.28,pn was also associated with increased weekend admissions of trauma(lockdown 125/191 weekend(65.5%)***-lockdown 179/316(56.7%);OR:0.40,95%CI:0.79 to-0.02,p=0.041).no significant difference existed in the age,gender,or mechanism between pre-lockdown and lockdown cohorts(p>0.05).Conclusions:The United Kingdom lockdown was independently associated with an increased proportion of alcohol-related *** admissions were increased during the weekend when staffing levels are *** the possibility of further global"waves"of COVID-19,the long-term repercussions of dangerous alcohol-related behaviour to public health must be addressed.

关键词： Trauma Alcohol Lockdown COVID-19 Major trauma centre

A Scalable Testing Framework for Location-Based Services

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第2期24卷 386-404页

作者： Jiang Yu Andrew Tappenden James Miller Michael smith University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2E1 Canada University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 Canada

A novel testing framework for location based services is introduced. In particular, the paper showcases a novel architecture for such a framework. The implementation of the framework illustrates both the functionality and the feasibility of the framework proposed and the utility of the architecture. The new framework is evaluated through comparison to several other methodologies currently available for the testing of location-based applications. A case study is presented in which the testing framework was applied to a typical mobile service tracking system. It is concluded that the proposed testing framework achieves the best coverage of the entire location based service testing problem of the currently available methodologies; being equipped to test the widest array of application attributes and allowing for the automation of testing activities.

关键词： location based applications location-based services M-commerce software testing

The missing base molecules in atmospheric acid-base nucleation

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national Science Review 2022年第10期9卷 196-208页

作者： Runlong Cai Rujing Yin Chao Yan Dongsen Yang Chenjuan Deng Lubna Dada Juha Kangasluoma Jenni Kontkanen Roope Halonen Yan Ma Xiuhui Zhang Pauli Paasonen Tuukka Pet?j? Veli-Matti Kerminen Yongchun Liu Federico Bianchi Jun Zheng Lin Wang Jiming Hao James n.smith neil M. Donahue Markku Kulmala Douglas R.Worsnop Jingkun Jiang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of Science University of Helsinki Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics School of Science Tianjin University Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education of China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Chemistry Department University of California Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies Carnegie Mellon University Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Aerodyne Research Inc.

Transformation of low-volatility gaseous precursors to new particles affects aerosol number concentration,cloud formation and hence the *** clustering of acid and base molecules is a major mechanism driving fast nucleation and initial growth of new particles in the ***,the acid-base cluster composition,measured using state-of-the-art mass spectrometers,cannot explain the measured high formation rate of new *** we present strong evidence for the existence of base molecules such as amines in the smallest atmospheric sulfuric acid clusters prior to their detection by mass *** demonstrate that forming(H2SO4)1(amine)1is the rate-limiting step in atmospheric H2SO4-amine nucleation and the uptake of(H2SO4)1(amine)1is a major pathway for the initial growth of *** proposed mechanism is very consistent with measured new particle formation in urban Beijing,in which dimethylamine is the key base for H2SO4nucleation while other bases such as ammonia may contribute to the growth of larger *** findings further underline the fact that strong amines,even at low concentrations and when undetected in the smallest clusters,can be crucial to particle formation in the planetary boundary layer.

关键词： acid-base nucleation aerosol new particle formation polluted urban environment

Testing for temperature acclimation of plant carbon exchange:a comment on‘Global patterns of the responses of leaf-level photosynthesis and respiration in terrestrial plants to experimental warming’by liang et al.

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第3期8卷 333-334页

作者： nicholas G.smith Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University915 West State StreetWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

In a recent issue of Journal of Plant Ecology,Liang et al.(2013)use meta-analytical techniques to analyze the leaf carbon exchanges responses to experimental warming and,in part,observe that leaf dark respiration,but not photosynthesis,acclimates to the warming *** authors should be commended for putting together and analyzing such a large data *** of the results provide fine syntheses for understanding leaf carbon exchange responses to ***,the acclimation analyses are,in my opinion,flawed and are not appropriate for supporting their results.

关键词： exchange carbon supporting

Compartmentalized immune responses and the local microbiota determine mucosal and systemic immunity against SARS-CoV-2

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第2期19卷 130-132页

作者： Jonas Buttenschön Stefan Vogt Jochen Mattner Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen FAU Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany.

The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection,which is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,are highly variable and range from asymptomatic carriage or mild symptoms to severe disease involving different organ ***,the specific factors influencing individual clinical outcomes remain ***,to characterize the versatile interplay of mucosal and systemic immune responses with the local microbiome and the viral load,as well as its impact on the course of the disease,smith et *** integrated analyses of nasopharyngeal swabs and plasma samples from COVID-19 patients with varying degrees of illness *** observed that spike-specific neutralizing antibodies were heterogeneous between paired plasma samples and nasopharyngeal swabs from individual SARS-CoV-2 patients,suggesting a tissuedependent regulation of humoral immune responses.

关键词： immunity mucosal clinical