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Radiation-induced oral mucositis hamster model using a linear accelerator enhances clinical relevance of preclinical studies for treatment strategy investigation

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2021年第1期4卷 47-53页

作者： Carolyn T.jordan Emily M.Bradford Dennis C.Cheek Mahesh Kudrimoti Craig s.Miller Molly H.smith j.Zach Hilt Thomas D.Dziubla Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Internal Medicine University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Radiation Medicine University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Oral Health Practice University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA

Translational animal models for oral mucositis(OM)are necessary to simulate and assess the bioclinical effects and response in *** models should simulate high levels of radiation exposure that leads to oxidative stress and inflammatoryinitiated tissue *** models have been extensively studied to observe pathological effects of radiation exposure and help in the development of effective *** successfully evaluate the potential for treatment regimens with consistency and relevance,a radiation-induced OM hamster model was developed using a clinical linear accelerator utilized by cancer patients *** dose exposure to the isolated,everted cheek pouch of a hamster,as well as the progression of injury,proinflammatory marker,histological,and elasticity analyses of the buccal pouch were conducted to verify replicability and reproducibility of the injury *** findings from this model demonstrated its ability to consistently induce injury and resolution over 28 days using an acute dose of 60 *** model was developed to enhance clinical relevance when evaluating potential efficacious treatments and can now be utilized in efficacy studies to better evaluate developed therapeutics in a preclinical model that is easy to translate to clinical studies..

关键词： animal models radiotherapy stomatitis

Microwave Detection, Disruption, and Inactivation of Microorganisms

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American journal of Analytical Chemistry 2022年第4期13卷 135-161页

作者： Victor j. Law Denis P. Dowling school of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Ireland

This paper reviews three complex interactions between microwave energy and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). The first interaction comprises the detection of viruses within human blood using a 50-Ohm transmission-line vector net-analyzer (typically 0 to 10 dBm @ 2 to 8.5 GHz) where the blood is placed within a test chamber that acts as a non-50-Ohm discontinuity. The second interaction employs 1 to 6.5 W @ 8 to 26 GHz for microwave feed-horn illumination to inactivate microorganisms at an applied power density of 10 to 100 mWsup>-2sup>. The third interaction is within multi-mode microwave ovens, where microorganism cell membrane disruption occurs at a few 100 s of W @ 2.45 GHz and microorganism inactivation between 300 to 1800 W @ 2.45 GHz. Within the first microwave interaction, blood relaxation processes are examined. Whereas in the latter two microwave interactions, the following disruption, and inactivation mechanisms are examined: chemical cellular lysis and, microwave resonant absorption causing cell wall rupture, and thermodynamic analysis in terms of process energy budget and suspension energy density. In addition, oven-specific parameters are discussed.

关键词： Bacteria Fungi Virus Hepatitis C Virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus Detection Disruption Inactivation N95 Respirator Microwave Oven

Heat transfer on peristaltic flow of fourth grade fluid in inclined asymmetric channel with partial slip

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2012年第10期33卷 1313-1328页

作者： O.U.MEHMOOD N.MUsTAPHA s.sHAFIE Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 UTM JohorJohor BharuMalaysia

In this paper, the effects of slip and heat transfer are studied on the peristaltic transport of a magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） fourth grade fluid. The governing equations are modeled and solved under the long wavelength approximation by using a regular perturbation method. Explicit expressions of solutions for the stream function, the velocity, the pressure gradient, the temperature, and the heat transfer coefficient are presented. Pumping and trapping phenomena are analyzed for increasing the slip parameter. Further, the temperature profiles and the heat transfer coefficient are observed for various increasing parameters. It is found that these parameters considerably affect the considered flow characteristics. Comparisons with published results for the no-slip case are found in close agreement.

关键词： peristaltic flow fourth grade fluid heat transfer slip condition inclinedchannel

Geographic patterns of plant-herbivore interactions are driven by soil fertility

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journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第4期12卷 653-661页

作者： joshua s.Lynn jason D.Fridley Department of Biology Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Department of Biology University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA

