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Assessment of land use change and its effect on soil carbon stock using multitemporal satellite data in semiarid region of Rajasthan, India

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 513-529页

作者： Garima sharma L.K.sharma K.C.sharma Department of Environmental Science Central University of RajasthanNH-8BandarsindriRajasthan 305817India M.D.S.University AjmerRajasthanIndia.

Background:Land use change plays a vital role in global carbon *** land use change impact on soil carbon stock is crucial for implementing land use management to increase carbon stock and reducing carbon ***,the objective of our study was to determine land use change and to assess its effect on soil carbon stock in semi-arid part of Rajasthan,*** temporal satellite data of Pushkar valley region of Rajasthan acquired on 1993,2003,and 2014 were analyzed to assess land use *** trading of land use was depicted *** organic carbon(SOC)stock was calculated for soil to a depth of 30 cm in each land use type in 2014 using field data *** SOC stock for previous years was estimated using stock change *** effect of land use change on SOC stock was determined by calculating change in SOC stock(t/ha)by deducting the base-year SOC stock from the final year stock of a particular land use ***:The total area under agricultural lands was increased by 32.14%while that under forest was decreased by 23.14%during the time period of 1993–*** land use change shows that in both the periods(1993–2003 and 2003–2014),7%of forest area was converted to agricultural land and about 15%changes occurred among agricultural *** 1993–2003,changes among agricultural land led to maximum loss of soil carbon,i.e.,4.88 Mt C and during 2003–2014,conversion of forest to agricultural land led to loss in 3.16 Mt ***:There was a continuous decrease in forest area and increase in cultivated area in each time *** use change led to alteration in carbon equity in soil due to change or loss in ***,we can conclude that the internal trading of land use area during the 10-year period(1993–2003)led to net loss of SOC stock by 8.29 Mt ***,land use change during 11-year period(2003–2014)caused net loss of SOC by 2.76 Mt *** should be made to implement proper land

关键词： Multitemporal satellite data Land use change dynamics Internal trading of land use SOC stock,Stock change factor Change in SOC pool Land use management

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Instability of binary nanofluids with magnetic field

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2015年第6期36卷 693-706页

作者： U.GUPTA J.sharma V.sharma Dr.S.S.Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology Panjab University Energy Research Centre Panjab University Department of Mathematics Himachal Pradesh University

The present paper investigates the effects of a vertical magnetic field on the double diffusive nanofluid convection, The effects of the Brownian motion and ther- mophoresis due to the presence of nanoparticles and the effects of the Dufour and Sorer parameters due to the presence of solute are included in the investigated model. The normal mode technique is used to solve the conservation equations. For the analytical study, valid approximations are made in the complex expression for the Rayleigh number to get useful and interesting results. The bottom heavy binary nanofluids are more stable than the regular binary fluids, while the top heavy binary nanofluids are less stable than the regular binary fluids. The critical wave number and the critical Rayleigh number in- crease whereas the frequency of oscillation （for the bottom heavy configuration） decreases when the Chandrasekhar number increases. The numerical results for the alumina-water nanofiuid are studied by use of the MATHEMATICA software.

关键词： natural convection binary nanofluid Brownian motion thermophoresis,Chandrasekhar number

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Systematic review with expert consensus on use of extracorporeal hemoadsorption in septic shock:An Indian perspective

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2024年第1期13卷 65-75页

作者： Yatin Mehta Abdul Samad Ansari Amit Kumar Mandal Dipanjan Chatterjee Gauri Shankar sharma Prachee Sathe Purvesh V Umraniya Rajib Paul Sachin Gupta Vinod Singh Yogendra Pal Singh Institute of Critical Care and Anesthesiology Medanta The MedicityGurgaon 122001HaryanaIndia Department of Critical Care Nanavati Max Super Specialty HospitalMumbai 400065India Department of Pulmonology Sleep and Critical CareFortis HospitalMohaliPunjabMohali 160062PunjabIndia Department of Cardio-Puimonary Critical Care Medica Superspecialty HospitalKolkata 700099India Department of Critical Care Medicine Fortis HospitalNew Delhi 110070India Department of Critical Care Medicine D.Y.Patil Medical CollegeSant Tukaram NagarPimpri ColonyPimpri-ChinchwadPune 411018India Department of Critical Care Medicine Bhailal Amin General HospitalVadodara 390003GujaratIndia Department of Internal Medicine Apollo HospitalsJubilee HillsHyderabad 500033India Department of Anaesthesiology Narayana Superspeciality HospitalGurugram 122002India Department of Critical Care Medicine Institute of Critical Care MedicineHospital Name-Sir Ganga Ram HospitalNew Delhi 110001India Department of Critical Care Medicine Max Super Speciality HospitalDelhi 110092India

