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An Arabidopsis Lipid Flippase Is Required for Timely Recruitment of Defenses to the Host- Pathogen Interface at the Plant Cell Surface

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Molecular Plant 2017年第6期10卷 805-820页

作者： William Underwood Andrew ryan Shauna C. Somerville Energy Biosciences Institute Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA USDA-ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit Fargo ND 58102-2765 USA Division of Biological Sciences University of California San Diego CA 92161 USA

Deposition of cell wall-reinforcing papillae is an integral component of the plant immune response. TheArabidopsis PENETRATION 3 （PEN3） ATP binding cassette （ABC） transporter plays a role in defense against numerous pathogens and is recruited to sites of pathogen detection where it accumulates within papillae. However, the trafficking pathways and regulatory mechanisms contributing to recruitment of PEN3 and other defenses to the host-pathogen interface are poorly understood. Here, we report a confocal microscopy-based screen to identify mutants with altered localization of PEN3-GFP after inoculation with powdery mildew fungi. We identified a mutant, aberrant localization of PEN3 3 （alp3）, displaying accumulation of the normally plasma membrane （PM）-Iocalized PEN3-GFP in endomembrane compartments. The mutant was found to be disrupted in the P4-ATPase AMINOPHOSPHOLIPID ATPASE 3 （ALA3）, a lipid flippase that plays a critical role in vesicle formation. We provide evidence that PEN3 undergoes continuous endocytic cycling from the PM to the trans-Golgi network （TGN）. In alp3, PEN3 accumulates in the TGN, causing delays in recruitment to the host-pathogen interface. Our results indicate that PEN3 and other defense proteins continuously cycle through the TGN and that timely exit of these proteins from the TGN is critical for effective pre-invasive immune responses against powdery mildews.

关键词： plant-microbe interactions defense responses protein traffic and secretion macromolecular trafficking papilla ABC transporter

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Applying the Socio-Ecological Model to barriers to implementation of ACL injury prevention programs: A systematic review

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第1期8卷 8-16页

作者： DRima L.Bogardus ryan j.Martin Alice R.Richman Anthony S.Kulas Department of Health Education and Promotion East Carolina University

Background: Preventing anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injuries is important to avoid long-term adverse health consequences. Identifying barriers to implementation of these prevention programs is crucial to reducing the incidence of these injuries. Our purpose was to identify barriers of implementation for ACL injury prevention programs and suggest mechanisms for reducing the barriers through application of a SocioEcological Model(SEM).Methods: Studies investigating ACL prevention program effectiveness were searched in Medline via PubMed and the Cochrane Library, and a subsequent review of the references of the identified articles, yielded 15 articles total. Inclusion criteria encompassed prospective controlled trials, published in English, with ACL injuries as the primary outcome. Studies were independently appraised by 2 reviewers for methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Barriers to implementation were identified when reported in at least 2 separate studies. A SEM was used to suggest ways to reduce the identified ***: Five barriers were identified: motivation, time requirements, skill requirements for program facilitators, compliance, and cost. The SEM suggested ways to minimize the barriers at all levels of the model from the individual through policy ***: Identification of barriers to program implementation and suggesting how to reduce them through the SEM is a critical first step toward enabling ACL prevention programs to be more effective and ultimately reducing the incidence of these injuries.

关键词： Anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention Barriers to implementation Neuromuscular training programs Socio-Ecological Model Sports injury prevention

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Solution of Liouville’s Equation for Uncertainty Characterization of the Main Problem in Satellite Theory

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2016年第3期111卷 269-304页

作者： ryan Weisman Manoranjan Majji Kyle T.Alfriend Research Aerospace Engineer Air Force Research LaboratoryAFRL/RVSV 3550 Aberdeen Ave.SEKirtland AFB87117 Assistant Professor Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering DepartmentUniversity at Buffalo318 Jarvis HallBuffaloNY14260 TEES Research Professor Aerospace Engineering DepartmentTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843-3141

This paper presents a closed form solution to Liouville’s equation governing the evolution of the probability density function associated with the motion of a body in a central force field and subject to *** is shown that the application of transformation of variables formula for mapping uncertainties is equivalent to the method of characteristics for computing the time evolution of the probability density function that forms the solution of the Liouville’s partial differential *** insights derived from the nature of the solution to Liouville’s equation are used to reduce the dimensionality of uncertainties in orbital element *** is demonstrated that the uncertainty propagation is fastest in the semi-major axis and the mean anomaly phase *** results obtained for uncertainty propagation for the two body problem are applied to investigate the uncertainty propagation in the presence of the j2 perturbation using a combination of osculating and mean element perturbation *** orbital uncertainty propagation calculations are validated using Monte-Carlo results for several representative orbits.

