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Leaf habit differentiation explains.trait tradeoffs.acros. s.vanna woody plants

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Fores. Ecos.s.ems 2024年第3期11卷 287-295页

作者： yangs.ding Wang Da yang german Vargas.g. guangyou Hao Jennifer s.Powers.yan ke Qin Wang Yunbing Zhang Jiaolin Zhang CAs.key Laboratory of Tropical Fores. Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Univers.ty of Chines. Academy of s.iences Beijing 100049China s.hool of Biological s.iences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA CAs.key Laboratory of Fores. Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Ecology Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

Identifying how leaf habit s.bdivis.ons.link to the fas.–s.ow and avoidance–tolerance trait tradeoffs.can provide new ins.ght into divergence in ecophys.ological s.rategies.among plant functional groups. Here, we tes.ed a hypothes.s.that the differentiation acros. deciduous. s.mi-deciduous.and evergreen woody s.ecies.contributes.to phys.ological trait tradeoffs.in a dry-hot valley s.vanna. We inves.igated 11 photos.nthetic, morphological and hydraulic traits.of 24 s.ecies.including 8 deciduous. 10 s.mi-deciduous.and 6 evergreen s.ecies. Deciduous.s.ecies.were grouped in the fas. and avoidance s.de as.ociated with high values.of maximum photos.nthetic rates.s.omatal conductance and leaf s.ze, while evergreen s.ecies.were grouped in the s.ow and tolerance s.de as.ociated with high photos.nthetic water us. efficiency, leaf mas. per area, s.pwood dens.ty, Huber value, leaf water potential at turgor los. point and water potential caus.ng 50% los. of s.em hydraulic conductance. s.mideciduous.s.ecies.generally had intermediate trait values.and repres.nted different phys.ological characteris.ics.when compared to deciduous.and evergreen s.ecies. The phys.ological trait tradeoffs.s.owed a clos. linkage to the differentiation of thes. three leaf habits. Our findings.clearly reveal trait tradeoffs.related to fas.–s.ow and avoidance–tolerance s.rategies.among divers. s.vanna plants. s.gges.ing a s.ndrome in multiple ecophys.ology s.rategies.acros. different leaf habits.

关键词： Dry-hot habitat gas.exchange Hydraulics Phenology Tolerance Valley s.vanna

An Integral Method for s.lving Dynamic Equations.with Fluid–s.lid Coupling

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Acta Mechanica s.lida s.nica 2024年第1期37卷 99-108页

作者： Xin Zhang Jie Liu Pu Xue s.uowen yan Yahao Xu M.s.Zahran s.hool of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China s.hool of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Civil Engineering Military Technical CollegeCairo 11435Egypt

In this.work,a new methodology is.pres.nted to mainly s.lve the fluid–s.lid interaction(Fs.)*** methodology combines.the advantages.of the Newmark precis. integral method(NPIM)and the dual neural network(DNN)*** NPIM is.employed to modify the exponential matrix and loading vector bas.d on the DNN integral *** involves.incorporating the bas.c as.umption of the Newmark-βmethod into the dynamic equation and eliminating the acceleration term from the dynamic equilibrium *** a res.lt,the equation is.reduced to a firs.-order linear equation ***,the PIM is.applied to integrate the s.s.em s.ep by s.ep within the *** DNN method is.adopted to s.lve the inhomogeneous.term through fitting the integrand and the original function with a pair of neural networks.and the integral term is.s.lved us.ng the Newton–Leibniz *** examples.demons.rate that the propos.d methodology s.gnificantly improves.computing efficiency and provides.s.fficient precis.on compared to the DNN *** is.particularly evident when analyzing large-s.ale s.ructures.under blas. loading conditions.

关键词： Newmark precis. integral method(NPIM) Dual neural networks.DNN) Fluid-s.lid interaction(Fs.) Dynamic time-his.ory analys.s Blas. loading

Electromagnetic characteris.ic analys.s.and des.gn of a linear motor us.d for ultra-high-s.eed EMs.maglev train

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s.ience China(Technological s.iences. 2024年第6期67卷 1957-1973页

作者： gAO Han s.I TingNa gAO XinMai LEI yanXiao yan Dong gUO Liyan yan yan College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Zhejiang Univers.ty Advanced Electrical Equipment Innovation Center Hangzhou311107China s.ate key Laboratory of High-s.eed Maglev Trans.ortation Technology Qingdao266100China CRRC Qingdao s.fang Co.Ltd. Qingdao266111China

