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Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae uses XopL effector to suppress pomegranate immunity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第4期60卷 341-357页

作者： Madhvi soni kalyan k.Mondal Division of Plant Pathology ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae （Xap） causing bacterial blight is an important pathogen that incurs significant losses to the exportability of pomegranate. Xap uses the Xop TTss-effector, via the type three secretion system, to suppress pomegranate immunity. Here, we investigate the role of XopL during blight pathogenesis. We observed that XopL is essential for its in planta growth and full virulence. Leaves inoculated with Xap AxopL produced restricted water-soaked lesions compared to those inoculated with wild-type Xap. XopL supports Xap for its sustained multiplication in pomegranate by suppress- ing the plant cell death （PCD） event. We further demon- strated that XopL suppresses immune responses, such as callose deposition and production of reactive oxygen species （ROs）. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that immune responsive genes were upregulated when challenged with Xap AxopL, whereas upregulation of such genes was compromised in the complemented strain containing the xopL gene. The transiently expressed XopL：：EYFP fusion protein was local- ized to the plasma membrane, indicating the possible site of its action. Altogether, this study highlights that XopL is an important TTss-effector of Xap that suppresses plant immune responses, including PCD, presumably to support the multiplication of Xap for a sufficient time-period during blight disease development.

关键词： punicae uses XopL effector to suppress pomegranate immunity Xanthomonas axonopodis pv PCD

Welding simulation of complex structures - possibilities and limits

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Frontiers of Materials science 2011年第2期5卷 196-202页

作者： M. URNER k. DILGER Institute of Joining and Welding Technical University of Braunschweig Langer Kamp 8 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany

The possibilities of predicting welding distortions are extensive. The boundary conditions used in industrial production play an important role in choosing the right strategy. Not only the right abstraction of the welding process is essential for correct and useful resu Its, the clamping conditions and pre-tack welding are also very important. This article reviews experiments and FEM calculations of welded complex structures of industrial relevance. The examined structure comes from a railway vehicle and contains u-profiles with a sheet thickness of 4 mm. The review starts with the explanation of the researched structure and shows different welding situations, like unclamped and clamped manufacturing. Then the FE model with several weld seams is explained and the used boundary conditions are shown. Finally, the measured and calculated distortions are compared and discussed.

关键词： welding simulation FEM distortion boundary condition clamping

Efficacy of a Diabetes specific Nutrition supplement on Glycemic, Anthropometric, Dietary and Gut Health Markers in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: An RCT

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Food and Nutrition sciences 2024年第8期15卷 846-867页

作者： Deepti khanna Hema s. Gopalan kuzhandaivelu Abirami Vasudevan sudha Rajagopal Gayatri kejal Joshi-Reddy Jaladhi Bhatt Raman Ganesh Jeevan karthikeyan Parkavi Vadivel Deepika Manoj Pareek Ranjit Mohan Anjana Viswanathan Mohan R&D Department Hindustan Unilever Limited Gurugram India Department of Foods Nutrition & Dietetics Research Madras Diabetes Research Foundation Chennai India Department of Diabetology Dr. Mohans Diabetes Specialities Centre Chennai India

With increasing incidence of diabetes, use of diabetes specific nutrition supplements (DsNs) is common for better management of the disease. To study effect of 12-week DsNs supplementation on glycemic markers, anthropometry, lipid profile, sCFAs, and gut microbiome in individuals with diabetes. Markers studied were glycemic [Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Post Prandial Glucose (PPG), HbA1c, Incremental Area under curve (iAUC), Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions (MAGE), Time in/above Range (TIR/TAR)], anthropometry [weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)], lipid profile, diet and gut health [plasma short chain fatty acids (sCFAs)]. N = 210 adults were randomized to receive either DsNs with standard care (DsNs + sC;n = 105) or standard care alone (sC alone;n = 105). After 12 weeks, significant differences between DsNs + sC versus sC alone was observed in FBG [−3 ± 6 vs 14 ± 6 mg/dl;p = 0.03], PPG [−35 ± 9 vs −3 ± 9 mg/dl;p = 0.01], weight [−0.6 ± 0.1 vs 0.2 ± 0.1 kg;p = 0.0001], BMI [−0.3 ± 0.1 vs 0.1 ± 0.1 kg/m2;p = 0.0001] and WC [−0.3 ± 0.2 vs 0.2 ± 0.2 cm;p = 0.01]. HbA1C and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly reduced in DsNs + sC [−0.2 ± 0.9;p = 0.04 and −5 mg/dl;p = 0.03] respectively with no change in control. Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) reported significant differences between DsNs + sC versus sC alone for mean glucose [−12 ± 65 vs 28 ± 93 mg/dl;p s 7 ± 45 mg/dl;p = 0.04], TAR 250 [−3 ± 27 vs 9 ± 38 mg/dl;p = 0.05], iAUC [−192 (1.1) vs −48 (1.1) mg/dl;p = 0.03]. MAGE was significantly reduced for both DsNs + sC (−19 ± 67;p sC alone (−8 ± 70;p = 0.04), with reduction being more pronounced for DsNs + sC. DsNs + sC reported a decrease in carbohydrate energy % [−9.4 (−11.3, −7.6) %;p sed dietary fiber [9.5 (7.2, 11.8) g;p sus sC alone. DsNs + sC reported signi

