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MR扩散加权成像在晚期上皮性卵巢癌中的应用：表观扩散系数作为药物疗效反应指标

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国际医学放射学杂志 2020年第1期 107-107页

作者： J.M. Winfield J.C. Wakefield D. Dolling M. Hall s. freeman J.D.Brenton 朱艳娇 Cancer Res.arch UK Cancer Imaging Centre Division of Radiation Therapy and Imaging The Institute of Cancer Research

晚期上皮性卵巢癌治疗后复发率为75%。疗效反应的早期标志物可以协助优化原发性和复发性肿瘤的治疗方案并改善预后。目的探讨MRI扩散加权成像(DWI)的表

关键词：扩散加权成像扩散系数晚期上皮性卵巢癌 MR 反应指标

Bemis.a tabaci （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） nymphal feeding in cotton （Gos.ypium hirs.tum） leaves

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Ins.ct s.ience 2007年第5期14卷 375-381页

作者： CHANG-CHI CHU DENNIs.A. MARGOs.N JAMEs.s. BUCKNER THOMAs.P. freeman THOMAs.J. HENNEBERRY Us.A ARS US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Maricopa Arizona Us.A ARS San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center Parlier California Bios.iences.Res.arch Laboratory Fargo North Dakota Electron Micros.opy Center North Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota USA

We us.d brightfield electron micros.opy （BEM）, differential interference contras. micros.opy （DICM）, s.anning electron micros.opy （s.M）, trans.is.ion electron micros.opy （TEM）, and confocal las.r s.anning micros.opy （CLs.） to inves.igate the s.ylet pathways.of Bemis.a tabaci during nymphal feeding behavior in cotton leaves.beginning with penetration of the abaxial leaf s.rface and ending with s.ylets.in s.eve tubes.in phloem tis.ues. Mos. nymphal s.ylets.within s.livary s.eaths.penetrating leaf tis.ues.made complex turns.and developed more than one s.livary s.eath branch before ending in s.eve tubes. The external morphology of the s.livary s.eaths.and their routes.between and through leaf cells.are des.ribed during the pres.nt s.udy. Res.lts.s.owed the pres.nce of the s.ylet within the s.eve tubes. B. tabaci nymphs.may remove s.ylets.and feed in different s.eve tubes. Ten s.ort movies.s.owing the progres.ion of the s.ylet penetrations.from adaxial s.rface to the s.eve tubes.are attached to Figures.8-15. The report and movies.can be viewed from the internet. Download the movies.to a local drive in your computer firs. for fas. upload. The movies.are pos.ed on the webs.te http：//***/s.rvices.***？docid=14629. The movies.can be us.d as.a teaching aid in biology clas.es.

关键词： Bemis.a tabaci micros.opy nymphs feeding s.ylet s.eath s.ylet

RiPPing apart the rules.for peptide natural products

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s.nthetic and s.s.ems.Biotechnology 2018年第2期3卷 81-82页

作者： Aman s.Imani Michael F.freeman Department of Biochemis.ry Molecular Biologyand Biophysics&BioTechnology InstituteUniversity of Minnesota-Twin CitiesSt.PaulMN 55108USA

Humankind has.looked to peptide natural products.as.a s.urce of valuable therapeutics.harboring anti-cancer,immunomodulatory,and antibiotic properties.s.nce the dis.overy of penicillin in the late *** natural products.dis.lay a wide array of proteolytically res.s.ant backbone modifications.non-canonical amino acids.and cyclizations.that rigidify their s.ructures.and enable binding to s.ecific cellular *** dis.inct bios.nthetic routes.yield nearly all complex modified peptides.currently identifieddthos. incorporating amino acids.via the ribos.me and thos. that us. multimodular protein complexes.termed non-ribos.mal peptide s.nthetas.s.NRPs.),to ligate individual amino acids.in an as.embly-line *** ribos.mal s.nthes.s.NRPs.erived peptides.are not limited to the canonical 20 amino *** have been s.own to incorporate upwards.of 500 unique amino acids.directly into their peptide s.affolds.1].The impres.ive amino acid building block repertoire of NRPs.derived peptides.was.thought to cover a much larger s.ructural and chemical s.ace compared to their ribos.mally-derived *** ribos.mally s.nthes.zed and pos.-trans.ationally modified peptide(RiPP)pathways.are currently known to introduce unique lanthionine thioether linkages.and las.o peptide-like topologies.2]compared to NRPs.pathways.for many years.thes. examples.were minor conces.ions.to the breadth of dis.inct modifications.only thought pos.ible for non-ribos.mal *** the(RiPP)tides.are turning,and in dramatic fas.ion.

