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Primary biliary cirrhosis: Pathophysiology, clinical presentation and therapy

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第7期7卷 926-941页

作者： Treta Purohit Mitchell s Cappell Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology William Beaumont Hospital Oakland University William Beaumont school of Medicine

Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) is an autoimmune, slowly progressive, cholestatic, liver disease characterized by a triad of chronic cholestasis, circulating anti-mitochondrial antibodies(AMA), and characteristic liver biopsy findings of nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis and interlobular bile duct destruction. About 10% of PBC patients, however, lack AMA. A variant, called PBC-autoimmune hepatitis(AIH) overlap, is characterized by the above findings of PBC together with findings of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, elevated serum immunoglobulin G, and circulating anti-smooth muscle antibodies, with liver biopsy demonstrating periportal or periseptal, lymphocytic, piecemeal necrosis. PBC is hypothesized to be related to environmental exposure in genetically vulnerable individuals. It typically occurs in middle-aged females. Prominent clinical features include fatigue, pruritis, jaundice, xanthomas, osteoporosis, and dyslipidemia. The Mayo Risk score is the most widely used and best prognostic system. Ursodeoxycholic acid is the primary therapy. It works partly by reducing the concentration and injury from relatively toxic bile acids. PBC-AIH overlap syndrome is treated with ursodeoxycholic acid and corticosteroids, especially budesonide. Obeticholic acid and fibrate are promising new, but incompletely tested, therapies. Liver transplantation is the definitive therapy for advanced disease, with about 70% 10-year survival after transplantation. Management of pruritis includes local skin care, dermatologist referral, avoiding potential pruritogens, cholestyramine, and possibly opioid antagonists, sertraline, or rifaximin. Management of osteoporosis includes life-style modifications, administration of calcium and vitamin D, and alendronate. statins are relatively safe to treat the osteopenia associated with PBC. Associated sjogren's syndrome is treated by artificial tears, cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion to stimulate tear production; and saliva substitutes, c

关键词： Primary biliary cirrhosis Ursodeoxycholicacid Cirrhosis Liver transplantation Cholestatic liverdisease

Cerebral tuberculoma:critical review of two cases

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2008年第4期1卷 67-71页

作者： Amit Agrawal sameer singhal s.R.Joharapurkar s.J.Vagha Bhushan Wani Department of surgery Datta Meghe Institute of Medical SciencesSawangi(Meghe) Wardha India Department of Medicine Datta Meghe Institute of Medical SciencesSawangi(Meghe) Wardha India Datta Meghe Institute of Medical sciences Datta Meghe Institute of Medical SciencesSawangi(Meghe)Wardha.India Department of Pathology Datta Meghe Institute of Medical SciencesSawangi(Meghe)Wardha India Department of surgery Datta Meghe Institute of Medical SciencesSawangi(Meghe)Wardha India

Central nervous system tuberculosis can have protean *** review the clinical and radiological findings in two cases of cerebral tuberculoma in immuoncompetent *** two cases represent the spectrum of variations of clinical and radiological features of cerebral tuberculoma and highlight the controversies in the approach to diagnosis and management.

关键词： Cerebral tuberculoma Intracerebral mass Tuberculoma Tuberculosis

subsequent pregnancy outcomes and fertility rates in the case series that underwent bilateral hypogastric artery ligation(BHGAL)due to severe postpartum hemorrhage

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2024年第1期13卷 28-33页

作者： OKUTUCU Gulcan EVsEN Mehmet s PEKER Nurullah YAMAN TUNC senem ICEN Mehmet s Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of PerinatologyTurkish Ministry of Health Ankara City HospitalAnkaraTurkey Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Dicle UniversitySchool of MedicineDiyarbakirTurkey

Objective:To evaluate the effect of bilateral hypogastric artery ligation(BHGAL)on women's pregnancy outcomes and fertility rates in cases with severe postpartum ***:Patients hospitalized in a tertiary care center between 2007 and 2018 were included in the *** records of cases were obtained from the hospital database,*** demographic data,morbidities or complications associated with BHGAL surgery,any additional haemostatic interventional or surgical procedures,preoperative admission and lowest postoperative haematocrit-hemoglobin values,blood products given,type of anaesthesia,intensive care unit(ICU)and length of hospital stay were *** cases without surgical sterilization,future fertility and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were assessed for at least two years after *** was obtained through face-to-face or telephone interviews with patients whose long-term fertility and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were ***:sixty-eight patients with BHGAL surgery history were included in the study.26 Of 37 cases(70%)that did not undergo surgical sterilization had a desire for pregnancy after the *** of these cases(23%)were diagnosed with secondary *** fertility rate of these cases was 77%,and subsequent pregnancy was detected in 20 women.A total of 25 pregnancies,including first and second pregnancies,developed,and 15 of these pregnancies resulted in term delivery,six preterm births,one stillbirth,and three ***:The postoperative pregnancy rate was found to be higher than the rate of women with infertility problems,and this surgery does not seem to adversely affect pregnancy *** is a tertiary center experience and cohort studies with large patient series are needed.

