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Graptolite-Derived Organic Matter and Pore Characteristics in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Black Shale of the Sichuan Basin and its Periphery

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第4期93卷 982-995页

作者： WU Jin ZHOU Wen SUN Shasha ZHOU Shangwen shi zhensheng State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059SichuanChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China National Energy Shale Gas R&D(Experiment)Centre Langfang 065007HebeiChina PetroChina Unconventional Oil&Gas Key Laboratory Langfang 065007HebeiChina

A key target of shale gas exploration and production in China is the organic-rich black shale of the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its *** set of black shale contains abundant graptolites,which are mainly preserved as flattened rhabdosomes with carbonized periderms,is an important organic component of the ***,few previous studies had focused on the organic matter(OM)which is derived from graptolite and its pore *** particular,the contributions of graptolites to gas generation,storage,and flow have not yet been *** this study,focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope(FIB-SEM)was used to investigate the characteristics of the graptolite-derived OM and the micro-nanopores of graptolite *** results suggested that the proportion of OM in the graptolite was between 19.7%and 30.2%,and between 8.9%and 14.4%in the surrounding *** total organic carbon(TOC)content of the graptolite was found to be higher than that of the surrounding rock,which indicated that the graptolite played a significant role in the dispersed organic *** types of pores were developed in the graptolite periderm,including organic gas pores,pyrite moulage pores,authigenic quartz moldic pores,and *** well-developed micro-nano pores and fractures had formed an interconnected system within the graptolites which provided storage spaces for shale *** stacked layers and large accumulation of graptolites resulted in lamellation fractures openning easily,and provided effective pathways for the gas flow.A few nanoscale gas pores were observed in the graptolite-derived OM,with surface porosity lie in 1.5%–2.4%,and pore diameters of 5–20 *** sapropel detritus was determined to be rich in nanometer-sized pores with surface porosity of 3.1%–6.2%,and pore diameters of 20–80 *** to the small amount of hydrocarbon generation of the graptolite,supporting the overlying pressure was difficult,which caused

关键词： graptolite pore structure shale gas Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations Sichuan Basin

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Reservoir characteristics and genetic mechanisms of gas-bearing shales with different laminae and laminae combinations: A case study of Member 1 of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale in Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2020年第4期47卷 888-900页

作者： shi zhensheng DONG Dazhong WANG Hongyan SUN Shasha WU Jin PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China National Energy Shale Gas R&D(Experiment)Center Langfang 065007China

Based on thin-section,argon-ion polished large-area imaging and nano-CT scanning data,the reservoir characteristics and genetic mechanisms of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale layers with different laminae and laminae combinations in the Sichuan Basin were *** is found that the shale has two kinds of laminae,clayey lamina and silty lamina,which are different in single lamina thickness,composition,pore type and structure,plane porosity and pore size *** clayey laminae are about 100μm thick each,over 15%in organic matter content,over 70%in quartz content,and higher in organic pore ratio and plane *** have abundant bedding fractures and organic matter and organic pores connecting with each other to form a *** contrast,the silty laminae are about 50μm thick each,5%to 15%in organic matter content,over 50%in carbonate content,higher in inorganic pore ratio,undeveloped in bedding fracture,and have organic matter and organic pores disconnected from each *** formation of mud lamina and silt lamina may be related to the flourish of silicon-rich *** mud lamina is formed during the intermittent period,and silt lamina is formed during the bloom period of silicon-rich *** mud laminae and silt laminae can combine into three types of assemblages:strip-shaped silt,gradating sand-mud and sand-mud thin *** strip-shaped silt assemblage has the highest porosity and horizontal/vertical permeability ratio,followed by the gradating sand-mud assemblage and sand-mud thin interlayer *** difference in the content ratio of the mud laminae to silt laminae results in the difference in the horizontal/vertical permeability ratio.

关键词： gas-bearing shale lamina reservoir characteristics genetic mechanism Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation Sichuan Basin

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Characterization of natural fractures in deep-marine shales: a case study of the Wufeng and Longmaxi shale in the Luzhou Block Sichuan Basin, China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第1期17卷 337-350页

作者： Shasha SUN Saipeng HUANG Enrique GOMEZ-RIVAS Albert GRIERA ΒοLIU Lulu XU Yaru WEN Dazhong DONG zhensheng shi Yan CHANG Yin XING PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development Ministry of EducationNortheast Petroleum UniversityDaqing 163318China Departament de Mineralogia Petrologia i Geologia AplicadaFacultat de Ciències de la TerraUniversitat de Barcelona(UB)c/Martíi Franquès s/nBarcelona 08028Spain Departament de Geologia Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra 08193Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain Hubei Geological Survey Wuhan 430034China School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China

