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Journal of semiconductors 2014年第4期35卷 48-51页

作者： s.theodore chandra N.B.Balamurugan National Instruments Electronics Laboratory Department of ECE Thiagarajar College of Engineering

We have analyzed the effective oxide thickness （EOT） of the dielectric material for which we have optimum performance and the output characteristics of the silicon nanowire transistors by replacing the traditional si02 gate insulator with a material that has a much higher dielectric constant （high-k） gate, materials like si3N4, Al2O3, Y2O3 and HfO2. We have also analyzed the channel conductance, the effect of a change in thickness, the average velocity of the charge carrier and the conductance efficiency in order to study the performance of silicon nanowire transistors in the nanometer region. The analysis was performed using the Fettoy, a numerical simulator for ballistic nanowire transistors using a simple top of the barrier （Natori） approach, which is composed of several matlab scripts. Our results show that hafnium oxide （HfO2） gate insulator material provides good thermal stability, a high recrystallization temperature and better interface qualities when compared with other gate insulator materials; also the effective oxide thickness of lifO2 is found to be 0.4 nm.

关键词： high-k dielectric hafnium oxide silicon nanowire transistor effective oxide thickness

subthreshold behavior of AlInsb/Insb high electron mobility transistors

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第7期24卷 360-364页

作者： s.theodore chandra N.B.Balamurugan G.Lakshmi Priya s.Manikandan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Thiagarajar College of Engineering

We propose a scaling theory for single gate Al In sb/In sb high electron mobility transistors（HEMTs） by solving the two-dimensional（2D） Poisson equation. In our model, the effective conductive path effect（ECPE） is taken into account to overcome the problems arising from the device scaling. The potential in the effective conducting path is developed and a simple scaling equation is derived. This equation is solved to obtain the minimum channel potential Φdeff,minand the new scaling factor α to model the subthreshold behavior of the HEMTs. The developed model minimizes the leakage current and improves the subthreshold swing degradation of the HEMTs. The results of the analytical model are verified by numerical simulation with a sentaurus TCAD device simulator.

关键词： scaling theory subthreshold behavior effective conducting path effect short channel effect

Analysis of charge density and Fermi level of Al In sb/In sb single-gate high electron mobility transistor

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Journal of semiconductors 2015年第6期36卷 47-52页

作者： s.theodore chandra N.B.Balamurugan M.Bhuvaneswari N.Anbuselvan N.Mohankumar National Instruments Electronics Laboratory Department of ECE Thiagarajar College of Engineering Department of ECE SKP Engineering College

A compact model is proposed to derive the charge density of the AlInsb/Insb HEMT devices by con- sidering the variation of Fermi level, the first subband, the second subband and sheet carrier charge density with applied gate voltage. The proposed model considers the Fermi level dependence of charge density and vice versa. The analytical results generated by the proposed model are compared and they agree well with the experimental results. The developed model can be used to implement a physics based compact model for an Insb HEMT device in sPICE applications.

关键词： charge density Fermi level high electron mobility transistor 2D analytical model

Compact analytical model for single gate AlInsb/Insb high electron mobility transistors

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Journal of semiconductors 2014年第11期35卷 46-50页

作者： s.theodore chandra N.B.Balamurugan G.subalakshmi T.shalini G.Lakshmi Priya National Instruments Electronics Laboratory Department of ECEThiagarajar College of Engineering

We have developed a 2D analytical model for the single gate Allnsb/lnsb HEMT device by solving the Poisson equation using the parabolic approximation method. The developed model analyses the device perfomance by calculating the parameters such as surface potential, electric field distribution and drain current. The high mobility of the AlInsb/Insb quantum makes this HEMT ideal for high frequency, high power applications. The working of the single gate Allnsb/Insb HEMT device is studied by considering the variation of gate source voltage, drain source voltage, and channel length under the gate region and temperature. The carrier transport efficiency is improved by uniform electric field along the channel and the peak values near the source and drain regions. The results from the analytical model are compared with that of numerical simulations （TCAD） and a good agreement between them is achieved.