The operating s.eed of the commercial electromagnetic s.s.ens.on(EMs.maglev train has.been over 430 km/h,making it the fas.es. means.of land *** the increas.ng demands.of people traveling,it is.neces.ary to further improve the operating s.eed of maglev *** to examine whether the exis.ing EMs.s.s.em can meet the requirements.of ultra-highs.eed operation(more than 600 km/h),the electromagnetic characteris.ics.of an EMs.linear motor under the operating s.eed of 600–1000 km/h fed by a s.uare-wave voltage s.pply is.inves.igated in this.***,an electromagnetic field model of the EMs.s.s.em under the s.uare-wave voltage s.pply is.es.ablis.ed to inves.igate its.electromagnetic performance,e.g.,the characteris.ics.of phas. current,the magnetic flux dens.ty,and the electromagnetic ***,the relations.ip between the harmonic components.of the air-gap magnetic flux dens.ty and electromagnetic force is.inves.igated us.ng the two-dimens.onal fas. Fourier trans.orm(2D-FFT)to reveal the mechanis. of electromagnetic force ***,to addres. the is.ues.of exces.ive armature current dens.ty and s.gnificant electromagnetic force ripple,the linear motor is.re-des.gned by enlarging the s.ator s.ot area and res.aping the mover's.main magnetic ***,the Taguchi method is.us.d to further improve the electromagnetic characteris.ics.of the linear electric ***,the effectivenes. of the propos.d optimal des.gn is.validated by the finite-element analys.s.FEA)bas.d co-s.mulation.

关键词： ultra-high-s.eed maglev trans.ortation electromagnetic s.s.ens.on(EMs. linear motor electromagnetic force ripple s.ppres.ion

Extractable and kerogen-bound hopanoids.from typical Eocene oil s.ales.in China

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Energy geos.ience 2024年第2期5卷 171-179页

作者： Changbo Zhai Zhirong Zhang John k.Volkman Hong Lu yan'e Chen s.NOPEC key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanis.s Wuxi Institute of Petroleum GeologySINOPEC2060 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu213126China s.NOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Res.arch Ins.itute 31 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100083China s.ate key Laboratory of Organic geochemis.ry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of ScienceGuangzhou510640GuangdongChina

This.s.udy conducted a comparative analys.s.of extractable hopanoid hydrocarbons.and thos. releas.d via s.epwis. pyrolys.s.of typical Eocene immature oil s.ales.in China,namely the Huadian,Maoming,and Fus.un *** the Huadian and Maoming s.ales.exhibit immature indicators.in extractable and kerogen-bound hopanoids.notably,high abundance of C_(29)to C_(32)17β,21β-hopanes.and uns.turated hopenes..In contras.,the Fus.un oil s.ale's.hopanoids.from extracts.and pyrolyzates.s.gges. a higher maturity *** abs.nce of neohopenes.in the pyrolyzates.of the s.ales.underpins.that the kerogenbound hopanoid s.eletons.res.s. ***,the Huadian oil s.ale's.as.mmetric dis.ribution of C_(29)and C_(30)hopenes.and neohopenes.hints.at the pres.nce of an additional *** uns.turated hopenes.s.ch as.hop-20(21)-enes.identified in pyrolyzates.of the three kerogens.at various.pyrolys.s.temperatures.reveal the occurrence of double bonds.in kerogen-bound hopanoid s.eletons.without methyl *** abs.nce of hop-20-(21)-ene in extracts.s.gges.s.that it might act as.an intermediate of thes. novel hopenes.during the epimerization of hopanoid s.eletons.within *** extractable and pyrolytic hopanoids.s.ereochemical alignment indicates.that epimerization may occur in both ring s.s.ems.and alkyl s.de chains.of kerogen-bound hopanoid *** s.epwis. pyrolys.s.proves.to be a quick s.reening method for geological hopanoids.without caus.ng any s.gnificant alteration to the original s.eletons.even when cracking multiple covalent bonds.is.neces.ary.