Aims Geographic patterns of the intensity of plant herbivory in relation to climate factors have garnered little general support and appear to be species ***,plant-herbivore interactions are also driven by resource availability,such as soil nutrient content,and it remains unclear whether broad-scale variation in soil factors is reflected in herbivore consumption rates across species’***,we know little of how intraspecific variation in tissue quality associates with edaphic and climatic factors,and how this variation controls herbivore *** resource availability hypothesis(RAH)predicts that plant individuals growing in low-resource environments will have lower leaf nutritional quality and more constitutive defenses,which will result in lower rates of leaf *** We collected leaves from the old-field dominant species,solidago altissima L.,from 20 sites across 10 degrees of latitude in the Eastern UsA to determine the percentage leaf area consumed by insect *** obtained soil and climate data for each site,as well as plant functional and defensive traits,including specific leaf area(sLA),leaf carbon:nitrogen(C:N),and trichome *** Findings Although we found no significant latitudinal trend of leaf consump-tion rate,there was strong evidence that leaf herbivory decreased with leaf C:N and trichome density,which themselves decreased with soil N,supporting our hypothesis that the RAH applies for intraspecific variation across spatial ***,high precipitation seasonality and soil nitrogen predicted decreased *** results suggest that spatial variation in herbivory can be driven by factors other than herbivore communities and climatic gradients,and that bottom-up processes,where plant traits and soil fertility control leaf consumption,must be incorporated into spatial predictions of herbivory.

关键词： biogeography bottom-up controls old fields plant-insect interactions plant functional and defense traits

同步抽运飞秒光参量振荡器中的载波-包络相位控制及其应用

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科学通报 2008年第1期53卷 14-22页

作者：孙敬华 B.j.s.Gale D.T.Reid Ultrafast Optics Group School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh EH14 4ASUK 中国科学院物理研究所光物理开放实验室北京100080

同步抽运飞秒光参量振荡器(OPO)以及抽运源所构成的飞秒脉冲系统具有内在同步、多波长脉冲输出以及各脉冲的载波-包络相位(CEP)的内在关联等特性,在超宽频率梳以及脉冲的相干合成方面具有先天的优势.本文阐述了一系列该研究方向的最新成... 详细信息

同步抽运飞秒光参量振荡器(OPO)以及抽运源所构成的飞秒脉冲系统具有内在同步、多波长脉冲输出以及各脉冲的载波-包络相位(CEP)的内在关联等特性,在超宽频率梳以及脉冲的相干合成方面具有先天的优势.本文阐述了一系列该研究方向的最新成果,诸如探讨了OPO内载波-包络相位与能量守恒的关系,并通过实验进行了检验;利用自参考法控制了作为抽运源的飞秒钛宝石激光器CEP,并通过压电陶瓷(PZT)锁定了其脉冲重复频率;利用OPO产生的非相位匹配可见光,并以抽运光的超连续作为参考,通过OPO端镜上的快速PZT控制了OPO产生的所有脉冲的CEP,从而获得400nm～2.4μm超宽频率梳,控制精度高于1.2kHz带宽;并利用波长相近相位锁定的抽运光以及信号光倍频实现了不同脉冲的相位相干,为产生极窄的合成光脉冲打下了基础.

关键词：光参量振荡器载波-包络相位相干合成频率梳

加拿大Quetico沉积变质带中亚固相浅色体与深熔混合岩浅色体的时间及成分的差异

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地质科技情报 1989年第3期8卷 19-25页

作者： E.W.sawyer s.-j.Barnes 王河锦

Quetico沉积变质带中的混合岩含有两类浅色体:1.顺层浅色体:它们是在变形作用与前进变质作用中产生的.与 Quetico沉积变质物相比较,这些浅色体富含sio_2、sr和Eu,而贫Tio_2、Fe_2O_3、MgO、Cs、Rb、REE、sc、Th、Zr及Hf.2.切层浅色体:... 详细信息

Quetico沉积变质带中的混合岩含有两类浅色体:1.顺层浅色体:它们是在变形作用与前进变质作用中产生的.与 Quetico沉积变质物相比较,这些浅色体富含sio_2、sr和Eu,而贫Tio_2、Fe_2O_3、MgO、Cs、Rb、REE、sc、Th、Zr及Hf.2.切层浅色体:它们形成于区域性褶皱事件之后,此时变质温度正值其峰值.与Quetico沉积变质物相比,这些浅色体富含Rb、Ba、sr和Eu,且LREE、Th、Zr和Hf的含量变化较大.顺层浅色体是由一种称为构造分结作用的亚固相过程所形成的.这种由应力导致的块体转移过程于Quetico沉积变质物被埋藏而发生变形时就己开始,并在岩石经受应力和非均质化的过程中一直都在持续进行,亚固相浅色体的成分是与在压溶作用下经主岩活化作用而来的石英和长石相一致的.切层浅色体是在变质带的抬升过程中由Quetico沉积变质岩的部分熔融所形成的.在浅色体侵位过程中,由于结晶分馏作用而使深熔浅色体的成分有很大变化.有些深熔浅色体保存了初始熔体的成分,并具有平滑的REE型式,而具负EU异常的那些则代表分馏熔体,其它具有正EU异常的深熔浅色体则代表长石与所俘获对熔体的聚集.

