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saussure’s Prolegomena——Toward a semiotics of the Mind

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Language and semiotic studies 2022年第1期8卷 91-104页

作者： Per Aage brandt 不详

The study of language is based either on the word or on the sentence as basic units.Ferdinand de saussure opted for the word;other linguists later preferred the sentence or chose to ignore the difference between word and sentence.Words,however,have extra-linguistic functions related to the topologies of thought,the spontaneous geometrical imageries of meaningful mental figuration,as we know them from sign posts,from verbal descriptions,and from the semiotics of diagrams.If words,rather than sentences,are in this sense the essential connectors of language and thought,then the general architecture of linguistic structures,including semantics and syntax,should be centered around this lexical“window”into the thinking mind,and the semiotic modes of language and signs may then be described by similar architectures directly connected to the figurative mind itself.This paper offers tentative connected models of the architectures of language,signs,and the figurative mind,and suggests the possibility of interpreting Ferdinand de saussure’s semiological intuitions in the sense of a semiotics of the mind along these cognitive-semiotic lines.

关键词： word-based linguistics mental architecture cognitive semiotics sign categories

Exercise immunology:Future directions

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Journal of sport and Health science 2020年第5期9卷 432-445页

作者： David C.Nieman brandt D.Pence Human Performance Laboratory Appalachian State UniversityNorth Carolina Research CampusKannapolisNC 28081USA school of Health studies University of MemphisMemphisTN 38152USA

several decades of research in the area of exercise immunology have shown that the immune system is highly responsive to acute and chronic exercise training.Moderate exercise bouts enhance immunosurveillance and when repeated over time mediate multiple health benefits.Most of the studies prior to 2010 relied on a few targeted outcomes related to immune function.During the past decade,technologic advances have created opportunities for a multi-omics and systems biology approach to exercise immunology.This article provides an overview of metabolomics,lipidomics,and proteomics as they pertain to exercise immunology,with a focus on immunometabolism.This review also summarizes how the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota can be influenced by exercise,with applications to human health and immunity.Exercise-induced improvements in immune function may play a critical role in countering immunosenescence and the development of chronic diseases,and emerging omics technologies will more clearly define the underlying mechanisms.This review summarizes what is currently known regarding a multi-omics approach to exercise immunology and provides future directions for investigators.

关键词： Exercise Immunology Lipidomics Metabolomics Proteomics

Variant selection in additively manufactured alpha-beta titanium alloys

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2022年第18期113卷 14-21页

作者： s.L.Lu C.J.Todaro Y.Y.sun T.song M.brandt M.Qian Centre for Additive Manufacturing School of Engineering RMIT University school of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University

Alpha-beta(α-β)titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V(wt.%,here-after the same)and Ti-6Al-2sn-4Zr-2Mo fabricated by fusion-based additive manufacturing(AM)typically exhibit a strong columnar prior-βgrain structure.These columnar prior-βgrains with their001along the build direction not only lead to solidification tex-ture but also cause subsequentα-phase textures[1].The forma-tion of theseα-phase textures is a consequence of theβ→αtransformation obeying the Burgers orientation relationship(BOR)[1-5],which results in[0001]of theα-phase being orientated at about either 45°or 0°relative to the horizontal.They affect the deformation behaviour and mechanical properties[1,6].Defined by the BOR,a singleβ-phase grain can bring forth 12α-phase vari-ants[2,7],leading to significant microstructural intricacy.Theseα-phase variants do not form randomly in eachβ-phase grain.Rather,their formation displays specific crystallographic features,known asα-variant selection,which is common in Ti alloys.In an extreme case,α-variant selection can lead to the formation of a singleα-phase crystal through anα→β→αtransformation cy-cle[8,9].

关键词： alloys grain transformation

Involvement of CYP347W1 in neurotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid-based chemical defense in mustard leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae

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Insect science 2022年第2期29卷 453-466页

作者： Nanxia Fu Tobias Becker Wolfgang brandt Maritta Kunert Antje Burse Wilhelm Boland Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization Tea Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle(Saale)Germany Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany Department of Medical Technology and Biotechnology Ernst Abbe Hochschule JenaJenaGermany

Chrysomelina beetlesstore 3-nitropropionic acid in form of a pretoxin,isoxazolin-5-one glucoside-conjugated ester,to protect themselves against predators.Here we identified a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase,CYP347W1,to be involved in the production of the 3-nitropropionic acid moiety of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester.Knocking down CYP347W1 led to a significant depletion in the concentration of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester and an increase in the concentration of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside in the larval hemolymph.Enzyme assays with the heterologously expressed CYP347W1 showed freeβ-alanine was not the direct substrate.Homology modeling indicated thatβ-alanine-CoA ester can fit into CYP347W1’s active site.Furthermore,we proved that Phaedon cochleariae eggs are not able to de novo synthesize 3-NPA,although both isoxazolin-5-one glucoside and its 3-NPA-conjugated ester are present in the eggs.These results provide direct evidence for the involvement of CYP347W1 in the biosynthesis of a P.cochleariae chemical defense compound.