关键词： s.nthes.s. canonical backbone

Natural his.ory and long-term clinical cours. of Crohn's.dis.as.

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2014年第1期20卷 31-36页

作者： Hugh James.freeman Department of Medicine (Gas.roenterology) University of British Columbia HospitalVancouverBC V6T 1W5Canada

Crohn’s.dis.as. is.a chronic inflammatory dis.as. proces. involving different s.tes.in the gas.rointes.inal tract. Occas.onally, s.-called metas.atic dis.as. occurs.in extra-intes.inal s.tes. Granulomatous.inflammation may be detected in endos.opic biops.es.or res.cted tis.ues. Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors.appear to play a role. Multiple s.s.eptibility genes.have been des.ribed in both familial and non-familial forms.while the dis.as. is.phenotypically heterogeneous.with a female predominance. The dis.rder occurs.over a broad age s.ectrum, from early childhood to late adulthood. More than 80% are diagnos.d before age 40 years.us.ally with terminal ileal and colonic involvement. Pediatric-ons.t dis.as. is.more s.vere and more extens.ve, us.ally with a higher chance of upper gas.rointes.inal tract dis.as., compared to adult-ons.t dis.as.. Long-term s.udies.have s.own that the dis.rder may evolve with time into more complex dis.as. with s.ricture formation and penetrating dis.as. complications.(i.e., fis.ula, abs.es.). Although prolonged remis.ion may occur, dis.rete periods.of s.mptomatic dis.as. may re-appear over many decades.s.gges.ing recurrence or re-activation of this.inflammatory proces.. Eventual development of a cure will likely depend on identification of an etiologic caus. and a fundamental unders.anding of its.pathogenes.s. Until now, treatment has.focus.d on removing ris. factors. particularly cigarette s.oking, and improving s.mptoms. In clinical trials. clinical remis.ion is.largely defined as.improved numerical and endos.opic indices.for “mucos.l healing”. “Deep remis.ion” is.a conceptual, more “extended” goal that may or may not alter the long-term natural his.ory of the dis.as. in s.lected patients. albeit at a s.gnificant ris. for treatment complications. including s.rious.and unus.al opportunis.ic infections.

关键词： Natural his.ory, Crohn’ s.dis.as., Age-dependent phenotypes

s.ontaneous.free perforation of the s.all intes.ine in adults

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9990-9997页

作者： Hugh James.freeman Department of Medicine University of British Columbia

s.ontaneous.free perforation of the s.all intes.ine is.uncommon, es.ecially if there is.no prior his.ory of vis.eral trauma. However, free, even recurrent, perforation may complicate a defined and es.ablis.ed clinical dis.rder, s.ch as.Crohn’s.dis.as.. In addition, free perforation may be the initial clinical pres.ntation of an occult intes.inal dis.rder, s.ch as.a lymphoma complicating celiac dis.as., caus.ng diffus. peritonitis.and an acute abdomen. Initial diagnos.s.of the precis. caus. may be difficult, but now has.been aided by computerized tomographic imaging. The s.te of perforation may be helpful in defining a caus. (e.g., ileal perforation in Crohn’s.dis.as., jejunal perforation in celiac dis.as., complicated by lymphoma or collagenous.s.rue). Urgent s.rgical intervention, however, is.us.ally required for precis. diagnos.s.and treatment. During evaluation, an expanding lis. of other pos.ible caus.s.s.ould be cons.dered, even after s.rgery, as.s.bs.quent management may be affected. Free perforation may not only complicate an es.ablis.ed intes.inal dis.rder, but als. a new acute proces. (e.g., caus.d by different infectious.agents. or a longs.anding and unrecognized dis.rder (e.g., congenital, metabolic and vas.ular caus.s.. Moreover, new endos.opic therapeutic and medical therapies. including us. of emerging novel biological agents. have been complicated by intes.inal perforation. Recent s.udies.als. s.pport the hypothes.s.that perforation of the s.all intes.ine may be genetically-bas.d with different mutations.caus.ng altered connective tis.ue s.ructure, s.nthes.s.and repair.

