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China CDC weekly 2024年第4期6卷 61-63页

作者： Hongbing shen Director-General of China CDC Academician of the Chinese Academy of EngineeringBeijingChina

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to disease control and prevention efforts.Recently,the general office of China’s State Council issued the“Guidelines for High-Quality development of Disease Prevention and Control”(hereinafter referred to as the“Guidelines”)(1).The Guidelines focus on promoting high-quality development of disease control and prevention and the strategic goal of“Healthy China,”providing specific implementation pathways for the development of national disease control and prevention in the new era,including overall planning,restructuring of governance,enhancing core capabilities,strengthening talent development,and improving organizational support.

关键词： prevention attached Quality

A sustainable process to 100%bio-based nylons integrated chemical and biological conversion of lignocellulose

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第2期9卷 390-402页

作者： Ruijia Hu Ming Li Tao shen Xin Wang Zhuohua Sun Xinning bao Kequan Chen Kai Guo Lei Ji Hanjie Ying Pingkai Ouyang Chenjie Zhu College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina

Considerable progress has been made in recent years to the development of sustainable polymers from bio-based feedstocks.In this study,100%bio-based nylons were prepared via an integrated chemical and biological process from lignocellulose.These novel nylons were obtained by the melt polymerization of 3-propyladipic acid derived from lignin and 1,5-pentenediamine/1,4-butanediamine derived from carbohydrate sugar.Central to the concept is a three-step noble metal free catalytic chemical funnelling sequence(Raney Ni mediated reductive catalytic fractionation-reductive funnelling-oxidative funnelling),which allowed for obtaining a single component 3-propyladipic acid from lignin with high efficiency.The structural and thermodynamic properties of the obtained nylons have been systematically investigated,and thus obtained transparent bio-based nylons exhibited higher Mw(>32,000)and excellent thermal stability(Td5%>265℃).Considering their moderate Tg and good melt strength,these transparent bio-based nylons could serve as promising functional additives or temperature-responsive materials.

关键词： Lignocellulose Lignin Reductive catalytic fractionation Bio-based nylon

A Systematic Analysis of Early Life Exposure to the Chinese Famine(1959-1961)and the Health of Older Adults-China,2008-2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第11期6卷 203-207,I0001-I0003页

作者： Chi shen Xi Chen School of Public Policy and Administration Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an CityShaanxi ProvinceChina department of Health Policy and Management Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCTU.S department of Economics Yale UniversityNew HavenCTU.S

What is already known about this topic?There is mounting evidence indicating that the aging process initiates during early life stages,with in utero the individual’s environment playing a significant role.Consequently,it is crucial to comprehend the enduring effects of early life circumstances on health in old age.What is added by this report?In this study,we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effects of the Chinese Famine(1959–1961)on the health of older adults.We also explored potential mechanisms underlying these effects.What are the implications for public health practice?The complex interplay between early life circumstances,multiple health-related sectors,and healthy aging necessitates a comprehensive life-course approach and strategic interventions to enhance public health in an aging society.

关键词： life aging mount

Theoretical insights of the pharmaceutical compound fluoxetine in water:Role in direct photolysis and indirect photolysis by free radicals

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 269-278页

作者： Ying Lu Se Wang Yifan shen School of Environmental Science and Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution ControlNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

The frequent detection of pharmaceutical compounds in the environment has led to a growing awareness,which may pose a major threat to the aquatic environment.In this study,photodegradation(direct and indirect photolysis)of two different dissociation states of fluoxetine(FLU)was investigated in water,mainly including the determination of photolytic transition states and products,and the mechanisms of indirect photodegradation with·OH,CO_(3)^(*-)and NO_(3)^(*).The main direct photolysis pathways are defluorination and C–C bond cleavage.In addition,the indirect photodegradation of FLU in water is mainly through the reactions with·OH and NO_(3)^(*),and the photodegradation reaction with CO_(3)^(*-)is relatively difficult to occur in the water environment.Our results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the phototransformation process of FLU in the water environment and assessing its potential risk.