Natural fractures are of crucial importance for oil and gas reservoirs,especially for those with ultralow permeability and *** deep-marine shale gas reservoirs of the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations are typical targets for the study of natural fracture *** descriptions of full-diameter shale drill core,together with 3D Computed Tomography scans and Formation MicroScanner Image data acquisition,were carried out to characterize microfracture morphology in order to obtain the key parameters of natural fractures in such *** fracture type,orientation,and their macroscopic and microscopic distribution features are *** results show that the natural fracture density appears to remarkably decrease in the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations with increasing the burial *** trends have been observed for fracture length and ***,the natural fracture density diminishes as the formation thickness *** are three main types of natural fractures,which we interpret as(I)mineral-filled fractures(by pyrite and calcite),i.e.,veins,(II)those induced by tectonic stress,and(III)those formed by other processes(including diagenetic shrinkage and fluid overpressure).Natural fracture orientations estimated from the studied natural fractures in the Luzhou block are not consistent with the present-day stress *** difference in tortuosity between horizontally and vertically oriented fractures reveals their morphological *** addition,natural fracture density,host rock formation thickness,average total organic carbon and effective porosity are found to be important factors for evaluating shale gas *** study also reveals that the high density of natural fractures is decisive to evaluate the shale gas *** results may have significant implications for evaluating favorable exploration areas of shale gas reservoirs and can be applied to optimize hydraulic fracturing for permeability enhancement.

关键词： marine shale natural fracture filled fracture tortuosity

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Stratigraphic framework of theWufeng-Longmaxi shale in and around the Sichuan Basin,China:Implications for targeting shale gas

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Energy Geoscience 2020年第3期1卷 124-133页

作者： Hongyan Wang zhensheng shi Qun Zhao Dexun Liu Shasha Sun Wei Guo Feng Liang Changmu Lin Xuefan Wang Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChinaLangfangHebei065007China National Energy Shale Gas R&D(Experiment)Center LangfangHebei065007China

Stratigraphic division and correlation are crucial for the identification of sweet spots and drilling design of shale *** this study,a stratigraphic division and correlation was carried out for the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in southern China from the prospective of lithostratigraphy,sea level changes,and biostratigraphy using data from seismic investigation,wells,and *** Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations were respectively divided into four members,Wu 1 and Wu2 for the former and Long 1 and Long 2 for the *** the members,Long 1 was subdivided and its first subdivision(Long 11)was further divided into 4 layers(Long 1^(1)_(1),Long 1^(2)_(1),Long 1^(3)_(1),and Long 1^(4)_(1)).Three eustatic cycles were recognized in the Wufeng-Longmaxi *** I corresponds to the Wufeng Formation with the maximum flooding surface at the top ofWu *** II corresponds to Long 1,with the maximum flooding surface at the top of Long 1^(3)_(1).CycleⅢⅢcorresponds to Long ***,4 graptolite biozones(WF1 to WF4)were identified in the Wufeng Formation and 9 graptolite biozones(LM1 to LM9)in the Longmaxi ***1-2 and WF3-4 correspond to Wu 1 and Wu 2,respectively;and LM1,LM2-4,LM5,LM6,and LM7-9 correspond to Long 1^(1)_(1),Long 1^(2)_(1),Long 1^(3)_(1),Long 1^(4)_(1),and Long 12 and Long 2,*** shales mainly occur in the Wufeng Formation and Long *** major intervals that should be investigated with regards to shale gas production include LM1eLM5(10m thick)in the Weiyuan Block and WF1eLM5(20e35m thick)in the Changning *** 1^(1)_(1)is believed to be an optimal target for drilling due to its high TOC content,siliceous content,porosity,microfracture density,and horizontal/vertical permeability ratio.

