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Hypoxia Conditioning for High-Altitude Pre-acclimatization Martin

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Journal of science in sport and Exercise 2022年第4期4卷 331-345页

作者： Burtscher grégoire P.Millet Johannes Burtscher University of Innsbruck 6020 InnsbruckAustria Austrian society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine 6020 InnsbruckAustria Institute of sport sciences University of Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland Department of Biomedical sciences University of Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Purpose Main purposes of pre-acclimatization by hypoxia conditioning(HC)are the prevention of high-altitude illnesses and maintenance of aerobic exercise ***,robust evidence for those effects or evidence-based guidelines for exposure strategies,including recommendations to ensure safety,are largely ***,we summarize the current knowledge on the physiology of acclimatization to hypoxia and HC with the aim to derive implications for pre-acclimatization strategies before going on high-altitude treks and *** Based on the literature search and personal experience,core studies and important observations have been selected in order to present a balanced view on the current knowledge of high-altitude illnesses and the acclimatization process,specifically focusing on pre-acclimatization strategies by *** and Conclusions It may be concluded that in certain cases even short periods(e.g.,7 h)of pre-acclimatization by HC are effective,but longer periods(e.g.,>60 h)are needed to elicit more robust *** 300 h of HC(intermittently applied)may be the optimal preparation for extreme altitude sojourns,although every additional hour spent in hypoxia may confer further *** inclusion of hypobaric exposures(i.e.,real altitude)in pre-acclimatization protocols could further increase their *** level of simulated altitude is progressively increased or individually adjusted *** should not be terminated earlier than 1-2 weeks before altitude *** monitoring of the pre-acclimatization program is strongly recommended.

关键词： Hypoxia Normobaric Hypobaric Conditioning Acclimatization Altitude

shot-noise limited, supercontinuum-based optical coherence tomography

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Light(science & Applications) 2021年第7期10卷 1372-1384页

作者： shreesha Rao D.s. Mikkel Jensen Lars grüner-Nielsen Jesper Toft Olsen Peter Heiduschka Björn Kemper Jürgen schnekenburger Martin Glud Mette Mogensen Niels Møller Israelsen Ole Bang DTU Fotonik Dept.of Photonics EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkØrsteds Plads2800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark NKT Photonics A/s Blokken 843460 BirkerødDenmark Department of Ophthalmology University of Münster Medical CentreDomagkstr.15D-48149 MünsterGermany Biomedical Technology Center of the Medical Faculty University of MünsterMendelstr.17D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Dermatology Bisbebjerg HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenBispebjerg Bakke 232400 Copenhagen NVDenmark

We present the first demonstration of shot-noise limited supercontinuum-based spectral domain optical coherence tomography(sD-OCT)with an axial resolution of 5.9μm at a center wavelength of 1370 *** supercontinuumbased sD-OCT systems cannot be operated in the shot-noise limited detection regime because of severe pulse-topulse relative intensity noise of the supercontinuum *** overcome this disadvantage,we have developed a low-noise supercontinuum source based on an all-normal dispersion(ANDi)fiber,pumped by a femtosecond *** noise performance of our 90 MHz ANDi fiber-based supercontinuum source is compared to that of two commercial sources operating at 80 and 320 MHz repetition *** show that the low-noise of the ANDi fiber-based supercontinuum source improves the OCT images significantly in terms of both higher contrast,better sensitivity,and improved *** sD-OCT imaging of skin,retina,and multilayer stacks we conclude that supercontinuumbased sD-OCT can enter the domain of shot-noise limited detection.

关键词： fiber optical pumped

High-pressure phase transitions of anorthosite crust in the Earth's deep mantle

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第6期9卷 1859-1870页

作者： Masayuki Nishi steeve gréaux shigehiko Tateno Yasuhiro Kuwayama Kenji Kawai Tetsuo Irifune shigenori Maruyama Geodynamics Research Centre Ehime UniversityEhime 790-8577Japan Earth-Life science Institute Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo 152-8550Japan Institute for Planetary Materials Okayama UniversityMisasaTottori 682-0193Japan Department of Earth Planetary science School of ScienceUniversity of Tokyo113-0033 Hongo 7-3-1BunkyoTokyoJapan Novosibirsk state University Pirogova 1630090Russia

We investigated phase relations, mineral chemistry, and density of lunar highland anorthosite at conditions up to 125 GPa and 2000 K. We used a multi-anvil apparatus and a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell for this purpose. In-situ X-ray diffraction measurements at high pressures and composition analysis of recovered samples using an analytical transmission electron microscope showed that anorthosite consists of garnet,CaAl_4si_2O_(11)-rich phase(CAs phase), and siO_2 phases in the upper mantle and the mantle transition *** lower mantle conditions, these minerals transform to the assemblage of bridgmanite, Ca-perovskite,corundum, stishovite, and calcium ferrite-type aluminous phase through the decomposition of garnet and CAs phase at around 700 km depth. Anorthosite has a higher density than PREM and pyrolite in the upper mantle, while its density becomes comparable or lower under lower mantle conditions. Our results suggest that ancient anorthosite crust subducted down to the deep mantle was likely to have accumulated at660-720 km in depth without coming back to the Earth's surface. some portions of the anorthosite crust might have circulated continuously in the Earth's deep interior by mantle convection and potentially subducted to the bottom of the lower mantle when carried within layers of dense basaltic rocks.