关键词： high electron mobility transistor AlInsb/Insb quantum well 2D analytical model Poisson's equation surface potential electric field

An Autopsy and Histopathology-based study to Ascertain the Cause of Death of Brought Dead Cases

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Journal of Forensic science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 28-33页

作者： Chandan Bandyopadhyay Prabir chandra Paul Prabhas chandra Chakraborty Department of Forensic and state Medicine Medical CollegeKolkataWest BengalIndia Department of Pathology Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Science and HospitalKolkataWest BengalIndia Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology NRS Medical College and HospitalKolkataand M.G.M Medical College and L S.K HospitalKishanganjBiharIndia

Background and Objectives:The cases of apparent natural deaths are encountered in the hospital casualties who are noted dead at the time of the first medical attention and as such are labeled as“Brought Dead.”These include the cases of sudden death,unexplained death,and unattended *** cause of such deaths is reported in the literature to emanate principally from the cardiovascular system,though there are some documented geographical,racial,and other *** the present study,we endeavored to detect the cause of such natural deaths in terms of the disease and the organ system involved,in the deceased individuals of the contemporary Bengali population,with cases due to obvious unnatural causes being *** and Methods:An observational,cross-sectional study with 105(n=105,male:89,female:16)study subjects of age group of 20-80 years,selected by systemic random sampling,from the brought dead subjects coming to the mortuary of the NRs Medical College and Hospital for medicolegal autopsy from April 2011 to March 2012,excluding cases having a history of the obvious unnatural *** system-wise gross examination was done,followed by tissue sampling for histopathological *** case-wise findings were tabulated and analyzed for descriptive statistics using sPss ***:In the present study,89 cases were male(84.8%)and 16 cases were female(15.2%),which reflects a male:female ratio of 5.56:*** dead bodies are mostly recovered from the footpaths(47 cases,44%).sixty-four(61%)cases are of known *** 54 cases out of 105(51.4%),morbid pathology is detected in the respiratory system(Rs),lobar pneumonia,and cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis being the most frequent disease entity,in both ***-one years-sixty-five years is found to be the most commonly affected age group,in both *** and Conclusions:The present study shows that the most common organ system involved in brought dead cases is the Rs,which is s

关键词： Autopsy brought dead cause of death histopathology

Fractional order prey-predator model incorporating immigration on prey:Complexity analysis and its control

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第5期17卷 285-317页

作者： Md.Jasim Uddin chandra Nath Podder Departmentof Mathematics University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000Bangladesh

In this paper,the Caputo fractional derivative is assumed to be the prey-predator *** order to create Caputo fractional differential equations for the prey-predator model,a discretization process is first *** fixed points of the model are categorized *** identify requirements for the fixed points of the suggested prey-predator model's local asymptotic *** demonstrate analytically that,under specific parametric conditions,a fractional order prey-predator model supports both a Neimark-sacker(Ns)bifurcation and a Flip *** present evidence for Ns and Flip bifurcations using central manifold and bifurcation *** parameter values and the initial conditions have been found to have a profound impact on the dynamical behavior of the fractional order prey-predator *** the bifurcation parameter is increased,the system displays chaotic *** simulations are shown to demonstrate chaotic behaviors like bifurcations,phase portraits,invariant closed cycles,and attractive chaotic sets in addition to validating analytical *** suggested prey-predator dynamical system's chaotic behavior will be controlled by the OGY and hybrid control methodology,which will also visualize the chaotic state for various biological parameters.

关键词： Prey-predator model Caputo fractional derivative Flip and Neimark-sacker(Ns)bifurcations immigration chaos control numerical simulation

The Determination of Heritability in palatal Rugae Pattern among Parents and their Off-springs in Western India-A Cross-sectional study

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Journal of Forensic science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 42-46页

作者： Aishwarya Bhatnagar sugandha Arya Jyothi s Kumar Aishwarya Arya Kailash chandra Morya sudhir Baroopal Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Vyas Dental College and HospitalJodhpurRajasthanIndia Department of Conservative and Endodontics Vyas Dental College and HospitalJodhpurRajasthanIndia

Background:Palatal rugae are asymmetrical elevations present on hard palate and are significant due to their uniqueness,stability and thus,aid in forensic ***:The objective is to determine palatal rugae morphology between parents and their offsprings and to determine their genetic *** and Methods:This randomized controlled cross-sectional single-blinded study was conducted on 50 families(randomly selected)who visited Vyas Dental College and Hospital.A total of 150 maxillary study models were examined and rugae were delineated and shape,size,and pattern of rugae were ***:Weak but significant correlation was seen in the nonspecific and angular type of palatal rugae between child and mother and child and father as Ps seen for curved,wavy,divergent,straight,horseshoe,angular,and nonspecific type of rugae with the higher%of wavy pattern matching(52%with mother and 54%with father).A considerable number of samples showed high heritability of primary and secondary rugae from both parents,but more predominantly to their mothers(branched,nonspecific,and straight).Conclusion:Both environmental and genetic factors can influence the rugae ***,studies should be conducted on a larger sample size to get more significant results.