关键词： Stratigraphic division Graptolite Black shale Wufeng formation Longmaxi formation

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海相细粒沉积层理类型及其油气勘探开发意义

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沉积学报 2021年第1期39卷 181-196页

作者：施振生邱振中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083 国家能源页岩气研发(实验)中心河北廊坊065007

海相细粒沉积层理是恢复沉积环境的重要标志,更是影响着细粒沉积岩的储层品质及可压裂性。细粒物质通过生物作用、生物化学作用和机械分化作用形成之后,以单颗粒、絮凝颗粒、泥岩内碎屑、岩屑、有机—矿物集合体(“海洋雪”)及浮游动物... 详细信息

海相细粒沉积层理是恢复沉积环境的重要标志,更是影响着细粒沉积岩的储层品质及可压裂性。细粒物质通过生物作用、生物化学作用和机械分化作用形成之后,以单颗粒、絮凝颗粒、泥岩内碎屑、岩屑、有机—矿物集合体(“海洋雪”)及浮游动物粪球粒等形式,通过风力、低密度流、重力及底流等搬运至海洋,最终以垂直沉降和/或侧向加积的方式沉降下来。细粒物质可形成2种纹层(泥纹层和粉砂纹层)、2种纹层组(泥纹层组和粉砂纹层组)和2种层(递变层和均质层),并构成5大类层理(块状层理、递变层理、韵律层理和年纹层、水平层理和交错层理)。黑色海相细粒岩泥纹层和粉砂纹层由于物质组成、孔隙类型及结构、面孔率、孔径分布、微裂缝类型及密度等差异,从而造成不同层理类型细粒岩储层品质差异。同时,不同层理细粒岩由于纹层发育程度、单纹层厚度、泥纹层和粉砂纹层比例、连续性、形态和几何关系等差异,从而造成其岩石力学性质及裂缝扩展规律差异。

关键词：海相页岩层理类型细粒沉积成因机制页岩气意义

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海相细粒沉积成因机制与有机质富集模式研究进展

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石油与天然气地质 2024年第4期45卷 910-928页

作者：施振生周天琪中国石油石油勘探开发研究院北京100083

综合分析了国内外细粒沉积的特征、成因及有机质富集模式研究进展。海相细粒沉积主要由黏土矿物、石英、碳酸盐矿物和有机质组成,受风力、异轻流、重力流和底流4大搬运营力作用,发育泥纹层和粉砂纹层2类纹层,单一型、顺序型和交互型3类... 详细信息

综合分析了国内外细粒沉积的特征、成因及有机质富集模式研究进展。海相细粒沉积主要由黏土矿物、石英、碳酸盐矿物和有机质组成,受风力、异轻流、重力流和底流4大搬运营力作用,发育泥纹层和粉砂纹层2类纹层,单一型、顺序型和交互型3类纹层组(层系),块状层、递变层和交互层3类层(层组)。海相细粒沉积发育浊流沉积、底流沉积及远洋-半远洋沉积3种主要沉积相类型及其过渡类型。海相细粒沉积有机质存在高生产力和强保存2种富集模式,高生产力富集模式下黑色页岩主要通过“上升洋流”、“氧含量最低值区(OMZ)”和“近岸透光带缺氧(PZE)”模式形成高有机质富集,强保存富集模式下黑色页岩主要通过“受限盆地”、“改进的受限盆地”、“不规则底形”、“水洼扩张”、“海侵化变层”和“近岸海侵(TN)”模式形成高有机质富集。目前海相细粒沉积成因机制与相模式研究存在的主要问题包括名词术语不规范、不同矿物成分成因不明确,以及细粒浊流沉积、等深流沉积和半远洋沉积难以区分,需要今后进一步研究解决。

关键词：物质组成搬运营力层理相模式有机质富集细粒沉积学

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一种分析微带线随机参数敏感性的多项式混沌展开方法

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西安交通大学学报 2016年第12期50卷 121-127页

作者：程市黄斌科师振盛西安交通大学电子与信息工程学院西安710049

针对传输线加工中材料及结构参数随机不确定性对传输性能影响的问题,提出了一种计算随机系数传输线电报方程的多项式混沌(PC)展开方法。利用正交多项式混沌基函数,该方法首先将传输线电报方程中的随机等效集总参数、传输线电压及电流响... 详细信息

针对传输线加工中材料及结构参数随机不确定性对传输性能影响的问题,提出了一种计算随机系数传输线电报方程的多项式混沌(PC)展开方法。利用正交多项式混沌基函数,该方法首先将传输线电报方程中的随机等效集总参数、传输线电压及电流响应进行展开;其次利用Galerkin法,将随机系数的电报方程问题转化为关于电压、电流正交多项式展开系数的确定性扩阶方程组问题,并结合传输线边界条件可计算电压、电流的展开系数,进而获得电压、电流及传递函数的均值、方差和概率密度分布。随机参数微带传输线的仿真结果表明:低频时导带宽度对微带线的传输性能影响较大,高频时介电常数对其传输性能影响较大;在满足计算精度要求的同时,PC展开方法具有比传统蒙特卡罗(MC)方法更高的计算效率,计算耗时仅约为MC方法的1/500。