关键词： Fertility Iliac artery Ligations Postpartum hemorrhage Pregnancy outcomes

Organic Ion ***,Characterization and Applications

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2005年第5期44卷 680-681页

作者： E. s. Dragan "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Iasi 700487 Romania

Organic ion exchangers in beads form are the most widely utilized materials in the purification, concentration and separation processes of inorganic and organic ions in many fields of science and industry[1,2]. some original contributions in the preparation and characterization of porous organic ion exchangers will be summarized first. The main types of synthetic ion exchangers were obtained by polymer-analogous reactions performed on porous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers (s-DVB)[3,4] and porous acrylonitrile-DVB copolymers (AN-DVB) [5,6]. Porous s-DVB copolymers were used as substrate for the synthesis of weak and strong base anion exchangers by chloromethylation reaction followed by the reaction with secondary or tertiary *** chloromethylation agents were employed. Weak base anion exchangers with tertiary or primary amine groups were prepared starting from AN-DVB copolymers by aminolyse-hydrolyse reaction with asymmetrical diamines or ethylenediamine (EDA), respectively. strong base anion exchangers were obtained by quaternization reaction with alkyl halides of the tertiary amine groups. Chelating ion exchangers with iminodiacetic groups were prepared by the carboxymethylation reaction of the primary amine groups above mentioned and of those contained in a vinylamine-ethylacrylate-DVB copolymer, vinylamine units being generated by a Hofmann degradation reaction of the primary amide groups contained in the acrylamide-ethylacrylate-DVB copolymerp[7]. An amphoteric ion exchanger was prepared by the hydrolysis of the ester groups after the Hofmann degradation.

关键词：有机离子交换合成方法大孔聚合物净化工艺分离工艺

Co-movement in crypto-currency markets:evidences from wavelet analysis

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Financial Innovation 2019年第1期5卷 582-598页

作者： Anoop s Kumar Taufeeq Ajaz Waggle Lab University of KeralaKaryavattomThiruvananthapuramKerala 695581India school of Economics Narsee Monjee Institute of Management StudiesBangaloreKarnataka 560083India.

We study the time varying co-movement patterns of the crypto-currency prices with the help of wavelet-based methods;employing daily bilateral exchange rate of four major crypto-currencies namely Bitcoin,Ethereum,Lite and ***,we identify Bitcoin as potential market leader using Wavelet multiple correlation and Cross ***,Wavelet Local Multiple Correlation for the given cryptocurrency prices are estimated across different *** the results,it is found that that the correlation follows an aperiodic cyclical nature,and the crypto-currency prices are driven by Bitcoin price *** on the results obtained,we suggest that constructing a portfolio based on crypto-currencies may be risky at this point of time as the other crypto-currency prices are mainly driven by Bitcoin prices,and any shocks in the latter is immediately transformed to the former.

关键词： Bitcoin Co-movement Crypto-currencies Wavelets

surface Waviness in Grinding of Thin Mould Insert Using Chilled Air as Coolant

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厦门大学学报（自然科学版） 2002年第S1期41卷 105-106页

作者： Yeo s H K Ramesh school of MPE Nanyang Technological UniversityGintic Institute of Manufacturing Technology Singapore Singapore