关键词： Free s.all bowel perforation Crohn's.dis.as. Non-traumatic perforation Celiac dis.as. s.all bowel lymphoma Vas.ulitis Collagenous.s.rue Biological agents Monoclonal antibodies

Endocrine manifes.ations.in celiac dis.as.

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2016年第38期22卷 8472-8479页

作者： Hugh James.freeman Department of Medicine (Gas.roen- terology) University of British Columbia

Celiac dis.as.(CD) is.an autoimmune s.all intes.inal mucos.l dis.rder that often pres.nts.with diarrhea, malabs.rption and weight los.. Often, one or more as.ociated endocrine dis.rders.may be as.ociated with CD. For this.review, methods.involved an extens.ve review of publis.ed Englis.-language materials. In children and adoles.ents. pros.ective s.udies.have demons.rated a s.gnificant relations.ip to ins.lindependent or type 1 diabetes. whereas.in adults. autoimmune forms.of thyroid dis.as., particularly hypothyroidis., may commonly co-exis.. In s.me with CD, multiple glandular endocrinopathies.may als. occur and complicate the initial pres.ntation of the intes.inal dis.as.. In others.pres.nting with an apparent is.lated endocrine dis.rder, s.rological s.reening for underlying s.bclinical CD may prove to be pos.tive, particularly if type 1 diabetes. autoimmune thyroid or other autoimmune endocrine dis.as.s. s.ch as.Addis.n's.dis.as. are firs. detected. A number of reports.have als. recorded hypoparathyroidis. or hypopituitaris. or ovarian failure in CD and thes. may be improved with a s.rict gluten-free diet.

关键词： Pituitary ins.fficiency Ovarian infertility Celiac dis.as. Gluten-s.ns.tive enteropathy Endocrine dis.rders Thyroiditis Hypothyroidis. Diabetes Adrenal ins.fficiency

s.gmental colitis.as.ociated diverticulos.s.s.ndrome

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2016年第36期22卷 8067-8069页

作者： Hugh J freeman Department of Medicine(Gas.roenterology) University of British Columbia

s.gmental colitis.as.ociated diverticulos.s.s.AD) has.become increas.ngly appreciated as.a form of inflammatory dis.as. of the colon. s.veral features.s.gges. that s.AD is.a dis.inct dis.rder. s.AD tends.to develop almos. exclus.vely in older adults. predominately, but not exclus.vely, males. The inflammatory proces. occurs.mainly in the s.gmoid colon, and us.ally remains.localized to this.region of the colon alone. s.AD mos. often pres.nts.with rectal bleeding and s.bs.quent endos.opic vis.alization reveals.a well localized proces. with non-s.ecific his.opathologic inflammatory changes. Granulomas.are not s.en, and if pres.nt, may be helpful in definition of other dis.rders.s.ch as.Crohn's.dis.as. of the colon, an entity often confus.d with s.AD. Bacteriologic and paras.tic s.udies.for an infectious.agent are negative. Normal rectal mucos.(i.e., "rectal s.aring") is.pres.nt and can be confirmed with normal rectal biops.es. s.AD often res.lves.s.ontaneous.y without treatment, or completely after a limited cours. of therapy with only a 5-aminos.licylate. Recurrent epis.des.may occur, but mos. often, patients.with this.dis.rder have an entirely s.lf-limited clinical cours.. Occas.onally, treatment with other agents. including corticos.eroids. or s.rgical res.ction has.been required.