关键词：微带线电报方程敏感性多项式混沌展开蒙特卡罗方法

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Radiation Characteristics of the Cavity Backed Antenna in Conducting Cone

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2002年第2期13卷 7-12页

作者： Guo Bin , shi zhensheng & Wang WenbingElectromagnetic and Communication Laboratory, School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China(Received July 3,2001) Electromagnetic and Communication Laboratory School of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China

A technique using finite element and boundary integral method (FE-BI) and reciprocity theorem is presented to analyze the radiation characteristics of cavity backed antenna mounted on a conducting cone. The electric fields inside the cavity and on the aperture are obtained using finite element and boundary integral method. The far-field characteristic of the antenna is computed using reciprocity theorem. The paper begins with a general description of the method. An application of this method is given and the numerical result is compared with the experimental result.

关键词： Computer simulation Electric fields Finite element method Green's function Method of moments

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Laminae characteristics of gas-bearing shale fine-grained sediment of the Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Well Wuxi 2 in Sichuan Basin,SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2018年第2期45卷 358-368页

作者： shi zhensheng QIU Zhen DONG Dazhong LU Bin LIANG Pingping ZHANG Mengqi PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Langfang 065007 China National Energy Shale Gas R&D (Experiment) Center Langfang 065007 China

Based on various test data, the composition, texture, structure and lamina types of gas-bearing shale were determined based on Well Wuxi 2 of the Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin. Four types of lamina, namely organic-rich lamina, organic-bearing lamina, clay lamina and silty lamina, are developed in the Longmaxi Formation of Well Wuxi 2, and they form 2 kinds of lamina set and 5 kinds of beds. Because of increasing supply of terrigenous clasts and enhancing hydrodynamics and associated oxygen levels, the contents of TOC and brittle mineral reduce and content of clay mineral increases gradually as the depth becomes shallow. Organic-rich lamina, organic-rich + organic-bearing lamina set and organic-rich bed dominate the small layers 1-3 of Member 1 of the Longmaxi Formation, suggesting anoxic and weak hydraulic depositional setting. Organic-rich lamina, along with organic-bearing lamina and silty lamina, appear in small layer 4, suggesting increased oxygenated and hydraulic level. Small layers 1-3 are the best interval and drilling target of shale gas exploration and development.

关键词： Sichuan Basin Longmaxi Formation fine-grained sediment shale gas lamina Well Wuxi 2

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Microfacies types and distribution of epicontinental shale: A case study of the Wufeng–Longmaxi shale in southern Sichuan Basin, China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第1期50卷 57-71页

作者： WANG Hongyan shi zhensheng SUN Shasha ZHAO Qun ZHOU Tianqi CHENG Feng BAI Wenhua PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083China National Energy Shale Gas R&D(Experiment)Center Langfang 065007China

For black shales,laminae and bedding are hard to identify,grain size is difficult to measure,and trace fossils do not *** the Ordovician Wufeng–Silurian Longmaxi shale in southern Sichuan Basin,China,as an example,the types,characteristics and models of microfacies in epicontinental shale are analyzed by means of full-scale observation of large thin sections,argon-ion polishing field emission-scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),and kerogen *** epicontinental sea develops delta,tidal flat and shelf facies,with black shale found in microfacies such as the underwater distributary channel and interdistributary bay under delta front facies,the calcareous and clayey flats under intertidal flat facies,the calcareous and clayey shelfs under shallow shelf facies,the deep slope,deep plain and deep depression under deep shelf facies,and the overflow under gravity flow ***,silty lamina decreases and clayey lamina increases,the grain size changes from coarse silt to fine mud,the silica content increases from about 20%to above 55%,the carbonate and clay minerals content decreases from above 40%to around 10%,and the kerogen type changes from type II2 to type II1 and type *** and topography dominate the types and distribution of shale *** underwater distributary channel,interdistributary bay,clayey flat,clayey shelf,and overflow microfacies are developed in areas with sufficient sediment *** calcareous flat and calcareous shelf are developed in areas with insufficient sediment *** deep shelf shale area is divided into deep slope,deep plain,and deep depression microfacies as a result of three *** formation of epicontinental shale with different microfacies is closely related to the tectonic setting,paleoclimate,and sea level *** relatively active tectonic setting increases the supply of terrigenous clasts,forming muddy water fine-grained *** warm and humid paleoclimate is conducive to the enric

关键词： shale gas shale microfacies sedimentary model epicontinental deep shelf Wufeng Formation Longmaxi Formation southern Sichuan Basin Sichuan Basin

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