On going trend of miniaturization in electronic rel at ed parts, which is an average of two times in every 5～7 years introduce grindin g challenges. In grinding process, the surface waviness control of thin parts is an ardent task due to its warpage, induced by the high specific grinding energy (2～10 J/mm 3). Therefore, coolant is often used to avoid thermal damage, obtai n better surface integrity and to prolong wheel life. However coolant, the incomp ressibility media introduce high forces at the grinding zone creating dimensiona l as well as shape instability. In view of these situations chilled air was ap plied in place of conventional coolant. The chilled air is produced using a two -stage vapor compression refrigeration cycle with characteristics of: temperatu re -35 ℃, pressure 0.2～0.3 MPa and flow rate 0.4 m 3/min. Also traces of eco - oil mist that encompass the chilled air are supplied to the grinding zone. B oth chilled air and eco-oil mist are applied through two independent paths of a specially designed twin compartment nozzle for maximizing the penetration. This paper investigates the grinding characteristics of mold insert which is closer to M2 tool steel (component widely used in connector industries) when using chil led air as coolant media. Grinding experiments were conducted using a vitrified bond CBN wheel (B91N100V) and a surface grinder. Initial study was focussed on establishing the most suita ble clamping method for the thin mold insert. FEM analysis and grinding experime nt studies were performed to quantitatively analyze the clamping induced deflect ion. Waviness value (W t) of (24～62) μm was achieved for resin clampi n g whereas (4～8) μm, (4～6) μm were achieved for magnetic and wax clamping res pe ctively. Wax clamping is predominantly used in all the grinding experiments that characterize the grinding process, which use chilled air as the coolant media. Between 0.15 to 0.9 mm 3/mm.s of specific material removal rate, ground sur face tempe

关键词： In surface Waviness in Grinding of Thin Mould Insert Using Chilled Air as Coolant

Why Pheidippides could not believe in the‘Central Governor Model’:Popper's philosophy applied to choose between two exercise physiology theories

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sports Medicine and Health science 2022年第1期4卷 1-7页

作者： Fernando A.M.s.Pompeu The Physical Education Graduate Program Rio de Janeiro Federal UniversityRio de JaneiroUFRJBrazil

An important epistemological problem has been faced by Exercise *** one hand,one theory explains the fatigue through a ceiling effect of oxygen *** the other hand,the new theory proposes that an encephalon mechanism would stop the effort before a catastrophic homeostasis *** physiologists have looked for evidence to support their favourite theory even though the induction logic problem does not allow to prove whether truth is discovered;however,it is possible to prove that it does not *** some researchers fail to test their hypotheses,they use relativism to bring up their theories *** and his colleagues have based their theory on relativism,because it is impossible to refute by empirical *** also doesn't explain all phenomena that the oldest Hill's theory is able to ***'s theory isn't more accurate in its *** did not check whether the oxygen uptake plateau occurs in suitable tests to measure on the mouth what happens in the ***,it doesn't propose new tests for the encephalon role during maximal effort,as that is expected in scientific *** all of these reasons,it is possible to conclude there are no advantages in switching to the“Central Governor”theory.

关键词： Epistemological problem VO_(2)plateau Positivism scientific revolutions and philosophy of science

New records of Graphidaceae(lichenized fungi)from the Western Ghats of Kerala state,India

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studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 213-223页

作者： Biju H sabeena A Nayaka s Microbiology Division Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research InstitutePalodeThiruvananthapuram 695562Kerala Lichenology laboratory Plant Diversity Systematics and Herbarium DivisionNational Botanical Research InstituteLucknow 226001Uttar Pradesh

In the present paper,15 lichenized fungal species belonging to family Graphidaceae are described,of which Ocellularia albomaculata,***,***,***,*** and *** are new records to Indian lichen biota and Pallidogramme chrysenteron is new to Peninsular India,whereas Asteristion alboolivaceum,Chapsa hiata,Diploschistes rampoddensis,Fissurina rubiginosa,Pseudochapsa phlyctidioides,Thelotrema canarense,*** and *** are new to lichen biota of Kerala state.

关键词： Ascomycota Biodiversity Taxonomy

Landmarks and new frontiers of computational fluid dynamics

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Advances in Aerodynamics 2019年第1期1卷 96-131页

作者： Joseph J.s.shang Wright state University 3640 Colonel Glenn HighwayDaytonOH 45435-0001USA

A narrative of landmarks in computational fluid dynamics(CFD)is presented to highlight the cornerstone *** accomplishments starting from the very beginning of the coherent development until the most recent progress will be elucidated over the span over more than six ***,the cuttingedge scientific innovations will also be discussed for their lasting impacts to fluid dynamics and the physics-based modeling and simulation *** traverse such a vast domain over time by a single presentation,numerous and excellent contributions to CFD will be unavoidably *** it is my ardent hope that the present discussion will be able to reaffirm excellence in research and to identify new frontiers for scientific ***,the challenges to future innovations will also be delineated to recommend for potential and fertile research areas for the modeling and simulation science.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics Numerical algorithms Turbulence Interdisciplinary computational fluid dynamics