关键词： Quetico 沉积变质混合岩初始熔体变质作用切层侵位变质带变形作用部分熔融

study on Characteristics of Co-firing Ammonia/Methane Fuels under Oxygen Enriched Combustion Conditions

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journal of Thermal science 2018年第3期27卷 270-276页

作者： XIAO Hua WANG Zhaolin valERA-MEDINA Agustin BOWEN Philip j school of Engineering Cardiff University College of Energy Xiamen University

Having a background of utilising ammonia as an alternative fuel for power generation, exploring the feasibility of co-firing ammonia with methane is proposed to use ammonia to substitute conventional natural gas. However, improvement of the combustion of such fuels can be achieved using conditions that enable an increase of oxygenation, thus fomenting the combustion process of a slower reactive molecule as ammonia. Therefore, the present study looks at oxygen enriched combustion technologies, a proposed concept to improve the performance of ammonia/methane combustion. To investigate the characteristics of ammonia/methane combustion under oxygen enriched conditions, adiabatic burning velocity and burner stabilized laminar flame emissions were studied. simulation results show that the oxygen enriched method can help to significantly enhance the propagation of ammonia/methane combustion without changing the emission level, which would be quite promising for the design of systems using this fuel for practical applications. Furthermore, to produce low computational-cost flame chemistry for detailed numerical analyses for future combustion studies, three reduced combustion mechanisms of the well-known Konnov's mechanism were compared in ammonia/methane flame simulations under practical gas turbine combustor conditions. Results show that the reduced reaction mechanisms can provide good results for further analyses of oxygen enriched combustion of ammonia/methane. The results obtained in this study also allow gas turbine designers and modellers to choose the most suitable mechanism for further combustion studies and development.

关键词：甲烷燃烧燃烧条件氧化学习特征氨火焰模拟燃料利用

Chinese life cycle impact assessment factors

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journal of Environmental sciences 2001年第2期13卷 205-209页

作者： Yang, j.-X. Nielsen, P.H. Research Cntr. for Eco-Envtl. sci. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The methodological basis and procedures for determination of Chinese normalization references and weighting factors according to the EDIP-method is described. According to Chinese industrial development intensity and population density, China was divided into three regions and the normalization references for each region were calculated on the basis of an inventory of all of the region's environmental emissions in 1990. The normalization reference was determined as the total environmental impact potential for the area in question in 1990(EP(j)90) divided by the population. The weighting factor was determined as the normalization reference (ER(j)90) divided by society's target contribution in the year 2000 based on Chinese political reduction plans, ER(j)T2000. This paper presents and discuss results obtained for eight different environmental impact categories relevant for China: global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, acidification, nutrient enrichment, photochemical ozone formation and generation of bulk waste, hazardous waste and slag and ashes.

关键词： Environmental impact Global warming Life cycle Ozone sustainable development

Varicocele management in the era of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection

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Asian journal of Andrology 2016年第3期18卷 343-348,I0006,I0007页

作者： Piyush Pathak aravind Chandrashekar Tariq s Hakky Alexander W Pastuszak scott Department of Urology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA scott Department of Urology Kaiser Permanente Riverside Medical Center Riverside CAUSA Advanced Uro ogy At anta GA USA scott Department of Urology Center for Reproductive Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA scott Department of Urology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TxUSA.

Varicocele is the most common surgically treatable cause of male infertility, and often results in alterations in semen parameters, sperm DNA damage, and changes to the seminal milieu. Varicocele repair can result in improvement in these parameters in the majority of men with clinical varicocele; data supporting repair in men with subclinical varicocele are less definitive. In couples seeking fertility using assisted reproductive technologies （arTs）, varicocele repair may offer improvement in semen parameters and sperm health that can increase the likelihood of successful fertilization using techniques such as in vitro fertilization （IVF） or intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICsI）, or may decrease the level of arT needed to achieve successful pregnancy. Male infertility is an indicator of general male health, and evaluation of the infertile male with an eye toward future health can facilitate optimal screening and treatment of these men. Furthermore, varicocele may represent a progressive lesion, offering an argument for its repair, although this is currently unclear.

关键词： hypogonadism Leydig cell male fertility sertoli cell varicocele