关键词： Anorthosite Phase transformation Multi-anvil apparatus Diamond-anvil cell Mantle dynamics

Double Layer Composite Electrode strategy for Efficient Perovskite solar Cells with Excellent Reverse-Bias stability

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第1期15卷 225-235页

作者： Chaofan Jiang Junjie Zhou Hang Li Liguo Tan Minghao Li Wolfgang Tress Liming Ding Michael grätzel Chenyi Yi state Key Laboratory of Power system Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Institute of Computational Physics(ICP) ZHAW School of EngineeringWildbachstr.218400 WinterthurSwitzerland Center for Excellence in Nanoscience(CAs) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication(CAS)National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Perovskite solar cells(PsCs)have become the represent-atives of next generation of photovoltaics;nevertheless,their stability is insufficient for large scale deployment,particularly the reverse bias ***,we propose a transparent conducting oxide(TCO)and low-cost metal composite electrode to improve the stability of PsCs without sacrificing the *** TCO can block ion migrations and chemical reactions between the metal and perovskite,while the metal greatly enhances the conductivity of the composite *** a result,composite electrode-PsCs achieved a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.7%(certified 23.2%)and exhibited excellent stability,maintaining 95%of the initial PCE when applying a reverse bias of 4.0 V for 60 s and over 92%of the initial PCE after 1000 h continuous light *** composite electrode strategy can be extended to different combinations of TCOs and *** opens a new avenue for improving the stability of PsCs.

关键词： Composite electrode Perovskite solar cells stability Reverse bias Characterization

Is Hypoxic/Altitude Training an Important Topic in the Field of Hypoxia?

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Journal of science in sport and Exercise 2022年第4期4卷 293-305页

作者： grégoire P.Millet Martin Burtscher Johannes Burtscher Institute of sport sciences University of LausanneCampus Dorigny1015 LausanneSwitzerland Department of Biomedical sciences University of Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland Department of sport science University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria

Hypoxia is an essential topic in medical or biological *** main aims of the present study were to examine the most important medical articles(i.e.,the top 100 most cited)on *** examine how the Nobel-prize awarded hypoxia inducible factor(HIF)-pathway discovery in the early 1990s has changed the thematic composition of this body of literature,with a special emphasis on the studies linking hypoxia and *** searched Pubmed for articles with the terms#Hypox,#Altitude,or#Mountain in the title that have been published in biomedical journals and ranked the articles on their number of citations in Web of science.A second search was performed in all journals for articles related to hypoxia and ***,only 12 of the top-100 most-cited articles on hypoxia and only 3 articles of the top-100 articles related to cancer were published before ***,only 5 articles from prior 1995 reached 1000 citations,while 27 articles published in 1995 or later were cited more than 1000 times,most of them on the HIF-1 *** percent of the top-100 articles were related to the HIF pathway,while there were no articles on the application of hypoxia either for therapeutic use(i.e.,hypoxic conditioning in patients)or for performance enhancement(i.e.,altitude training in athletes).In conclusion,the early-1990s discovery of the HIF pathway and of its molecular regulation has shifted the focus of hypoxia research towards molecular mechanisms and consequences of tissue hypoxia,most notably in *** importance of studies focusing on clinical and performance applications of systemic hypoxia is relatively lower.

关键词： Altitude training Cancer Hypoxia HIF pathway Mountain

Analyzing the extent and use of impervious land in rural landscapes

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Geography and sustainability 2024年第4期5卷 625-636页

作者： Andreas Moser Jasper van Vliet Ulrike Wissen Hayek Adrienne grêt-Regamey Planning of Landscape and Urban systems(PLUs) ETH ZurichStefano-Franscini-Platz 5ZurichSwitzerland Institute for Environmental studies(IVM) Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1111Amsterdamthe Netherlands

The amount of impervious surface is increasing rapidly *** urban expansion has been studied extensively,the alteration of impervious land cover in rural regions remains *** particular,insights into the utilization of these sealed surfaces are crucially needed to unravel the underlying dynamics of land use changes beyond urban *** study focuses on rural regions from a swiss case study and presents an analysis of the use of sealed surfaces in such regions,rather than solely quantifying the extent of sealed *** a synergistic approach that merges detailed cadastral plans with very-high-resolution remote sensing imagery and sophisticated deep learning algorithms,we characterized the uses of sealed surfaces,including buildings and their *** findings reveal that 2.1%of the study area’s rural regions comprises sealed surfaces-an area comparable to the sealed surfaces in the urban *** these rural regions,transport infrastructure represents 68%of this impervious *** account for 12%,and their surroundings,constituting 13%,are utilized primarily for agricultural purposes,including farming and livestock *** deep learning approach achieved a classification accuracy of 72%for a shallow model and 79%for a deeper model,indicating that mapping building types is possible with reasonable *** outcomes of this study underscore the critical need to factor in the presence and utilization of impervious land cover within rural regions for the sustainable management of land resources.