关键词： chemical defense isoxazolin-5-one glucoside isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester leaf beetles P450 3-nitropropionic acid(3-NPA)

Multifunctional landscapes—perspectives for the future

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2003年第2期15卷 187-192页

作者： Jesper brandt Department of Geography and International Development studies Roskilde University

New methods in landscape ecology to study the link between landscape heterogeneity and landscape functionality are needed. Heterogeneity is a basic characteristic of landscape, and landscape function is the capacity to change the structural heterogeneity of a landscape system. In most developed countries the industrialisation of agriculture has in general resulted in a change of agricultural landscapes from a small-grained heterogeneous pattern towards more monotonous and monofunctional landscapes. During the 1990's this trends seems to have changed due to a diversification of rural land use and new trends in urbanisation. Weather these phases of landscape development should be expected in developing countries is a totally open question. Dealing with the study of multifunctionality of landscapes it is proposed to distinguish between ecological functionality of landscape ecosystems, functionality pertaining to land use and social functionality. Further, the relation between function, space and scale is important by the determination of spatial and time segregation as well as spatial and time integration of multifunctionality in landscapes.

关键词： landscape heterogeneity monotonisation multifunctionality spatial segregation time segregation landscape development

Editorial:Recent advances in hydrodynamic instability and transition to turbulence

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2015年第3期5卷 101-102,I0004页

作者： Luca brandt Jianjun Tao Linné FLOW Centre KTH Mechanics CAPT HEDPSand IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoEDepartment of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceCollege of EngineeringPeking University

Hydrodynamic instability and the mechanisms for turbulence onset and self-sustaining are two research questions that have puzzled the scientists for over a century, yet renewed interest and significant progress occurred in the last decade or so. We know only few exact analytical solutions of the Navier-stokes equations, the equations governing the flow of simple fluids like water and air, and most of these are never observed in applications or laboratory experiments since these configurations are prone to instabilities that quickly bring the flow to the turbulent regime.

关键词： turbulence instability hydrodynamic exact renewed advances stokes Navier questions turbulent

Bootstrap Algebraic Multigrid: status Report, Open Problems, and Outlook

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2015年第1期8卷 112-135页

作者： Achi brandt James Brannick Karsten Kahl Ira Livshits Department of Applied Mathematics&Computer science The Weizmann Institute of Science76100 RehovotIsrael Department of Mathematics The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Mathematics University of WuppertalWuppertalGermany Department of Mathematical sciences Ball State UniversityMuncieIN 47306USA

This paper provides an overview of the main ideas driving the bootstrap algebraic multigrid methodology,including compatible relaxation and algebraic dis-tances for defining effective coarsening strategies,the least squares method for com-puting accurate prolongation operators and the bootstrap cycles for computing the test vectors that are used in the least squares process.We review some recent re-search in the development,analysis and application of bootstrap algebraic multigrid and point to open problems in these areas.Results from our previous research as well as some new results for some model diffusion problems with highly oscillatory diffusion coefficient are presented to illustrate the basic components of the BAMG algorithm.

关键词： Bootstrap algebraic multigrid compatible relaxation algebraic distance least squares interpolation

Kinship analysis reveals reproductive success skewed toward overwintered brandt’s voles in semi-natural enclosures

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第5期14卷 435-445页

作者： Yan CHEN Dawei WANG Ning LI Xiangfa HU Fei ren Weili HAO Ying sONG Xiaohui LIU state Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina College of Life sciences Sichuan UniversityChengduChina

Age structure and seasonality influence the population fluctuations of small rodents.Age determines body weight and social experience,while seasonality regulates the duration of the breeding season and onset of sexual maturity in newborn offspring.Therefore,reproductive success and skew usually occur in different age groups.brandt’s vole(Lasiopodomys brandtii)is a social,short-lived and seasonal breeding small rodent with a dramatic seasonal population fluctuation,but reproductive skew is not fully understood in this species.In the present study,we determined kinship in semi-natural enclosure populations using microsatellite markers based on genotyping,analyzed the reproductive skew between sexes and between overwintered and newborn voles,and monitored variation in male reproductive activity by testing fecal testosterone levels throughout the year.Overwintered voles had the most reproductive success along with a striking increase in the population size in the enclosures,with all biological fathers and 77.8%of biological mothers,which had 100%and 87%of the total offspring,respectively.Compared to overwintered voles,reproductive skews were significantly higher in potential overwintered and newborn parents,implying the possible reproductive suppression of newborn voles by dominant overwintered voles.Moreover,both heavier body weight and higher testosterone levels in overwintered males supported their potential social status in the population.Our study provided new evidence for reproductive skew and differentiation of postnatal gonadal development patterns of different age groups in brandt’s vole.

关键词： brandt’s vole microsatellite marker reproductive skew social dominance testosterone

What Is a Game?--A Ludo-semiotic Approach

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Language and semiotic studies 2018年第4期4卷 22-27页

作者： Per Aage brandt Case Western Reserve University USA

In this diminutive essay, I propose a schema that may specify the behavior we associate with playing games, and I emphasize in particular the function of the factor of chance. I also suggest a blending model accounting for the important intentional properties of participating and watching games—the dynamic phenomenology of ludic semiosis.

关键词： game dynamics ludo-semiotics semantics of chance semiotic blending in games