BACKGROUND Septic shock is a severe form of sepsis characterised by deterioration in circulatory and cellular-metabolic *** standard therapy,the outcomes are *** adjuvant therapy,such as CytoSorb®extracorporeal haemoadsorption device,has been investigated and shown promising ***,there is a lack of some guidance to make clinical decisions on the use of CytoSorb®haemoadsorption as an adjuvant therapy in septic shock in Indian ***,this expert consensus was *** To formulate/establish specific consensus statements on the use of CytoSorb®haemoadsorption treatment based on the best available evidence and contextualised to the Indian *** We performed a comprehensive literature on CytoSorb®haemoadsorption in sepsis,septic shock in PubMed selecting papers published between January 2011 and March 20232021 in English *** statements for a consensus document were developed based on the summarised literature analysis and identification of knowledge *** a modified Delphi approach combining evidence appraisal and expert opinion,the following topics related to CytoSorb®in septic shock were addressed:need for adjuvant therapy,initiation timeline,need for Interleukin-6 levels,duration of therapy,change of adsorbers,safety,prerequisite condition,efficacy endpoints and management *** expert members from critical care,emergency medicine,and the intensive care participated and voted on nine statements and one open-ended *** Eleven expert members from critical care,emergency medicine,and the intensive care participated and voted on nine statements and one open-ended *** 11 experts in the consensus group(100%)participated in the first,second and third round of *** three iterative voting rounds and adapting two statements,consensus was achieved on nine statements out of nine *** consensus expert panel also recognised the necessity to form an associatio

关键词： Consensus CytoSorb Cytokine Hemoadsorption Refractory Sepsis Septic shock

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Screening of the whole human cytochrome P450 complement(CYPome)with enzyme bag cocktails

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第3期10卷 271-276页

作者： Sangeeta Shrestha sharma Shishir sharma Matthias Bureik School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Health Sciences PlatformTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China

We have previously introduced the use of permeabilized fission yeast cells(enzyme bags)that recombinantly express full-length CYPs for drug metabolism *** enzyme bags are cells with pores that function as enzymes in *** can easily be prepared without a need for ultracentrifugation and may be used in similar protocols as *** this study we report the preparation of enzyme bag cocktails that permit the testing of multiple CYPs in a single enzyme bag ***,we established a convenient testing scheme that permits a rapid screen of all human CYPs for activity towards any given candidate *** important aspect of this approach is the reduction of individual CYP test *** a cocktail containing many CYPs tests negative,it follows that all CYPs included in that cocktail need not be tested individually,thus saving time and *** new protocol was validated using two probe substrates.

关键词： Cytochrome P450 Drug metabolism Fission yeast Luminescence Proluciferin

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Remote sensing and census based assessment and scope for improvement of rice and wheat water productivity in the Indo-Gangetic Basin

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3300-3308页

作者： sharma Bharat International Water Management Institute (IWMI) New Delhi Office NASC Complex CG Block Dev Prakash Shastri Marg Pusa New Delhi 110012 India

Understanding of crop water productivity (WP) over large scale, e.g., river basin, has significant impli-cations for sustainable basin development planning. This paper presents a simplified approach to combine remote sensing, census and weather data to analyze basin rice and wheat WP in Indo-Gangetic River Basin, South Asia. A crop dominance map is synthesized from ground truth data and three existing LULC maps. National statistics on crop area and production information are collected and the yield is interpolated to pixel level using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Crop evapotranspiration is mapped using simplified surface energy balance (SSEB) model with MODIS land surface temperature products and meteorological data collected from 56 weather stations. The average ET by rice and wheat is 368 mm and 210 mm respectively, accounting for only 69% and 65% of potential ET, and 67% and 338% of rainfall of the crop growth period measured from Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM). Average WP for rice and wheat is 0.84 and 1.36 kg/m3 respectively. WP variability generally follows the same trend as shown by crop yield disregarding climate and topography changes. Sum of rice-wheat water productivity, however, exhibits different variability leading to better understanding of irrigation water management as wheat heavily relies on irrigation. Causes for variations and scope for improvement are also analyzed.