关键词： Diabetes specific Nutrition supplement standard of Care Diabetes Glycemic Markers HbA1C

Inter-Calibration Between Plasma Instruments Onboard DEMETER

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Plasma science and Technology 2008年第5期10卷 539-545页

作者： Maha s.QUAssIM National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics Helwan 11421CairoEgypt

The in-situ measurements of the ionospheric plasma that we use come from two instruments of the scientific payload of the satellite DEMETER; the plasma analyser IAP （Instrument d＇analyse du plasma） and the Langmuir probe IsL （Instrument sonde de Langmuir）. DEMETER is a micro-satellite realized by the CNEs（Centre National d＇Etudes spatiales, France） with a principal objective to seek a possible influence of the seismic activity on the electromagnetic waves in the ionosphere and on the ionospheric plasma. The satellite was placed on June 29, 2004, in a circular and quasi helio-synchronous orbit at -710 km altitude. The experiments function primarily at mid-latitudes （from ＋60° to -60°）. The IAP data were analysed to deduce the ion population （densities of the dominant ions, i.e. generally O^＋, H^＋ and He^＋） therefore the total ion density. The use of data IAP thus requires some precaution to make sure that the electric equilibrium conditions of the satellite, such as the satellite potential （Фsat）, are obtained during the treatment of routine, does not induce an error of measurement. When this potential is negative, the minority light ions H^＋ and He^＋ can be measured in a reliable way when their proportion is above 3% to 5% of that of O^＋. The critical limitation is： under certain conditions, the satellite potential becomes positive and reach a value about -0.5 V so that it becomes impossible to measure H^＋ ions. This is likely to involve a significant error on the composition and the density of the plasma. Therefore we carried out a calibration to estimate the missing density. The IsL experiment （Langmuir probe） provided the collected current/polarized tension characteristics of a cylindrical probe from which both electron density Ne and temperature Te were obtained. In some situations it is necessary to examine the accuracy of the electron density using another technique, for instance the high frequency （HF） spectrogram, provided by ICE （instrument champ electrique

关键词： plasma analyser satellite plasma observation ion density measuring

Tight Focusing Properties of Phase Modulated Radially Polarized Laguerre Bessel Gaussian Beam

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Chinese Physics Letters 2017年第5期34卷 56-59页

作者： k.Prabakaran P.sangeetha V.karthik k.B.Rajesh A.M.Musthafa Department of Physics Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous) Namakkal Tamilnadu India Department of Physics Chikkanna Government Arts College Tiruppur Tamilnadu India Department of General studies (Physics Group) Jubail University College (Male Branch) Royal Commission of Jubail Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

We propose a new approach for generating a multiple focal spot segment of subwavelength size, by tight focusing of a phase modulated radially polarized Laguerre Bessel Gaussian beam. The focusing properties are investigated theoretically by .vector diffraction theory. We observe that the focal segment with multiple focal structures is separated with different axial distances and a super long dark channel can be generated by properly tuning the phase of the incident radially polarized Laguerre Bessel Gaussian beam. We presume that such multiple focal patterns and high intense beam may find applications in atom optics, optical manipulations and multiple optical trapping.