关键词： Forensic identification heredity palatal rugae uniqueness

mRNA vaccines:a new era in vaccine development

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Oncology Research 2024年第10期32卷 1543-1564页

作者： sHUBHRA chandra JENNIFER C.WILsON DAVID GOOD MING Q.WEI school of Pharmacy&Medical sciences Gold Coast campusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4222Australia Menzies Health Institute Queensland(MHIQ) Gold Coast CampusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4215Australia school of Allied Health Australian Catholic UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4014Australia

The advent of RNA therapy,particularly through the development of mRNA cancer vaccines,has ushered in a new era in the field of *** article provides a concise overview of the key principles,recent advancements,and potential implications of mRNA cancer vaccines as a groundbreaking modality in cancer *** cancer vaccines represent a revolutionary approach to combatting cancer by leveraging the body’s innate immune *** vaccines are designed to deliver specific mRNA sequences encoding cancer-associated antigens,prompting the immune system to recognize and mount a targeted response against malignant *** personalized and adaptive nature of mRNA vaccines holds immense potential for addressing the heterogeneity of cancer and tailoring treatments to individual *** breakthroughs in the development of mRNA vaccines,exemplified by the success of COVID-19 vaccines,have accelerated their application in *** mRNA platform’s versatility allows for the rapid adaptation of vaccine candidates to various cancer types,presenting an agile and promising avenue for therapeutic *** trials of mRNA cancer vaccines have demonstrated encouraging results in terms of safety,immunogenicity,and *** candidates,such as BioNTech’s BNT111 and Moderna’s mRNA-4157,have exhibited promising outcomes in targeting melanoma and solid tumors,*** successes underscore the potential of mRNA vaccines to elicit robust and durable anti-cancer immune *** the field holds great promise,challenges such as manufacturing complexities and cost considerations need to be addressed for widespread *** development of scalable and cost-effective manufacturing processes,along with ongoing clinical research,will be pivotal in realizing the full potential of mRNA cancer ***,mRNA cancer vaccines represent a cutting-edge therapeutic approach that holds the promise of transforming cancer treatment.

关键词： Cancer immunotherapy Immune checkpoint Preventive&therapeutic vaccine Delivery system mRNA

Designated critical habitats for *** species are not protected from climate and land-use change

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Geography and sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 482-490页

作者： Aimee Delach Laura A.Nunes Alex Borowicz theodore C.Weber Center for Conservation Innovation Defenders of Wildlife113017th Street NWWashingtonD.C.20036United States

Designation of critical habitat is an important conservation tool for species listed as threatened or endangered under the United states(U.s.)Endangered species Act(EsA).While this is an important protective mechanism,lands designated as critical habitat could still be subject to degradation and fragmentation if they are not also in a protected status that prioritizes biodiversity ***,most designations of critical habitat do not explicitly take climate change into *** objective of our study was to determine whether and to what extent critical habitats for species listed under the EsA are located within protected areas and areas previously identified as climate refugia or climate corridors,to inform management strategies to better conserve and recover these *** mapped the designated critical habitats of 153 EsA-listed species and measured their overlap with previously-identified areas of climate refugia and corridors(CRC),and also with lands designated as nature-protected by *** survey’s Gap Analysis Project(GAP status 1 or 2)and working lands with wildlife habitat potential(GAP status 3).Only 18%of all designated critical habitat is located on lands that are both in CRC and nature-protected,and only 9%of species had over half of their designated critical habitats in such lands.84%of species hads with these *** habitats may therefore not fulfill their essential role of helping imperiled species persist and recover.

关键词： Endangered species Act Critical habitat Climate refugia Climate corridors Protected areas Biodiversity conservation

Dual-wavelength all-fiber Q-switched fiber laser using bismuth-doped fiber as saturable absorber

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第3期20卷 147-151页

作者： Aruna Ghosh Abdulkadir Mukhtar Diblawe Uttam Kumar samanta Moh Yasin sulaiman Wadi Harun Mukul chandra Paul Fiber Optics and Photonics Division CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research InstituteKolkata 700032India Physics Department Jadavpur UniversityKolkata 700032India Photonics Engineering Laboratory Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Department of Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyAirlangga UniversitySurabayaIndonesia

A passively Q-switched all-fiber laser is demonstrated using a 10-cm-long bismuth-doped fiber(BDF) as a saturable absorber(sA). The dual-wavelength operation was obtained due to the nonlinear effect inside the fabricated BDF, which has a high germanium content. stable Q-switched pulses were obtained at the dual synchronous wavelengths of 1 530.1 nm and 1 531.1 nm. When the pump power is tuned from 105.3 mW to 191.0 mW, the repetition rate can be varied from 82.6 kMz to 117.6 kHz. The maximum pulse energy and average output power were 83.4 nJ and 9.8 mW, respectively while the minimum pulse width was 8.5 μs at the maximum pump power of 191.0 mW. Our results indicate that BDF could be a promising alternative optical modulator for pulsed fiber laser application.

关键词： fiber switched pump