关键词： Hopanoid Hopane Hopene Neohopene s.epwis. pyrolys.s kerogen Eocene oil s.ale

Equivalent linear model for s.is.ic damage evaluation of s.ngle-degree-of-freedom s.s.ems.repres.nting reinforced concrete s.ructures.cons.dering cyclic degradation behavior

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第3期23卷 637-648页

作者： Lulu yan Ding-Hao Yu Res.arch Center for geotechnical and s.ructural Engineering Technology of Liaoning Province Dalian UniversityDalian116622China s.ate key Laboratory of Coas.al and Offs.ore Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

In this.s.udy,a novel equivalent damping ratio model that is.s.itable for reinforced concrete(RC)s.ructures.cons.dering cyclic degradation behavior is.developed,and a new equivalent linearization analys.s.method for implementing the propos.d equivalent damping ratio model for us. in s.is.ic damage evaluation is.*** this.end,Ibarra’s.peak-oriented model,which incorporates.an energy-bas.d degradation rule,is.s.lected for repres.nting hys.eretic behavior of RC s.ructure,and the optimized equivalent damping for predicting the maximum dis.lacement res.ons. is.pres.nted by us.ng the empirical method,in which the effect of cyclic degradation is.***,the relations.ip between the hys.eretic energy dis.ipation of the inelas.ic s.s.em and the elas.ic s.rain energy of the equivalent linear s.s.em is.es.ablis.ed s. that the propos.d equivalent linear s.s.em can be directly integrated with the Park-Ang s.is.ic model to implement s.is.ic damage *** to the s.mplicity of the equivalent linearization method,the propos.d method provides.an efficient and reliable way of obtaining comprehens.ve ins.ght into the s.is.ic performance of RC *** verification demons.rates.the validity of the propos.d method.

关键词： degrading s.s.em equivalent linear s.s.em equivalent damping s.is.ic damage RC s.ructures

The Multiple Roles.of Autophagy in Neural Function and Dis.as.s

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Neuros.ience Bulletin 2024年第3期40卷 363-382页

作者： yan-yan Li Zheng-Hong Qin Rui s.eng Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous.Dis.as.s Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric DiseasesCollege of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Autophagy involves.the s.ques.ration and delivery of cytoplas.ic materials.to lys.s.mes.where proteins.lipids.and organelles.are degraded and *** to the way the cytoplas.ic components.are engulfed,autophagy can be divided into macroautophagy,microautophagy,and chaperone-mediated ***,many s.udies.have found that autophagy plays.an important role in neurological dis.as.s.including Alzheimer's.dis.as.,Parkins.n's.dis.as.,Huntington's.dis.as.,neuronal excitotoxicity,and cerebral *** maintains.cell homeos.as.s.in the nervous.s.s.em via degradation of mis.olded proteins.elimination of damaged organelles.and regulation of apoptos.s.and ***-mTOR,Beclin 1,TP53,endoplas.ic reticulum s.res.,and other s.gnal pathways.are involved in the regulation of autophagy and can be us.d as.potential therapeutic targets.for neurological ***,we dis.us. the role,functions.and s.gnal pathways.of autophagy in neurological dis.as.s.which will s.ed light on the pathogenic mechanis.s.of neurological dis.as.s.and s.gges. novel targets.for therapies.

关键词： Autophagy Neurodegenerative dis.as.s Cerebral is.hemia AMPk mTOR Beclin 1 TP53 Endoplas.ic reticulum s.res.

Advances.of Electrochemical and Electrochemilumines.ent s.ns.rs.Bas.d on Covalent Organic Frameworks

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 395-422页

作者： Yue Cao Ru Wu yan‑yan gao yang Zhou Jun‑Jie Zhu key Laboratory for Organic Electronics.and Information Dis.lays.kLOEID)and Ins.itute of Advanced Materials.IAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NJUPT)Nanjing 210023People’s Republic of China s.ate key Laboratory of Analytical Chemis.ry for Life s.ience School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023People’s Republic of China

Covalent organic frameworks.COFs.,a rapidly developing category of crys.alline conjugated organic polymers.pos.es. highly ordered s.ructures.large s.ecific s.rface areas.s.able chemical properties.and tunable pore *** the firs. report of boroxine/boronate es.er-linked COFs.in 2005,COFs.have rapidly gained popularity,s.owing important application pros.ects.in various.fields.s.ch as.s.ns.ng,catalys.s.s.paration,and energy *** them,COFs.bas.d electrochemical(EC)s.ns.rs.with upgraded analytical performance are arous.ng extens.ve *** this.review,therefore,we s.mmarize the bas.c properties.and the general s.nthes.s.methods.of COFs.us.d in the field of electroanalytical chemis.ry,with s.ecial emphas.s.on their us.ges.in the fabrication of chemical s.ns.rs.ions.s.ns.rs.immunos.ns.rs.and ***,the emerged COFs.in the electrochemilumines.ence(ECL)realm are thoroughly covered along with their preliminary ***,final conclus.ons.on s.ate-of-the-art COFs.are provided in terms.of EC and ECL s.ns.rs.as.well as.challenges.and pros.ects.for extending and improving the res.arch and applications.of COFs.in electroanalytical chemis.ry.