关键词： crop water productivity remote sensing census Indo-Gangetic Basin

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An overview of deep eutectic solvents:Alternative for organic electrolytes,aqueous systems&ionic liquids for electrochemical energy storage

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第7期82卷 592-626,I0013页

作者： Akshay sharma Renuka sharma Ramesh C.Thakur Lakhveer Singh Department of Chemistry Himachal Pradesh UniversitySummer HillShimla171005Himachal PradeshIndia Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel UniversityMandi175001Himachal PradeshIndia

As the demand for sustainable energy sources continues to rise,the need for efficient and reliable energy storage systems becomes *** order to effectively store and distribute renewable energy,new and innovative solutions must be *** review examines the deep eutectic solvents(DESs)as a green,safe,and affordable solution for the electrochemical energy storage and conversion field,offering tremendous opportunities and a promising *** are a class of environment-friendly solvents known for their low toxicity and unique properties,such as their good conductivity,high thermal stability,and *** review explores the fundamentals,preparations,and various interactions that often predominate in the formation of DESs,the properties of DESs,and how DESs are better than traditional solvents involving cost-ineffective and unsafe organic electrolytes and ionic liquids as well as inefficient aqueous systems due to low energy density for electrochemical energy storage ***,a particular focus is placed on the various electrochemical applications of DESs,including their role in the electrolytes in batteries/supercapacitors,electropolishing and electrodeposition of metals,synthesis of electrode materials,recycling of electrodes,and their potential for use in CO_(2)*** review concludes by exploring the challenges,research gaps,and future potential of DESs in electrochemical applications,providing a comprehensive overview,and highlighting key considerations for their design and use.

关键词： Deep eutectic solvent Green solventHole theory Energy storage devices Aqueous electrolyte

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Rice straw management through biofuel,biochar,mushroom cultivation,and paper production to overcome environmental pollution in North India

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第4期5卷 483-510页

作者： Vikram Kumar Pooja Singh Jyoti sharma Sakshi Saini Priyanka sharma Asha sharma Department of Botany Maharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtakHaryana124001India

Rice is the prominent food grain required by more than half of the world's population to fulfill their nutritional *** the continuous growth in the population at the global level,rice production has also been ***,high rice production also creates a new problem in waste management *** straw,generated after rice harvest,possesses meager nutritional value,due to which it is less preferred as fodder and burned in the *** burning is one of the major causes of air pollution,leading to lung,heart,eye,and skin-related diseases and even premature *** stubble burning also decreases soil *** this review article,we have discussed the various economic uses of paddy straw which will help to reduce air pollution through the decline in paddy straw *** is produced from paddy straw,which can be mixed into the soil to restore fertility and reduce toxic metals'*** generation of biofuels such as biobutanol,bioethanol,and biogas from rice straw with their mechanism of synthesis is also discussed in this *** straw can also be utilized in the preparation of solid *** with this,mushroom cultivation in paddy straw houses is also *** straw can be used for the pulp and paper industries,which will help to reduce the tree dependence of these *** from this,a bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database on rice straw uses for the last 20 years was done,including a bibliographic keyword analysis to show published documents'*** review will give an elaborated overview of the alternative uses of rice straw with a quantitative analysis of air pollution caused by paddy straw *** review will also help to improve the current uses of paddy straw for industrial and commercial benefits to make it more economical.

关键词： Rice straw Environment pollution Biochar Biofuels Mushroom cultivation Paper and pulp

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Influence of Accompanying Anions on Potassium Retention and Leaching in Potato Growing Alluvial Soils

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Pedosphere 2013年第4期23卷 464-471页