关键词： Fluoxetine Photochemical mechanism Direct photolysis Free radical reaction DFT

Bioinspired 3D flexible devices and functional systems

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 271-295页

作者： Xu Cheng Zhangming shen Yihui Zhang Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua University

Flexible devices and functional systems with elaborated three-dimensional(3D) architectures can endow better mechanical/electrical performances, more design freedom, and unique functionalities, when compared to their two-dimensional(2D) counterparts. Such 3D flexible devices/systems are rapidly evolving in three primary directions, including the miniaturization, the increasingly merged physical/artificial intelligence and the enhanced adaptability and capabilities of heterogeneous integration.Intractable challenges exist in this emerging research area, such as relatively poor controllability in the locomotion of soft robotic systems, mismatch of bioelectronic interfaces, and signal coupling in multi-parameter sensing. By virtue of long-time–optimized materials, structures and processes, natural organisms provide rich sources of inspiration to address these challenges, enabling the design and manufacture of many bioinspired 3D flexible devices/systems. In this Review, we focus on bioinspired 3D flexible devices and functional systems, and summarize their representative design concepts, manufacturing methods, principles of structure-function relationship and broad-ranging applications. Discussions on existing challenges, potential solutions and future opportunities are also provided to usher in further research efforts toward realizing bioinspired 3D flexible devices/systems with precisely programmed shapes,enhanced mechanical/electrical performances, and high-level physical/artificial intelligence.

关键词： bioinspired designs biomimetic 3D structures 3D flexible electronics 3D functional systems direct 3D manufacture 2D-to-3D assembly

A 10-yr Rainfall and Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Climatology over Coastal and Inland Regions of Guangdong, China during the Pre-Summer Rainy Season

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 469-488页

作者： Yuqing RUAN Rudi XIA Xinghua bao Dong ZHENG Yan shen Jinfang YIN State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological Administration Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology National Meteorological Information Centre China Meteorological Administration

A comparative analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of rainfall and lightning in coastal and inland areas of Guangdong Province of China during the pre-summer rainy season(PSRS) from 2008 to 2017 reveals distinct patterns. In the inland target region(ITR), rainfall is concentrated in the central and eastern mountainous areas. It exhibits a bimodal diurnal variation, with peaks in the afternoon and morning. The afternoon peak becomes more pronounced during the post-monsoon-onset period because of the increased rainfall frequency. Similarly, in the coastal target region(CTR), rainfall concentrates around mountainous peripheries. However, CTR's rainfall is weaker than ITR's during the pre-monsoon-onset period, primarily associated with the lower-level moisture outflow in CTR,but it strengthens significantly during the post-monsoon-onset period owing to enhanced moisture inflow. CTR's diurnal rainfall variation transitions from bimodal to a single broad peak during the post-monsoon-onset period, influenced by changes in both rainfall frequency and intensity. In contrast to rainfall, the spatiotemporal distribution of lightning centers remains relatively stable during the PSRS. The strongest center is located over ITR's plains west of the rainfall center, with a secondary center in the western plains of CTR. Lightning activity significantly increases during the post-monsoon-onset period, particularly in ITR, primarily because of the increased lightning hours. The diurnal lightning flash density and lightning hours show a single afternoon peak in the two target regions, and the timing of the peak in ITR is approximately two hours later than in CTR. Composite circulation analysis indicates that during early morning, the lower atmosphere is nearly neutral in stratification. The advected warm, moist, unstable airflow, combined with topography, favors convection initiation. In the afternoon, solar radiation increases thermal instability, further enhancing the convection frequency and intensity. Improv

关键词： rainfall lightning spatiotemporal distribution diurnal variation pre-summer rainy season

Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and other respiratory pathogens in children

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 92-96页

作者： Wei Li Bing-Han Wang bao-Hai Chen Yi Sun Lin Li Wen-Qing Xiang Ahmed Faisal Ali Lin-Xuan Su Hai-Yan Mao Hong-Qiang shen Qiang Shu department of Clinical Laboratory Children's HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina School of Public Health Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina department of Information Center Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention HangzhouChina department of Thoracic&Cardiovascular Surgery Children's HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),the entire world has been affected by the epidemic[1,2].On November 9,2021,a variant of the novel coronavirus B.1.1.529 was detected for the first time from case samples in South Africa.The Omicron strain spread and mutated significantly fast.This variant has the characteristics of escape immunity,which can induce relatively extreme disease and reduce the neutralization of antibodies in vaccinators,and is more likely to be reinfected[3,4].The clinical presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCoV-2)in children has mild symptoms and a lower risk of hospitalization and death.

