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Long-term impact of artificial intelligence on colorectal adenoma detection in high-risk colonoscopy

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第6期16卷 335-342页

作者： Kenneth W Chow Matthew T Bell Nicholas Cumpian Maryanne Amour ryan h hsu Viktor E Eysselein Neetika Srivastava Michael W Fleischman Sofiya Reicher Department of Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States Department of Bioengineering Jacobs School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093United States Department of Gastroenterology Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States

BACKGROUND Improved adenoma detection rate(ADR)has been demonstrated with artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted ***,data on the real-world appli-cation of AI and its effect on colorectal cancer(CRC)screening outcomes is *** To analyze the long-term impact of AI on a diverse at-risk patient population undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy for positive CRC screening tests or *** AI software(GI Genius,Medtronic)was implemented into the standard proced-ure protocol in November *** was collected on patient demographics,procedure indication,polyp size,location,and *** screening outcomes were evaluated before and at different intervals after AI introduction with one year of *** We evaluated 1008 colonoscopies(278 pre-AI,255 early post-AI,285 established post-AI,and 190 late post-AI).The ADR was 38.1%pre-AI,42.0%early post-AI(P=0.77),40.0%established post-AI(P=0.44),and 39.5%late post-AI(P=0.77).There were no significant differences in polyp detection rate(PDR,baseline 59.7%),advanced ADR(baseline 16.2%),and non-neoplastic PDR(baseline 30.0%)before and after AI *** In patients with an increased pre-test probability of having an abnormal colonoscopy,the current generation of AI did not yield enhanced CRC screening metrics over high-quality *** the potential of AI in colonoscopy is undisputed,current AI technology may not universally elevate screening metrics across all situations and patient *** studies that analyze different AI systems across various patient populations are needed to determine the most effective role of AI in optimizing CRC screening in clinical practice.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Colonoscopy Adenoma detection rate Screening Colorectal adenoma

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Low-temperature selective synthesis of metastableα-MoC with electrochemical properties:Electrochemical co-reduction of CO_(2)and MoO_(3)in molten salts

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第1期35卷 310-315页

作者： Longtao Zhu Yinan Zhao Wenhao Yang hsien-Yi hsu Ping Peng Fang-Fang Li School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Energy and Environment&Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Metastable molybdenum carbide(α-MoC),as a catalyst and an excellent support for metal catalysts,has been widely used in thermo/electro-catalytic ***,the selective synthesis ofα-MoC remains a great ***,a simple one-pot synthetic strategy for the selective preparation of metastableα-MoC is proposed by electrochemical co-reduction of CO_(2)and MoO_(3)in a low-temperature eutectic molten *** synthesizedα-MoC shows a reed flower-like *** controlling the electrolysis time and monitoring the phase and morphology of the obtained products,the growth process ofα-MoC is revealed,where the carbon matrix is deposited first followed by the growth ofα-MoC from the carbon ***,by analyzing the composition of the electrolytic products,the formation mechanism forα-MoC is *** addition,through this one-pot synthetic strategy,S-dopedα-MoC is successfully *** functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that S doping enhanced the hER performance ofα-MoC by facilitating water absorption and dissociation and weakening the bond energy of Mo-h to accelerate h *** present work not only highlights the valuable utilization of CO_(2) but also offers a new perspective on the design and controllable synthesis of metal carbides and their derivatives.

关键词： α-MoC CO_(2)electroreduction Molten salt Sulfur doping hydrogen evolution reaction

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Exercised blood plasma promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in the Alzheimer's disease rat brain

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2024年第2期13卷 245-255页

作者： Cecilie Skarstad Norevik Aleksi M.huuha Ragnhild N.RФsbjФrgen Linda hildegard Bergersen Kamilla Jacobsen Rodrigo Miguel-dos-Santos Liv ryan Belma Skender Jose Bianco N.Moreira Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen Menno P.Witter Nathan Scrimgeour Atefe R.Tari Cardiac Exercise Research Group(CERG) Department of Circulation and Medical ImagingNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology St.Olavs University Hospital7030TrondheimNorway Institute of Oral Biology University of Oslo0372OsloNorway Department of Physiology Federal University of SergipeS~ao Cristov~ao49100-000SergipeBrazil Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience Centre for Neural Computationand Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical MicrocircuitsNorwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway K.G.Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease Norwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway

