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In search of a pan-coronavirus vaccine:next-generation vaccine design and immune mechanisms

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 103-118页

作者： s.Cankat m.U.Demael L.swadling Division of Infection and Immunity Institute of Immunity and TransplantationUniversity College LondonPears BuildingLondon NW32PPUK

members of the coronaviridae family are endemic to human populations and have caused several epidemics and pandemics in recent *** this review,we will discuss the feasibility of and progress toward the ultimate goal of creating a pan-coronavirus vaccine that can protect against infection and disease by all members of the coronavirus *** will detail the unmet clinical need associated with the continued transmission of sARs-CoV-2,mERs-CoV and the four seasonal coronaviruses(HCoV-OC43,NL63,HkU1 and 229E)in humans and the potential for future zoonotic *** will highlight how first-generation sARs-CoV-2 vaccines and natural history studies have greatly increased our understanding of effective antiviral immunity to coronaviruses and have informed next-generation vaccine *** will then consider the ideal properties of a pan-coronavirus vaccine and propose a blueprint for the type of immunity that may offer ***,we will describe a subset of the diverse technologies and novel approaches being pursued with the goal of developing broadly or universally protective vaccines for coronaviruses.

关键词： Vaccine Coronavirus Cross-reactive immunity Cross-protection Universal

Prompt neutron emission in ^(250)No spontaneous fission associated with ground and isomeric state decays

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 112-117页

作者： R.s.mukhin A.V.Isaev A.V.Andreev m.L.Chelnokov V.I.Chepigin H.m.Devaraja I.N.Izosimov A.A.kuznetsova O.N.malyshev A.G.Popeko Yu.A.Popov A.Rahmatinejad B.sailaubekov T.m.shneidman E.A.sokol A.I.svirikhin m.s.Tezekbayeva m.A.Bychkov A.V.Yeremin O.Dorvaux B.Gall k.kessaci k.Hauschild A.Lopez-martens Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna141980Russia Dubna state University Dubna141982Russia Institute of Nuclear Physics Almaty050032Kazakhstan L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University Astana010008Kazakhstan kazan Federal University Kazan420008Russia Universitéde strasbourg CNRSStrasbourg67000France IJCLab IN2P3-CNRSUniversitéParis-SaclayOrsay91400France

The complete-fusion reaction^(204)Pb(^(48)Ca,2n)^(250)No was used to study two activities of^(250)No with distinct half-lives.A total of 1357 events were observed in the sFiNx neutron detection *** average number of neutrons emitted per spontaneous fission of^(250)No was determined to be(4.1±0.1).The unusually symmetrical shape of the prompt neutron multiplicity distribution was restored and presented for the first *** tests were performed to compare the prompt neutron multiplicity distributions associated with the ground state and k-isomer state decays.

关键词： spontaneous fission prompt neutrons actinide

multiple scales method for analyzing a forced damped rotational pendulum oscillatorwithgallows

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第5期76卷 58-67页

作者： Haifa A Alyousef Alvaro H salas B m Alotaibi s A El-Tantawy Department of Physics College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Department of mathematics and statistics Universidad Nacional de ColombiaFIZMAKO Research GroupColombia Department of Physics Faculty of SciencePort Said UniversityPort Said 42521Egypt Research Center for Physics(RCP) Department of PhysicsFaculty of Science and ArtsAl-MikhwahAl-Baha UniversityAl-Baha 1988Saudi Arabia

This study reports the analytical solution for a generalized rotational pendulum system with gallows and periodic excited *** multiple scales method(msm)is applied to solve the proposed *** types of rotational pendulum oscillators are studied and talked about in *** include the forced damped rotating pendulum oscillator with gallows,the damped standard simple pendulum oscillator,and the damped rotating pendulum oscillator without *** msm first-order approximations for all the cases mentioned are derived in *** obtained results are illustrated with concrete numerical *** first-order msm approximations are compared to the fourth-order Runge-kutta(Rk4)numerical ***,the maximum error is estimated for the first-order approximations obtained through the msm,compared to the numerical approximations obtained by the Rk4 ***,we conducted a comparative analysis of the outcomes obtained by the used method(msm)and He-msm to ascertain their respective levels of *** proposed method can be applied to analyze many strong nonlinear oscillatory equations.