关键词： Astrodynamics Uncertainty Quantification

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Statin use and cognitive function in middle-aged adults with type 1 diabetes

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World journal of Diabetes 2017年第6期8卷 286-296页

作者： Karen A Nunley Trevor j Orchard Christopher M ryan Rachel Miller Tina Costacou Caterina Rosano Department of Epidemiology University of PittsburghPA 15213United States

AIM To test associations between statin use and cognitive impairment in adults with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes(T1D).METHODS In 2010-13, n = 108 middle-aged participants from ongoing observational Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study underwent neurocognitive assessment(mean age and T1 D duration of 49 and 41 years, respectively). All were diagnosed with childhoodonset(i.e., prior to age 18) T1 D between 1950 and 1980 and were seen within one year of diagnosis at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Self-reported statin use(yes/no and if yes, name of statin) was collected biennially from parent study baseline(1986-1988) to time of neurocognitive testing. Logistic regression models tested associations between statin use groups and cognitive impairment(defined as having two or more cognitive test scores 1.5SD or worse than published norms) while linear regression models tested associations between statin use groups and cognitive domain z-scores(domains: Verbal IQ, memory, executive function, psychomotor speed, and visuo-construction). All models controlled for education and age. To address confounding by indication, models were repeated using a propensity score for statin *** Of the 108 participants, 51 reported never using statins. Median duration of statin use among the 57 ever users was 6 years. These 57 ever statin users were split to create two groups(≤ or > median years of statin use): 1-6 years(n = 25), and 7-12 years(n = 32). Compared with never users, using statins 1-6 years tripled the odds of cognitive impairment(OR = 3.16; 95%CI: 0.93-10.72; P = 0.06) and using statins 7-12 years almost quintupled the odds of cognitive impairment(OR = 4.84; 95%CI: 1.63-14.44; P = 0.005). Compared with never users, using statins 1-6 or 7-12 years was related to worse performance in the memory domain(β =-0.52; P = 0.003, and-0.39; P = 0.014, respectively). Adjusting for coronary artery disease, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and Apo E4 statu

关键词：打 1 糖尿病认知缺陷记忆 Statin 使用队学习

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The role of latitudinal, genetic and temperature variation in the induction of diapause of Papilio glaucus （Lepidoptera： Papilionidae）

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 328-336页

作者： ryan, Sean F. Valella, Patti Thivierge, Gabrielle Aardema, Matthew L. Scriber, j. Mark Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana USA USDA‐ARS Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology 1600/1700 Southwest 23rd Drive Gainesville Florida USA Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Life Science Department Long Beach City College Long Beach California USA Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics American Museum of Natural History New York New York USA McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Diversity University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

A key adaptation in insects for dealing with variable environmental conditions is the ability to diapause. The tiger swallowtail butterflies, Papilio glaucus and P. canadensis are ideal species to explore the genetic causes and population genetic consequences of diapause because divergence in this trait is believed to be a salient factor in maintaining a hybrid zone between these species. Yet little is known about the factors that influence diapause induction in this system. Here we explored how spatial （latitudinal）, environmental （temperature） and genetic （hybridization） factors affect diapause induction in this system. Specifically, a series of growth chamber experiments using wild caught individuals from across the eastern United States were performed to：（1） evaluate how critical photoperiod varies with latitude, （2） isolate the stage in which induction occurs, （3） test whether changes in temperature affected rates of diapause induction, and （4） explore how the incidence of diapause is affected in hybrid offspring. We find that induction occurs in the larval stage, is not sensitive to a relatively broad range of temperatures, appears to have a complex genetic basis （i.e., is not simply a dominant trait following a Mendelian inheritance pattern） and that the critical photoperiod increases by 0.4 h with each increasing degree in latitude. This work deepens our understanding of how spatial, environmental and genetic variation influences a key seasonal adaptation （diapause induction） in a well-developed ecological model system and will make possible future studies that explore how climatic variation affects the population dynamics and genetics of this system.