Background:Exercise training promotes brain plasticity and is associated with protection against cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).These beneficial effects may be partly mediated by blood-borne *** we used an in vitro model of AD to investigate effects of blood plasma from exercise-trained donors on neuronal viability,and an in vivo rat model of AD to test whether such plasma impacts cognitive function,amyloid pathology,and ***:Mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were exposed to AD-like stress using amyloid-βand treated with plasma collected from human male donors 3 h after a single bout of high-intensity *** in vivo studies,blood was collected from exercise-trained young male Wistar rats(high-intensity intervals 5 days/week for 6 weeks).Transgenic AD rats(McGill-R-Thyl-APP)were inj ected 5 times/fortnight for 6 weeks at2 months or 5 months of age with either(a)plasma from the exercise-trained rats,(b)plasma from sedentary rats,or(c)*** function,amyloid plaque pathology,and neurogenesis were *** plasma used for the treatment was analyzed for 23 ***:Plasma from exercised donors enhanced cell viability by 44.1%(p=0.032)and reduced atrophy by 50.0%(phology but did increase hippocampal neurogenesis by~3 fold,regardless of pathological stage,when compared to saline-treated *** of 7 cytokines were significantly reduced in exercised plasma compared to sedentary ***:Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that plasma from exercise-trained donors can protect neuronal cells in culture and promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the AD rat *** effect may be partly due to reduced pro-inflammatory signaling molecules in exercised plasma.

关键词： Cytokines high-intensity interval training Inflammation Neurons Plasma transfusion

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A creative method to tune Fe–O interaction in ferrites

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先进陶瓷(英文) 2023年第8期12卷 1612-1624页

作者： Farshad Farshidfar Arash Fattahi Ralf Brüning Dominic h.ryan Khashayar Ghandi Department of Chemistry University of GuelphGuelph N1G 2W1Canada Physics Department Mount Allison UniversitySackville E4L 1E6Canada Physics Department McGill UniversityMontreal H3A 2T8Canada

To be able to regulate the anionic oxygen position in ferrites,an original compositing method is developed by introducing a porous p-type phase in the n-type matrix of ferrite spinel semiconductors.A result of this method is the synergetic effect of the enhanced mass and charge transport that impacted the morphology and anionic oxygen position within the MgFe_(2)O_(4) *** hypothesis is that fine tuning of the anionic oxygen position in ferrites allows us to regulate their physicochemical properties significantly,with the implications for diverse *** electron exchange interaction(J)between O-centered and octahedral-occupying iron(Fe)-centered orbitals affected both the electrical and magnetic properties of the matrix significantly,supporting our *** three-dimensional variable range electron hopping is one such effect.

关键词： Fe_(2)O_(4) spinel structural distortion electron hopping

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Unassisted overall water splitting with a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of over 10% by coupled lead halide perovskite photoelectrodes

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Carbon Energy 2023年第1期5卷 134-143页

作者： ryan Rhee Tae G.Kim Gyu Y.Jang Gwangmin Bae Jung h.Lee Sunje Lee Sungsoon Kim Seokwoo Jeon Jong h.Park Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering KAIST Institute for The Nanocentury(KINC)Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea

hydrogen is a promising future sustainable fuel candidate with boundless *** into photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting based on a lead halide perovskite(LhP)has progressed significantly with the aim of more efficient solar hydrogen ***,we unite a well-known photo-absorbing LhP with cost-effective water-splitting catalysts,and we introduce two types of monolithic LhP-based PEC devices that act as a photocathode and a photoanode for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction,leading to efficient unbiased overall water *** the integration of these two monolithic LhP-based photoelectrodes,an unbiased solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 10.64%and a photocurrent density of 8.65 mA cm^(−2) are achieved.