关键词： rotational pendulum system multiple scales method approximate solution damped oscillations forced pendulum with gallows he-multiple scales method

Acceleration of solar wind particles due to inertial Alfvén waves

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第6期76卷 137-141页

作者： kiran Batool Imran A khan m shamir Abdul kabir s Ayaz Theoretical Physics Department National Centre for PhysicsIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of space sciences Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan space and Astrophysics Research Lab(sARL) National Center of GIS and Space Applications(NCGSA)Islamabad 44000Pakistan salam Chair Department of PhysicsGC University LahoreKatchery RoadLahorePunjab 54000Pakistan Department of space science and CsPAR University of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsvilleAL 35899United States of America

Gaining an understanding of the effects and dynamics of the solar wind is crucial for the study of space weather,Earth's magnetosphere,spacecraft protection,the dynamics of the solar system,and various other *** show that Alfvén waves effectively transfer energy to resonant *** study demonstrates how inertial Alfvén waves deliver their energy to resonant plasma particles in different solar environments under certain *** analysis shows that inertial Alfvén waves experience more rapid damping with increasing parallel wavenumber,ambient magnetic field strength,and particle number density,coupled with a decrease in *** rate of energy transfer to resonant particles intensifies with higher temperatures and reduced parallel wavenumber and particle number *** with higher initial velocities actively participate in Landau damping,especially in regions with a stronger ambient magnetic field.

关键词： solar wind inertial Alfven waves resonant particles

A new technique for fault diagnosis in transformer insulating oil based on infrared spectroscopy measurements

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High Voltage 2024年第2期9卷 319-335页

作者： mohamed m.F.Darwish mohamed H.A.Hassan Nagat m.k.Abdel-Gawad matti Lehtonen Diaa-Eldin A.mansour Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha UniversityCairoEgypt Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation School of Electrical EngineeringAalto UniversityEspooFinland Department of Electrical Power Engineering Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology(E-JUST)New Borg El-Arab CityEgypt Department of Electrical Power and machines Engineering Faculty of EngineeringTanta UniversityTantaEgypt

Condition monitoring of the insulating system within power transformers has a massive importance according to the electrical *** gas analysis(DGA)is frequently used for this ***,DGA lacks the necessary level of accuracy to identify all equipment faults,particularly in their initial stages of ***,it does not have the capability for real-time monitoring and relies on manual sampling and laboratory testing,causing potential delays in fault ***,the interpretation of DGA data necessitates specialised expertise,which may pose difficulties for smaller entities that have limited access to ***,the contribution of this research is to use infrared spectroscopy measurements as a new effective technique substituting the DGA method for fault diagnosis in insulating *** inception faults that were considered in this study were the electrical fault(discharges of high energy)and the thermal fault(300°Cmperaturest cells were crafted especially for serving the simulation processes inside the laboratory for both types of inception ***,six samples of pure paraffinic mineral oil were taken to be degraded in the *** that,all of them besides another sample that were not subjected to any kind of faults were taken to be examined by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy to obtain an overview of the oil's behaviour in each fault *** that,the FTIR analysis was initially verified utilising the DGA ***,for further affirmation,the dielectric dissipation factor(DDF)for all samples was *** the final analysis,the verification tests provide experimental evidence about the outperformance of this new optical technique in detecting the transformer's inception faults in addition to proving its potential for being a superior alternative to the well-known traditional diagnostic techniques.