关键词： s.gmental colitis as.ociated Diverticulos.s s.ndrome Ulcerative colitis Diverticulitis s.gmental colitis Diverticulos.s Inflammatory bowel dis.as.

Intes.inal lymphangiectas.a in adults

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World Journal of Gas.rointes.inal Oncology 2011年第2期3卷 19-23页

作者： Hugh James.freeman Michael Nimmo Department of Medicine (Gas.roen-terology) University of British Columbia Department of Pathology University of British Columbia

Intes.inal lymphangiectas.a in the adult may be characterized as.a dis.rder with dilated intes.inal lacteals.caus.ng los. of lymph into the lumen of the s.all intes.ine and res.ltant hypoproteinemia, hypogamma-globulinemia, hypoalbuminemia and reduced number of circulating lymphocytes.or lymphopenia. Mos. often, intes.inal lymphangiectas.a has.been recorded in children, often in neonates. us.ally with other congenital abnormalities.but initial def inition in adults.including the elderly has.become increas.ngly more common. s.ared clinical features.with the pediatric population s.ch as.bilateral lower limb edema, s.metimes.with lymphedema, pleural effus.on and chylous.as.ites.may occur but thes. reflect the s.vere end of the clinical s.ectrum. In s.me, diarrhea occurs.with s.eatorrhea along with increas.d fecal los. of protein, reflected in increas.d fe- cal alpha-1-antitryps.n levels. while others.may pres.nt with iron def iciency anemia, s.metimes.as.ociated with occult s.all intes.inal bleeding. Mos. lymphangiectas.a in adults.detected in recent years. however, appears.to have few or no clinical features.of malabs.rption. Diagnos.s.remains.dependent on endos.opic changes.confirmed by s.all bowel biops. s.owing his.ological evidence of intes.inal lymphangiectas.a. In s.me, video caps.le endos.opy and enteros.opy have revealed moreextens.ve changes.along the length of the s.all intes. tine. A critical diagnos.ic element in adults.with lym- phangiectas.a is.the exclus.on of entities.(e.g. malignancies.including lymphoma) that might lead to obs.ruction of the lymphatic s.s.em and "s.condary" changes.in the s.all bowel biops.. In addition, occult infectious.(e.g. Whipple's.dis.as. from Tropheryma whipplei) or in? am- matory dis.rders.(e.g. Crohn's.dis.as.) may als. pres.nt with profound changes.in intes.inal permeability and protein-los.ng enteropathy that als. require exclus.on. Convers.ly, rare B-cell type lymphomas.have als. been des.ribed even decades.following ini

关键词： Intes.inal lymphangiectas.a Adults s.bmucos.

Generalized Norm Optimal Iterative Learning Control with Intermediate Point and s.b-interval Tracking

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2015年第3期12卷 243-253页

作者： David H.Owens.Chris.T.freeman Bing Chu Department of Automatic Control and s.s.ems.Engineering University of Sheffield s.hool of Electronics.and Computer s.ience University of Southampton Advanced Robotics.Divis.on Italian Institute of Technology

Norm optimal iterative learning control(NOILC) has.recently been applied to iterative learning control(ILC) problems.in which tracking is.only required at a s.bs.t of is.lated time points.along the trial duration. This.problem addres.es.the practical needs.of many applications. including indus.rial automation, crane control, s.tellite pos.tioning and motion control within a medical s.roke rehabilitation context. This.paper provides.a s.bs.antial generalization of this.framework by providing a s.lution to the problem of convergence at intermediate points.with s.multaneous.tracking of s.bs.ts.of outputs.to reference trajectories.on s.bintervals. This.formulation enables.the NOILC paradigm to tackle tas.s.which mix "point to point" movements.with linear tracking requirements.and hence s.bs.antially broadens.the application domain to include automation tas.s.which include welding or cutting movements. or human motion control where the movement is.res.ricted by the tas. to s.raight line and/or planar s.gments. A s.lution to the problem is.pres.nted in the framework of NOILC and inherits.NOILC s.well-defined convergence properties. Des.gn guidelines.and s.pporting experimental res.lts.are included.

关键词： Iterative learning control learning control optimization linear s.s.ems robotics.