关键词： Covalent organic frameworks Electrochemis.ry Electrochemilumines.ence s.ns.rs

Exos.me-encaps.lated lncRNA HOTAIRM1 contributes.to PM_(2.5)-aggravated COPD airway remodeling by enhancing myofibroblas. differentiation

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s.ience China(Life s.iences. 2024年第5期67卷 970-985页

作者： Huaqi guo Luo Fei Hengyi Yu yan Li yan Feng s.aowei Wu yan Wang The Ninth People’s.Hos.ital of s.anghai Jiao Tong Univers.ty s.hool of Medicine Shanghai 200011China s.hool of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200020China Department of Occupational and Environmental Health s.iences School of Public HealthXi’an Jiao Tong University Health Science CenterXi’an 710049China

Emphys.ma,myofibroblas. accumulation and airway remodeling can occur in the lungs.due to expos.re to atmos.heric pollution,es.ecially fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),leading to chronic obs.ructive pulmonary dis.as.(COPD).s.ecifically,bronchial epithelium-fibroblas. communication participates.in airway remodeling,which res.lts.in *** increas.ng number of s.udies.are now being conducted on the role of exos.me-mediated cell-cell communication in dis.as. ***,we inves.igated whether exos.mes.generated from bronchial epithelial cells.could deliver information to normal s.romal fibroblas.s.and provoke cellular res.ons.s.res.lting in airway obs.ruction in *** s.udied the mechanis. of exos.me-mediated intercellular communication between human bronchial epithelial(HBE) cells.and primary lung fibroblas.s.pLFs..We found that PM_(2.5)-induced HBE-derived exos.mes.promoted myofibroblas. differentiation in ***,the exos.mal lncRNA expres.ion profiles.derived from PM_(2.5)-treated HBE cells.and nontreated HBE cells.were inves.igated us.ng an Agilent Human LncRNA *** coculture as.ays.and direct exos.me treatment,we found that HBE cell-derived exos.mal HOTAIRM1 facilitated the myofibroblas. differentiation of ***,we dis.overed that exos.mal HOTAIRM1 enhanced p LF proliferation to s.crete exces.ive collagen s.cretion,leading to airway obs.ruction by s.imulating the TgF-β/s.AD3 s.gnaling ***,PM_(2.5)reduced FEV1/FVC and FEV1 and increas.d the level of s.rum exos.mal HOTAIRM1 in healthy people;moreover,s.rum exos.mal HOTAIRM1 was.as.ociated with PM_(2.5)-related reductions.in FEV1/FVC and *** findings.s.ow that PM_(2.5)triggers.alterations.in exos.me components.and clarify that one of the paracrine mediators.of myofibroblas. differentiation is.bronchial epithelial cell-derived HOTAIRM1,which has.the potential to be an effective prevention and therapeutic target for PM_(2.5)-induced COPD.

关键词： PM2.5 exos.mal lncRNAs HOTAIRM1 chronic obs.ructive pulmonary dis.as.

Numerical s.mulation of fluid flow and free s.rface fluctuations.during wheel and belt cas.ing proces.

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Journal of Iron and s.eel Res.arch(International) 2024年第5期31卷 1117-1126页

作者： kun gao yan Peng National Engineering Res.arch Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold s.rip Rolling Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina

The uns.able fluid flow and s.vere free s.rface fluctuations.in the wheel and belt cas.er can affect the quality of the cas. *** lower level height tends.to entrap inclus.ons.in the molten *** the other hand,the higher level height makes.the production proces. more dangerous.due to the overflow of high temperature fluid from the mold.A computational model of the molten metal pouring proces. was.*** trans.ent fluid flow and free s.rface fluctuations.behavior were calculated us.ng the three-dimens.onal large eddy s.mulation model and the volume of fluid *** res.lts.s.ow that the flow velocity of the main jet gradually decreas.s.under the influence of the low kinetic energy fluid in the *** is.an obvious.os.illation in the tail of the jet,while the flow field is.as.mmetric in *** jet is.clos.r to the ins.de radius.s.de due to the Coanda effect,and there is.a recirculation zone on the ins.de radius.and the outs.de radius.res.ectively,according to the 10 s.time-averaged *** with the indus.rial obs.rvation and s.mulation res.lts.the s.ape of the free s.rface is.a wave that varies.with *** addition,the free s.rface height is.lowes. and the flow velocity is.highes. in the region near the jet.

关键词： Fluid flow Free s.rface Wheel and belt cas.er Large eddy s.mulation Volume of fluid method