关键词： fault diagnosis spectroscopy

Exploring van der Waals materials with high anisotropy:geometrical and optical approaches

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 645-653页

作者： Aleksandr s.slavich Georgy A.Ermolaev mikhail k.Tatmyshevskiy Adilet N.Toksumakov Olga G.matveeva Dmitriy V.Grudinin kirill V.Voronin Arslan mazitov konstantin V.kravtsov Alexander V.syuy Dmitry m.Tsymbarenko mikhail s.mironov sergey m.Novikov Ivan kruglov Davit A.Ghazaryan Andrey A.Vyshnevyy Aleksey V.Arsenin Valentyn s.Volkov kostya s.Novoselov moscow Center for Advanced studies Kulakova str.20Moscow 123592Russia. Emerging Technologies Research Center XPANCEOInternet CityEmmay TowerDubaiUnited Arab Emirates. Donostia International Physics Center(DIPC) Donostia/San-Sebastián 20018Spain. Institute of materials Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland. Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia. Laboratory of Advanced Functional materials Yerevan State UniversityYerevan 0025Armenia. National Graphene Institute(NGI) University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK. Department of materials science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 03-09 EASingapore. Institute for Functional Intelligent materials National University of Singapore117544 SingaporeSingapore

The emergence of van der Waals(vdW)materials resulted in the discovery of their high optical,mechanical,and electronic anisotropic properties,immediately enabling countless novel phenomena and *** success inspired an intensive search for the highest possible anisotropic properties among vdW ***,the identification of the most promising among the huge family of vdW materials is a challenging quest requiring innovative ***,we suggest an easy-to-use method for such a survey based on the crystallographic geometrical perspective of vdW materials followed by their optical *** our approach,we found As2s3 as a highly anisotropic vdW *** demonstrates high in-plane optical anisotropy that is~20%larger than for rutile and over two times as large as calcite,high refractive index,and transparency in the visible range,overcoming the century-long record set by *** these benefits,As2s3 opens a pathway towards nextgeneration nanophotonics as demonstrated by an ultrathin true zero-order quarter-wave plate that combines classical and the Fabry–Pérot optical phase ***,our approach provides an effective and easy-to-use method to find vdW materials with the utmost anisotropic properties.

关键词： anisotropy anisotropic high

Transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation identifies regulators of osteoclast activity

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 180-198页

作者： morten s.Hansen kaja madsen maria Price kent søe Yasunori Omata mario m.Zaiss Caroline m.Gorvin morten Frost Alexander Rauch molecular Endocrinology Laboratory(kmEB) Department of EndocrinologyOdense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Department of Clinical Research Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Clinical Cell Biology Pathology Research UnitDepartment of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Institute of metabolism and systems Research(ImsR)and Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism(CEDAM)University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Centre for membrane Proteins and Receptors(COmPARE) Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamBirmingham B152TTUK Department of molecular medicine University of Southern DenmarkDK-5000 Odense CDenmark Department of Orthopedic surgery Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan Department of Internal medicine 3 Rheumatology and ImmunologyFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie(DZI) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenD-91054 ErlangenGermany steno Diabetes Center Odense Odense University HospitalDK-5000 Odense CDenmark

Enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity contribute to the development of osteoporosis,which is characterized by increased bone resorption and inadequate bone *** novel antiosteoporotic therapeutics are needed,understanding the genetic regulation of human osteoclastogenesis could help identify potential treatment *** study aimed to provide an overview of transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast *** were differentiated from CD14+monocytes from eight female *** sequencing during differentiation revealed 8980 differentially expressed genes grouped into eight temporal patterns conserved across *** patterns revealed distinct molecular functions associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis susceptibility genes based on RNA from iliac crest biopsies and bone mineral density *** analyses revealed mutual dependencies between temporal expression patterns and provided insight into subtype-specific transcriptional *** donor-specific expression patterns revealed genes at the monocyte stage,such as filamin B(FLNB)and oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1(OLR1,encoding LOX-1),that are predictive of the resorptive activity of mature *** expression of differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors was strong during osteoclast differentiation,and these receptors are associated with bone mineral density sNPs,suggesting that they play a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation and *** regulatory effects of three differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors were exemplified by in vitro pharmacological modulation of complement 5 A receptor 1(C5AR1),somatostatin receptor 2(ssTR2),and free fatty acid receptor 4(FFAR4/GPR120).Activating C5AR1 enhanced osteoclast formation,while activating ssTR2 decreased the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts,and activating FFAR4 decreased both the number and resorptive activity of mature *** conclus