关键词： perovskite photoelectrochemical cell photoelectrode unassisted

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Scalable, Green Chain Transfer Agent for Cationic RAFT Polymerizations

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第4期41卷 399-404页

作者： Scott W.Spring Chloe S.Cerione Jesse h.hsu Shelby L.Shankel Brett P.Fors Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell UniversityIthacaNew York14853 United States

Cationic polymerizations of vinyl ethers have gained recent attention due to their ability to produce robust,biorenewable *** developments have been largely enabled by the advent of cationic reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer(RAFT)polymerization;however,the scalability and sustainability of this method are hindered by current chain-transfer agents(CTAs),which exist as viscous,colored oils requiring complex syntheses and solvent-intensive ***,we produce a solid,colorless CTA through a green synthetic route in 83%yield on a 50-gram *** investigate the utility of this CTA in chemical,electrochemical,photochemical,and acid-initiated methods,revealing that it achieves efficient polymerization with excellent control over molecular weight,low dispersity values,high chain end fidelity,and temporal control in cationic RAFT polymerizations.

关键词： Vinyl ethers CTA Cationic polymerization Green RAFT

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Protein-modified SEI formation and evolution in Li metal batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第10期31卷 248-258,I0006页

作者： Chenxu Wang ryan Odstrcil Jin Liu Wei-hong Zhong School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

Despite numerous reported lithium metal batteries(LMBs) with excellent cycling performance achieved in labs, transferring the high performing LMBs from lab-scale to industrial-production remains challenging. Therefore, via imitating the stand-still process in battery production, a conventional but important procedure, to investigate the formation and evolution of a solid electrolyte interface(SEI) is particularly important for LMBs. Our previous studies indicate that zein(corn protein)-modified carbonate-ester electrolyte(the most commercialized) effectively improves the performance of LMBs through guiding Li-ions and repairing cracked SEI. herein, we investigate the formation and evolution of the protein-modified SEIs on Li anodes by imitating the stand-still temperature and duration. A simulation study on the protein denaturation in the electrolyte under different temperatures demonstrates a highly unfolded configuration at elevated temperatures. The experiments show that this heat-treated-zein(h-zein) modified SEI forms quickly and becomes stable after a stand-still process of less than 100 min. Moreover, the hzein SEI exhibits excellent wetting behavior with the electrolyte due to the highly unfolded protein structures with more functional groups exposed. The Li|Li cell with the h-zein SEI achieves prolonged cycling performance(>360 h vs. ~260 h of the cell with the untreated-zein(U-zein) modified SEI). The Li Fe PO_(4)|Li cell with the h-zein SEI shows much stable long-term cycling performance of capacity retention(70% vs.42% of the cell with U-zein SEI) after 200 cycles. This study confirms that the appropriately treated protein is able to effectively improve the performance of LMBs, and will inspire future studies for the production process of LMBs toward their commercialization.

关键词： Protein Zein Lithium metal Stand-still Battery SEI

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A cadaveric model for transesophageal echocardiography transducer placement training: A pilot study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第1期13卷 18-22页

作者： ryan W.horton Kian R.Niknam Viveta Lobo Kathryn h.Pade Drew Jones Kenton L.Anderson Department of Emergency Medicine Stanford University School of MedicinePalo Alto 94304USA Emergency Medicine Residency Program University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustin 78756USA University of California San Francisco School of Medicine San Francisco 94143USA Department of Emergency Medicine Rady Children’s HospitalSan Diego 92123USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Central Florida/HCA Ocala RegionalOcala 34471USA