关键词： adaptation critical photoperiod development diapauses facultative hybridization

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Dominance network structure across reproductive contexts in the cooperatively breeding cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 45-54页

作者： Cody j. DEY Q.Y. joanne TAN Constance M. O'CONNOR Adam R. REDDON j. ryan CALDWELL Sigal BALSHINE Department of Biology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario ON L8S 4K1 Canada Department of Psychology Neuroscience and Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada

While a large number of studies have described animal social networks, we have a poor understanding of how these networks vary with ecological and social conditions. For example, reproductive periods are an important life-history stage that may involve changes in dominance relationships among individuals, yet no study to date has compared social networks of dominance interactions (i.e. dominance networks) across reproductive contexts. We first analyzed a long-term dataset on captive social groups of the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher, and found that eviction events were significantly more common around reproduction than expected by chance. Next, we compared the structure of dominance networks during early parental care and non-reproductive periods, using one of the first applications of exponential random graph models in behavioral biology. Contrary to our predictions, we found that dominance networks showed few changes between early parental care and non-reproductive periods. We found no evidence that dominance interactions became more skewed towards larger individuals, became more frequent between similar-sized individuals, or became more biased towards a particular sex during parental care. However, we did find that there were relatively more dominance interactions between opposite-sex dyads in the early parental care period, which may be a by-product of increased sexual interactions during this time. This is the first study in behavioral ecology to compare social networks using exponential random graph modeling, and demonstrates a powerful analytical framework for future studies in the field.

关键词：网络结构生殖周期协作育种环境行为生态学鲷鱼早期表现相互作用

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Dystrophic calcification and heterotopic ossification in fibrocartilaginous tissues of the spine in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis(DISH)

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Bone Research 2020年第2期8卷 209-218页

作者： Dale E.Fournier Patti K.Kiser ryan j.Beach S.jeffrey Dixon Cheryle A.Séguin Health and Rehabilitation Sciences(Physical Therapy) Faculty of Health SciencesThe University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 5B9Canada Bone and joint Institute The University of Western OntarioLondonON N6G 2V4Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryThe University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 5C1Canada Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryThe University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 5C1Canada

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis(DISH) is a prevalent noninflammatory spondyloarthropathy characterized by ectopic mineral formation along the anterolateral aspect of the vertebral column, yet little is known about its underlying pathogenesis. Our objective was to evaluate the histopathological features and composition of ectopic mineral within spinal tissues affected by DISH in humans. Thoracic spine segments from six embalmed cadaveric donors(one female and five males;median age 82 years)meeting the radiographic diagnostic criteria for DISH were evaluated using radiological, histological, and physical analyses. Overall,the histological features of ectopic mineralization at individual motion segments were heterogeneous, including regions of heterotopic ossification and dystrophic calcification. Heterotopic ossifications were characterized by woven and lamellar bone,multifocal areas of metaplastic cartilage, and bony bridges along the anterior aspect of the intervertebral disc space. Dystrophic calcifications were characterized by an amorphous appearance, a high content of calcium and phosphorus, an X-ray diffraction pattern matching that of hydroxyapatite, and radiodensities exceeding that of cortical bone. Dystrophic calcifications were found within the anterior longitudinal ligament and annulus fibrosus in motion segments both meeting and not meeting the radiographic criteria for DISH. In summary, our findings indicate that in DISH, ectopic mineral forms along the anterior aspect of the spine by both heterotopic ossification and dystrophic calcification of fibrocartilaginous tissues. Although both types of ectopic mineralization are captured by current radiographic criteria for DISH, dystrophic calcification may reflect a distinct disease process or an early stage in the pathogenesis of DISH.

关键词： DISH ossification calcification

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Metabolite profile comparisons between ascending and descending colon tissue in healthy adults

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第3期26卷 335-352页

作者： Bridget A Baxter Kristopher D Parker Michael j Nosler Sangeeta Rao Rebecca Craig Catherine Seiler Elizabeth P ryan Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsFort CollinsCO 80523United States University of Colorado Health Gastroenterology Clinic Fort CollinsCO 80524United States Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523United States Harmony Surgery Center Fort CollinsCO 80528United States Director of Clinical Operations Harmony Surgery CenterFort CollinsCO 80523United States

BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer,yet metabolic distinctions between healthy right and left colon tissue,before cancer is diagnosed,remains largely *** study compared right-ascending and left-descending colon tissue metabolomes to identify differences from the stool metabolome in normal weight,overweight,and obese *** To examine right and left colon tissue metabolites according to body mass index that may serve as mechanistic targets for interventions and biomarkers for colon cancer *** Global,non-targeted metabolomics was applied to assess right-ascending and left-descending colon tissue collected from healthy adults undergoing screening colonoscopies to test the hypothesis that BMI differentially impacts colon tissue metabolite *** colon tissue and stool metabolome of healthy adults(n=24)was analyzed for metabolite signatures and metabolic pathway networks implicated in progression of colorectal *** Ascending and descending colon contained 504 host,food,and microbiotaderived metabolites from normal weight,overweight and obese adults grouped according to body mass *** acids,lipids,and nucleotides were among the chemical types that further differentiated from the stool metabolite *** weight adults had 46 significantly different metabolites between ascending and descending colon tissue locations,whereas there were 37 metabolite differences in overweight and 28 metabolite differences for obese adults(P<0.05).Obese adults had trimethylamine N-oxide,endocannabinoids and monoacylglycerols with different relative abundances identified between ascending and descending *** and secondary bile acids,vitamins,and fatty acids also showed marked relative abundance differences in colon tissue from overweight/obese *** There were metabolite profile differences between right-ascending and leftdescending colon tissue in healthy *** lipids and other metabolites in

关键词： Colon Ascending Descending Metabolomics Obesity Stool

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Molecular regulation of sucrose catabolism and sugar transport for development~ defence and phloem function

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第5期59卷 322-335页

作者： jun Li Limin Wu ryan Foster Yong-Ling Ruan Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement and School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of NewcastleNSW 2308 Australia CSIRO Agriculture Canberra ACT 26oi Australia

Sucrose （Suc） is the major end product of photosynthesis in mesophyll cells of most vascular plants. It is loaded into phloem of mature leaves for long-distance translocation to non-photosynthetic organs where it is unloaded for diverse uses. Clearly, Suc transport and metabolism is central to plant growth and development and the functionality of the entire vascular system. Despite vast information in the literature about the physiological roles of individual sugar metabolic enzymes and transporters, there is a lack of systematic evaluation about their molecular regulation from transcriptional to post-translational levels. Knowledge on this topic is essential for understanding and improving plant development, optimizing resource distri- bution and increasing crop productivity. We therefore focused our analyses on molecular control of key players in Suc metabolism and transport, including：（i） the identifica- tion of promoter elements responsive to sugars and hormones or targeted by transcription factors and micro- RNAs degrading transcripts of target genes; and （ii） modulation of enzyme and transporter activities through protein-protein interactions and other post-translational modifications. We have highlighted major remaining questions and discussed opportunities to exploit current understanding to gain new insights into molecular control of carbon partitioning for improving plant performance.

关键词： William j. Lucas University of California Davis USA

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Thrombospondin-1 Expression in RPE and Choroidal Neovascular Membranes

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眼科学报 2006年第4期22卷 265-274页

作者： Shikun He Francesca Incardona Manlin ji Stephen j. ryan David R. Hinton Departments of Patholog Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern Cdifornia Ophthalmology Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern Cdifornia Doheny Eye Institute Los A ngeles CA

Purpose: To investigate the expression of thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVMs) from patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Tissue sections from normal human fetal and adult eyes and surgically removed CNVMs were immunostained for TSP-1 localization. Polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to analyze TSP-1 mRNA and protein from human RPE cells, respectively. TSP-1 in the supernatant of cultured RPE cells and eye explants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MTT assay was used to evaluate the RPE survival after TSP-1 treatment. Results: The strongest immunostaining for TSP-1 was observed in the RPE monolayer around drusen in early AMD. The intensity of TSP-1 staining in normal eye sections was much weaker than that of early AMD and CNVM. TSP-1 mRNA was positive in cultured fetal and adult RPE cells. There was increasing secretion of TSP-1 into the supernatant of cultured RPE and eye explants. The specific band of TSP-1 was identified by Western blot. No significant inhibition of RPE survival was found with the exposure to TSP-1. Conclusions: TSP-1 expression in drusen and CNVM was upregulated and associated with RPE monolayer. TSP-1 may be a natural negative regulator for choroidal neovascularization.

关键词： thrombospondin 1 retinal pigment epithelium choroidal neovascular membrane

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