关键词： Tight Focusing Properties of Phase Modulated Radially Polarized Laguerre Bessel Gaussian Beam

Hybrid Metaheuristics Web service Composition Model for Qos Aware services

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Computer systems science & Engineering 2022年第5期41卷 511-524页

作者： P.Rajeswari k.Jayashree Department of Computer science and Engineering Rajalakshmi Engineering CollegeChennai602105India

Recent advancements in cloud computing(CC)technologies signified that several distinct web services are presently developed and exist at the cloud data ***,web service composition gains maximum attention among researchers due to its significance in real-time *** of service(Qos)aware service composition concerned regarding the election of candidate services with the maximization of the whole *** these models have failed to handle the uncertainties of *** resulting Qos of composite service identified by the clients become unstable and subject to risks of failing composition by *** the other hand,trip planning is an essential technique in supporting digital map *** aims to determine a set of location based services(LBs)which cover all client intended activities quantified in the *** the available web service composition solutions do not consider the complicated spatio-temporal *** resolving this issue,this study develops a new hybridization of the firefly optimization algorithm with fuzzy logic based web service composition model(F3L-WsCM)in a cloud environment for location *** presented F3L-WsCM model involves a discovery module which enables the client to provide a query related to trip planning such as flight booking,hotels,car rentals,*** the next stage,the firefly algorithm is applied to generate composition plans to minimize the number of composition *** by,the fuzzy subtractive clustering(FsC)will select the best composition plan from the available composite ***,the presented F3L-WsCM model involves four input Qos parameters namely service cost,service availability,service response time,and user *** extensive experimental analysis takes place on Cloudsim tool and exhibit the superior performance of the presented F3L-WsCM model in terms of accuracy,execution time,and efficiency.

关键词： Web service composition trip planning hybrid models firefly algorithm Qos aware services fuzzy logic

Chatter stability prediction in high-speed micromilling of Ti6Al4 Vvia finite element based microend mill dynamics

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Advances in Manufacturing 2018年第1期6卷 95-106页

作者： kundan k. singh Ramesh singh Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India

High-speed micromilling （spindle speeds 100 000r/min） can create complex three-dimensional microfeaturesin difficult-to-machine materials. The micromachined sur-face must be of high quatity, to meet functional require-ments. However, chatter-induced dynamic instabilitydeteriorates the surface quality and can be detrimental totool life. Chatter-free machining can be accomplished byidentifying stable process parameters via stability lobe dia-gram. To generate accurate stability lobe diagram, it isessential to determine the microend mill dynamics. Fre-quency response function is required to determine the tool-tip dynamics obtained by experimental impact *** that application of impact load at the microend mill tip（typically 100 - 500 μm） is not feasible as it would invari-ably end with tool failure. Consequently, alternative meth-ods need to be developed to identify the microend milldynamics. In the present work, the frequency responsefunction for the microend mill is obtained by finite elementmethod modal analysis. The frequency response functionobtained from modal analysis has been verified from theexperimentally obtained frequency response function. Theexperimental frequency response function was obtained byimpacting the microend mill near the taper portion with animpact hammer and measuring the vibration of the tool-tipwith a laser displacement sensor. The fundamental fre-quency obtained from finite element method modal analysisshows a difference of 6.6% from the experimental funda-mental frequency. Microend mill dynamics obtained fromthe finite element method is used for chatter prediction inhigh-speed micromilling operations. The stability lobe dia-gram predicts the stability boundary accurately at 60 000r/min and 80 000 r/min; however, a slight deviation isobserved at 100 000 r/min.

关键词： Chatter Micromilling Microend milldynamics Frequency response function Finite elementmodal analysis

Individual variation in dispersal associated behavioral traits of the invasive Chinese mitten crab （Eriocheir sinensis, H. Milne Edwards, 1854） during initial invasion of Lake V^inern, sweden

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Current Zoology 2014年第3期60卷 410-416页

作者： Tomas BRODIN Marcus k. DROTZ Department of Ecology and Environmental science Umea University Sweden Lake Vanem Museum of Natural and Cultural History Framnisvsgen 2 53154 Lidkoping Sweden

Understanding and predicting species range-expansions and biological invasions is an important challenge in modem ecology because of rapidly changing environments. Recent studies have revealed that consistent within-species variation in behavior （i.e. animal personality） can be imperative for dispersal success, a key stage in the invasion process. Here we investigate the composition and correlation of two important personality traits associated with invasion success, activity and boldness, and how they are connected to sex and individual size in a newly colonised population of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis in Lake Vanem, sweden. We found no effect of sex or size on behavioral expressions orE. sinensis but a clear positive correlation between boldness and activity. In addition, this study generates important baseline data for monitoring behavioral develop ment, and thereby changing ecological impact, of an invading population over time. This has implications for predicting ecological effects of invasive species as well as for managing ecological invasions.

关键词： Eriocheir sinensis Biological invasion Behavior Boldness Activity Invasion front

What′s new with the XYZ mesons?

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Chinese Physics C 2008年第6期32卷 455-462页

作者： s.L.Olsen Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

I review some of the recent experimental results on the so-called XYZ mesons.

关键词： charmonium multiquark mesons quark-gluon hybrids