关键词： soil sealing Rural areas Very-high-resolution aerial imagery Building types Convolutional neural networks Cadastral data

Influence of structural depth of laser-patterned steel surfaces on the solid lubricity of carbon nanoparticle coatings

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Friction 2023年第7期11卷 1276-1291页

作者： Timothy MACLUCAs Lukas DAUT Philipp grÜTZMACHER Maria Agustina GUITAR Volker PREssER Carsten GACHOT sebastian sUAREZ Frank MÜCKLICH Chair of Functional Materials Saarland UniversitySaarbrücken 66123Germany Institute for Engineering Design and Product Development TU WienWien 1060Austria INM–Leibniz Institute for New Materials Saarbrücken 66123Germany Department of Materials science&Engineering Saarland UniversitySaarbrücken 66123Germany saarene-saarland Center for Energy Materials and sustainability Saarbrücken 66123Germany

Carbon nanoparticle coatings on laser-patterned stainless-steel surfaces present a solid lubrication system where the pattern's recessions act as lubricant-retaining *** study investigates the influence of the structural depth of line patterns coated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and carbon onions(COs)on their respective potential to reduce friction and *** laser interference patterning(DLIP)with a pulse duration of 12 ps is used to create line patterns with three different structural depths at a periodicity of 3.5μm on AIsI 304 steel ***,electrophoretic deposition(EPD)is applied to form homogeneous carbon nanoparticle coatings on the patterned *** ball-on-disc experiments are conducted on the as-described surfaces with an alumina counter body at a load of 100 *** results show that the shallower the coated structure,the lower its coefficient of friction(COF),regardless of the particle ***,with a minimum of just below 0.20,CNTs reach lower COF values than COs over most of the testing *** resulting wear tracks are characterized by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and energy-dispersive X-ray *** friction testing,the CNTs remain in contact,and the immediate proximity,whereas the CO coating is largely *** of structural depth,no oxidation occurs on CNT-coated surfaces,whereas minor oxidation is detected on CO-coated wear tracks.

关键词： solid lubricant coatings carbon nanotubes carbon onions direct laser interference patterning(DLIP)surface structuring electrophoretic deposition(EPD)

sparse current source reconstruction in MCG

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science Bulletin 2015年第14期60卷 1235-1240页

作者： Mengpei Chen shiqin Jiang Lu Bing Chen Zhao Birgit Hailer Dietrich gr nemeyer Peter Van Leeuwen school of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Department of Internal Medicine Philippusstift University Witten/Herdecke Faculty of Health Gro¨ nemeyer Institute for MicrotherapyUniversity Witten/Herdecke

Cardiac current source reconstruction is investigated by a fast greedy sparse(FGs) method applied to simulated and real magnetocardiography(MCG) data measured using 61-channel superconducting quantum interference device. The approach reduces the size of the lead field matrix based on a priori knowledge of dipolar magnetic field map. Consequently, the computational demands and the accuracy of sparse source reconstruction are improved simultaneously. The simulation results demonstrate that the FGs method is capable of reconstructing sparse equivalent current sources using the magnetic field data generated by a single current source with varying orientation or multiple current sources generated randomly. In addition, we analyze the cardiac current source reconstructed with real MCG data at typical instants and discuss the electrical excitation conduction during the QRs complex based on moving sparse source imaging.

关键词： Magnetocardiography (MCG) sparsedecomposition Current source reconstruction Cardiac electrical activity signal processing

Children's expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through two years of school-based program and associated links to physical education enjoyment and physical activity

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Journal of sport and Health science 2016年第4期5卷 500-508页

作者： Arto gr?stén Department of sport sciences University of Jyv?skyl?

Purpose：The present study examined the patterns of children＇s expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through the Physical Activity as Civil skill Program and associated links to physical education enjoyment and total physical ***：The sample comprised 401 children aged 9–13 years from 3 small towns located in North-East *** children received school-based activities across 2-year program from grades 5 to *** present data were collected using questionnaires across 3 measurement phases during 2012–***：The levels of expectancy beliefs and subjective task values indicated to be relatively high and the development was stable through the program,especially in terms of expectancy beliefs,attainment value,and *** contrast,interest value and utility value decreased over the particular period of *** believed they are physically more competent when compared to other students and valued physical education classes more important than *** addition,the higher the physical activity level the children reported,the higher the physical education enjoyment they ***：The current program including actions to increase physical activity through manipulation of psychological and physical school environment modification indicated to be an effective strategy to prohibit declining levels of children＇s expectancy beliefs and task values.

关键词： Exercise motivation Expectancy beliefs Expectancy-value theory Physical activity Physical education enjoyment Task values