作者： V.sharma K.N.sharma Department of Soils Punjab Agricultural University

A column study was carried out to assess the influence of accompanying anions on potassium （K） leaching at potato growing sites with different soil textures （sandy loam and clay loam） in northwestern India. Potassium was applied in the top 15 cm layer of soil column at 30 and 60 mg K kg-1 through different sources having different accompanying anions （CI-, SO^-, NO3 and H2PO4-）. Maximum K was retained in the top 0-15 cm layer with a sharp decrease in K content occurring in 15 30 cm layer of the soil column. The trend was similar for both levels of applied K as well as frequency of leaching and soil type. The decrease of K content in soil column after four leaching events was maximum in case of Khanaura sandy loam, while only minor decrease was observed in Hundowal clay loam when K was applied at 60 mg K kg-1, indicating higher potential of clay rich soil to adsorb K. In general, the K leaching in presence of the accompanying anions followed the order of SO4^2-≤ H2PO42- 〈 NO3 = Cl-. Highest 1 mol·L^-1 CH3COONH4-extractable K was retained when K was applied along with SO4^2- and H2PO4 anions, and the least was retained when accompanying anion was Cl-. The influence of anions was more pronounced in the light textured soil and at high amounts of K application. Higher levels of K application resulted in higher losses of K, especially in sandy loam soil as observed from the leachate concentration. Among the different K sources, the maximum amount of K leaching was noticed in the soil column amended with KC1. After four leachings, the maximum amount of K leached out was 6.40 mg L-1 in Hundowal clay loam and 9.29 mg L-1 in Khanaura sandy loam at 60 mg K kg-1 of soil application through KC1. These concentrations were lower than the recommended guideline of the World Health Organisation （12.00 mg L-1）.

关键词： column study leaching events potassium application potassium sources soil texture

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Mechanical, electrical, and thermal expansion properties of carbon nanotube-based silver and silver–palladium alloy composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第11期21卷 1132-1140页

作者： Hemant Pal Vimal sharma Department of Physics National Institute of Technology Department of Physics Govt. Post graduate College

The mechanical, electrical, and thermal expansion properties of carbon nanotube（CNT）-based silver and silver–palladium（10：1, w/w） alloy nanocomposites are reported. To tailor the properties of silver, CNTs were incorporated into a silver matrix by a modified molecular level-mixing process. CNTs interact weakly with silver because of their non-reactive nature and lack of mutual solubility. Therefore, palladium was utilized as an alloying element to improve interfacial adhesion. Comparative microstructural characterizations and property evaluations of the nanocomposites were performed. The structural characterizations revealed that decorated type-CNTs were dispersed, embedded, and anchored into the silver matrix. The experimental results indicated that the modification of the silver and silver–palladium nanocomposite with CNT resulted in increases in the hardness and Young＇s modulus along with concomitant decreases in the electrical conductivity and the coefficient of thermal expansion（CTE）. The hardness and Young＇s modulus of the nanocomposites were increased by 30%？40% whereas the CTE was decreased to 50%-60% of the CTE of silver. The significantly improved CTE and the mechanical properties of the CNT-reinforced silver and silver–palladium nanocomposites are correlated with the intriguing properties of CNTs and with good interfacial adhesion between the CNTs and silver as a result of the fabrication process and the contact action of palladium as an alloying element.

关键词： metal matrix composites carbon nanotubes mechanical properties coefficient of thermal expansion electrical conductivity

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Structural features of substituted triazole-linked chalcone derivatives as antimalarial activities against D_(10) strains of Plasmodium falciparum: A QSAR approach

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第10期22卷 3738-3744页

作者： Mukesh C.sharma Division of Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab School of Pharmacy Devi Ahilya University Takshila Campus

A quantitative structure–activity relationship(QSAR) was performed to analyze antimalarial activities against the D10 strains of Plasmodium falciparum of triazole-linked chalcone and dienone hybrid derivatives using partial least squares regression coupled with stepwise forward–backward variable selection method. QSAR analyses were performed on the available IC50 D10 strains of Plasmodium falciparum data based on theoretical molecular descriptors. The QSAR model developed gave good predictive correlation coefficient(r2) of 0.8994, significant cross validated correlation coefficient(q2) of 0.7689, r2 for external test set)(2predr of 0.8256, coefficient of correlation of predicted data set)(2sepred,r of 0.3276. The model shows that antimalarial activity is greatly affected by donor and electron-withdrawing substituents. The study implicates that chalcone and dienone rings should have strong donor and electron-withdrawing substituents as they increase the activity of chalcone. Results show that the predictive ability of the model is satisfactory, and it can be used for designing similar group of antimalarial compounds. The findings derived from this analysis along with other molecular modeling studies will be helpful in designing of the new potent antimalarial activity of clinical utility.

关键词： quantitative structure–activity relationship(QSAR) chalcone antimalarial Plasmodium falciparum stepwise forward–backward partial least squares

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