BACKGROUND: Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) is used in the emergency department to guide resuscitation during cardiac arrest. Insertion of a TEE transducer requires manual skill and experience, yet in some residency programs cardiac arrest is uncommon, so some physicians may lack the means to acquire the manual skills to perform TEE in clinical practice. For other infrequently performed procedural skills, simulation models are used. however, there is currently no model that adequately simulates TEE transducer insertion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of using a cadaveric model to teach TEE transducer placement among novice ***: A convenience sample of emergency medicine residents was enrolled during a procedure education session using cadavers as tissue models. A pre-session assessment was used to determine prior knowledge and confidence regarding TEE manipulation. Participants subsequently attended a didactic and hands-on education session on TEE placement. All participants practised placing the TEE transducer until they were able to pass a standardized assessment of technical skill(SATS). After the educational session, participants completed a post-session assessment. RESULTS: Twenty-five residents participated in the training session. Mean assessment of knowledge improved from 6.2/10 to 8.7/10(95% confidence interval [CI] of knowledge difference 1.6–3.2, Phere was no relationship between training level and the delta in knowledge or ***: In this pilot study, the use of a cadaveric model to teach TEE transducer placement methods among novice users is feasible and improves both TEE manipulation knowledge and confidence levels.

关键词： Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Echocardiography Education Simulation

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First-principles Study on Equilibrium Sn Isotope Fractionations in hydrothermal Fluids

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第6期96卷 2125-2134页

作者： SUN Mingguang ryan MAThUR ChEN Yanjing YUAN Shunda WANG Jiaxin MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China MOE Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Geology Juniata CollegeHuntingdonPA 16652USA

Tin(Sn)isotope geochemistry has great potential in tracing geological ***,lack of equilibrium Sn isotope fractionation factors of various Sn species limits the development of Sn isotope *** Sn isotope fractionation factors(124Sn/116Sn and 122Sn/116Sn)among various Sn(II,IV)complexes in aqueous solution were calculated using first-principles *** results show that the oxidation states and the change of Sn(II,IV)species in hydrothermal fluids are the main factors leading to tin isotope fractionation in hydrothermal *** the Sn(IV)complexes,Sn isotope fractionation factors depend on the number of h2O *** the Sn(II)complexes,the Sn isotope fractionation between Sn(II)−F,Sn(II)−Cl and Sn(II)−Oh complexes is mainly affected by the bond length and the coordination number of anion,whereas the difference in 1000lnβvalues of Sn(II)−SO4 and Sn(II)−CO_(3) complexes is insignificant with the change of anion coordination *** comparing the 1000lnβvalues of all Sn(II,IV)complexes,the enrichment trend in heavy Sn isotopes is Sn(IV)complexes>Sn(II)*** equilibrium Sn isotopic fractionation factors enhance our understanding of the tin transportation and enrichment processes in hydrothermal systems.

关键词： Sn isotope isotope fractionation first principles tin species

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A review of pain outcomes following targeted muscle reinnervation in lower extremity limb pain

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 65-76页

作者： Elliot L.h.Le Mark A.Greyson ryan S.Constantine Matthew L.Iorio Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CenterAuroraCO 80045USA

Approximately 75%experience phantom(PLP),residual(RLP),or general(GLP)limb pain following lower extremity *** muscle reinnervation(TMR)is a peripheral nerve transfer that reroutes amputated nerves to motor endplates that can prevent or treat limb *** systematic review summarizes pain outcomes following primary and secondary treatment of lower extremity PLP,RLP,and *** literature review of three databases-PubMed,EMBASE,MEDLINE-were used for all articles related to TMR and lower extremity limb pain,querying the same keywords:“targeted muscle reinnervation”AND“pain”.Citations were then reviewed and eliminated if only upper extremities were studied or the study lacked pain *** were categorized as primary or secondary *** outcomes,including Numerical Rating Scales(NRS)and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System(PROMIS)Pain scores,were aggregated when *** studies met all inclusion and exclusion criteria after formal review for a total of 431 extremities,of which 79.1%(n=341 limbs)were lower *** primary TMR PROMIS scores for PLP and RLP were lower than amputees without primary *** NRS scores and PROMIS Pain scores in secondary TMR demonstrated improvements in PLP,RLP,and *** and Secondary TMR does prevent and improve PLP,RLP,and GLP;however,a minority of studies report quantifiable pain *** future TMR studies should include validated pain outcomes to better quantify the expected pain and quality of life improvements after lower extremity TMR.

关键词： Lower extremity amputation phantom limb pain residual limb pain targeted muscle reinnervation nerve transfer

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