关键词： osteoclast programming identif

Cr-induced fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy elements

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 122-130页

作者： s.madhu H.C.manjunatha N.sowmya B.m.Rajesh L.seenappa R.s.susheela Department of Physics R V College of EngineeringBangalore 560074India Visvesvaraya Technological University BelagaviKarnataka 590018India Department of Physics Government First Grade CollegeSrinivasapurKarnataka 563135India Department of Physics Government First Grade CollegeDevanahallyKarnataka 562110India Department of Physics Government First Grade CollegeMulbagalKarnataka 563131India Department of Physics Government First Grade collegeNanjangudOoty RoadMysore 571301India

We investigated ^(50,52-54)Cr-induced fusion reactions for the synthesis of the superheavy element in the 104≤Z≤122 *** cross sections produced in this investigation using ^(54)Cr projectiles were compared with those obtained in prior *** estimated cross sections from this analysis are consistent with the findings of prior *** the current study,the predicted cross section was found to be 42fb at 236 meV for ^(53)Cr+^(243)Am,23.2 fb at 236 meV for ^(54)Cr+^(247)Cm,95.6 fb at 240 meV for ^(53)Cr+248Bk,and 1.33 fb at 242 meV for ^(53)Cr+***,these projected cross sections with excitation energy and beam energy will be useful in future Cr-induced fusion reaction investigations.

关键词： Fusion cross sections Compound nucleus formation probability survival probability Evaporation residue cross sections

magnesium oxide(mgO)nanoadsorbents in wastewater treatment:A comprehensive review

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1709-1773页

作者： H.C.s.Perera V.Gurunanthanan Anoop singh m.m.m.G.P.G.mantilaka G.Das sandeep Arya Department of Physics Khalifa UniversityAbu Dhabi12788United Arab Emirates Postgraduate Institute of science University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka Department of Humanities and sciences Guru Nanak Institutions Technical CampusIbrahimpatnamHyderabad501506India Centre for Global Health Research Saveetha Medical College and HospitalsSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai602105Tamil NaduIndia Department of Physics University of JammuJammu and Kashmir180006India

Wastewater contamination by heavy metals and synthetic dyes presents a significant environmental challenge,necessitating effective and sustainable separation *** review article provides a detailed examination of magnesium oxide(mgO)nanoparticles as an innovative nanoadsorbent for wastewater treatment,with a specific focus on heavy metal and dye *** review comprehensively explores various aspects of mgO nanoparticles,including their structural characteristics and synthesis *** article delves into the morphology and crystallographic arrangement of mgO nanoparticles,offering insights into their structural *** the complexity of adsorption processes,the review identifies and analyzes parameters influencing the adsorption efficiency of mgO nanoparticles,such as temperature,pH,contact time,initial concentration,and co-existing *** interplay between these parameters and the adsorption capability of mgO nanoparticles emphasizes the importance of optimizing operational ***,the review assesses various synthesis methods for mgO nanoparticles,including sol-gel,hydrothermal,precipitation,green synthesis,solvothermal,and template-assisted *** discusses the advantages,limitations,and resulting nanoparticle characteristics of each method,enabling readers to grasp the implications of synthesis processes on adsorption *** comprehensive review consolidates current insights into the effectiveness of mgO nanoparticles as a potent nanoadsorbent for removing heavy metals and dyes from wastewater covering a wide spectrum of aspects related to mgO ***,there is a need to investigate the use of mgO in the treatment of actual wastewater or river water,in order to leverage its cost-effectiveness and high efficiency for practical water treatment applications in real-time.

关键词： mgO nanoparticles Nanoadsorbent Wastewater treatment Heavy metals Dye separation Adsorption synthesis methods