关键词： respiratory immunity acute

A scoping review of methodologies for applying artificial intelligence to physical activity interventions

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 428-441页

作者： Ruopeng An Jing shen Junjie Wang Yuyi Yang Brown School Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63130USA department of Physical Education China University of Geosciences BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Kinesiology and Health Promotion Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Division of Computational and Data Sciences Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63130USA

Purpose This scoping review aimed to offer researchers and practitioners an understanding of artificial intelligence(AI)applications in physical activity(PA)interventions;introduce them to prevalent machine learning(ML),deep learning(DL),and reinforcement learning(RL)algorithms;and encourage the adoption of AI methodologies.Methods A scoping review was performed in PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and EBSCO focusing on AI applications for promoting PA or predicting related behavioral or health outcomes.AI methodologies were summarized and categorized to identify synergies,patterns,and trends informing future research.Additionally,a concise primer on predominant AI methodologies within the realm of PA was provided to bolster understanding and broader application.Results The review included 24 studies that met the predetermined eligibility criteria.AI models were found effective in detecting significant patterns of PA behavior and associations between specific factors and intervention outcomes.Most studies comparing AI models to traditional statistical approaches reported higher prediction accuracy for AI models on test data.Comparisons of different AI models yielded mixed results,likely due to model performance being highly dependent on the dataset and task.An increasing trend of adopting state-of-the-art DL and RL models over standard ML was observed,addressing complex human–machine communication,behavior modification,and decision-making tasks.Six key areas for future AI adoption in PA interventions emerged:personalized PA interventions,real-time monitoring and adaptation,integration of multimodal data sources,evaluation of intervention effectiveness,expanding access to PA interventions,and predicting and preventing injuries.Conclusion The scoping review highlights the potential of AI methodologies for advancing PA interventions.As the field progresses,staying informed and exploring emerging AI-driven strategies is essential for achieving significant improvements in PA interventions and fostering overall we

关键词： Artificial intelligence Intervention Machine learning Neural network Physical activity

Rational Solutions of First Order Algebraic Ordinary Differential Equations

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第2期37卷 567-580页

作者： FENG Shuang shen Liyong School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Let f(t,y,y')=∑ _(i=0)^(n )a_(i)(t,y)y'^(i)=0 be an irreducible first order ordinary differential equation with polynomial coefficients.Eremenko in 1998 proved that there exists a constant C such that every rational solution of f(t,y,y')=0 is of degree not greater than C.Examples show that this degree bound C depends not only on the degrees of f in t,y,y' but also on the coefficients of f viewed as the polynomial in t,y,y'.In this paper,the authors show that if f satisfies deg(f,y)deg(f,y')or n max i=0{deg(a_(i),y)−2(n−i)}>0,then the degree bound C only depends on the degrees of f in t,y,y',and furthermore we present an explicit expression for C in terms of the degrees of f in t,y,y'.

关键词： degree bound first order AOde height rational solution

槲皮素纳米晶自稳定Pickering乳液的制备及体外释放研究

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中国中药杂志 2022年第5期47卷 1230-1236页

作者：王哲胡菲车智慧宋青申宝德袁海龙成都中医药大学药学院四川成都611137 空军特色医学中心药学部北京100142

为了提高槲皮素的口服吸收,以槲皮素纳米晶(QT-NC)为固体稳定剂,采用高压均质法联合探头超声法制备槲皮素纳米晶自稳定Pickering乳液(QT-NSSPE)。考察了油相比例、槲皮素浓度和水相pH对QT-NSSPE形成的影响,对得到的QT-NSSPE进行表征,并... 详细信息

为了提高槲皮素的口服吸收,以槲皮素纳米晶(QT-NC)为固体稳定剂,采用高压均质法联合探头超声法制备槲皮素纳米晶自稳定Pickering乳液(QT-NSSPE)。考察了油相比例、槲皮素浓度和水相pH对QT-NSSPE形成的影响,对得到的QT-NSSPE进行表征,并评价其稳定性和体外释放行为。结果得到优化条件下的QT-NSSPE乳滴粒径为15.82μm,载药量为4.87 mg·mL^(-1);扫描电镜观察到QT-NC在乳滴表面包裹成了壳状结构,X-射线衍射图谱表明QT-NSSPE表面吸附的QT-NC的结晶度相比于原料药显著降低;QT-NSSPE在室温条件下至少可以稳定30 d;QT-NSSPE的体外累积释放度比QT原料药显著提高。研究结果表明QT-NSSPE具有较好的稳定性和体外释放行为,有望成为槲皮素的新型口服载药系统。

关键词： Pickering乳液槲皮素纳米晶自稳定高压均质法探头超声法