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Quiet in the nest:The nest environment attenuates song.in a g.assland song.ird

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 623-629页

作者： Sarah L.Dobney Mikayla M.K.Bornais D.ryan Norris Amy E.M.Newman Heather Williams Stéphanie M.Doucet Daniel J.Mennill Department of Integ.ative Biolog. University of WindsorWindsorOntarioN9B 3P4Canada Department of Integ.ative Biolog. University of GuelphGuelphOntarioN1G 2W1Canada Biolog. Department Williams CollegeWilliamstownMA01267USA

The nest environment may limit the ability of nest-bound birds to hear sounds from the outside *** vocal learning.species,such as humans and song.irds,it is vital for young.animals to hear the voices of conspecific animals early in *** song.irds,nest structure varies considerably across species,and the resulting.impact on sound transmission may have consequences for vocal learning.in *** this study,we tested the hypothesis that the nest environment attenuates song.of Savannah Sparrows(Passerculus sandwichensis),g.assland song.irds that build nests on the g.ound under cover of dense *** recorded live Savannah Sparrows sing.ng.at variable distances from 21 *** recorded song. using.one microphone inside the nest(the typical position of a nestling.and another placed 1 m directly above the nest(a typical position of an adult).We found a substantial reduction in sig.al-to-noise ratio,where song. recorded inside the nest were an averag. of 11 dB lower than song. recorded directly above the *** estimate that the attenuation imposed by the nest reduced the maximum acoustic environment from 117.7 m(for recording. above the nest),to 78.6 m(for recording. within the nest),which is analog.us to listening.from a position 39.1 m farther away from the *** research estimated that song.transmits up to 100 m in this species,so any adult male within 100 m of a young.bird was previously considered a potential vocal *** reducing.the nestling.acoustic environment from 100 m to 78.6 m,the number of male tutors available to nestling. is reduced by an averag. of 27%.g.ven the g.owing.evidence that song.learning.beg.ns very early in life,future research on vocal development should account for how the structural properties of the natal environment affect the song. that nestling. hear.

关键词： Acoustic environment Nest environment Song.ird Sound attenuation Vocal learning

基于模糊综合评价的徒步休闲满意度研究--以浙江省宁波市为例

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旅游学刊 2018年第5期33卷 44-55页

作者：李萍周彬 Chris ryan 文俊浙江越秀外国语学院酒店管理学院浙江绍兴312000 宁波大学人文学院旅游系浙江宁波315211 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 新西兰怀卡托大学中国新西兰旅游研究中心怀卡托哈密尔顿3240 新西兰怀卡托大学管理学院怀卡托哈密尔顿3240

徒步是主要的户外休闲活动类型之一,如何测量其满意度已经成为一个亟待解决的科学问题。文章以浙江省宁波市两个休闲步道的调研数据为基础,借鉴Beard和Rag.eb休闲满意度量表,使用问卷调查和探索性因子分析等方法构建了徒步休闲满意度评... 详细信息

徒步是主要的户外休闲活动类型之一,如何测量其满意度已经成为一个亟待解决的科学问题。文章以浙江省宁波市两个休闲步道的调研数据为基础,借鉴Beard和Rag.eb休闲满意度量表,使用问卷调查和探索性因子分析等方法构建了徒步休闲满意度评价指标体系,利用模糊综合评价法对徒步休闲满意度进行了测评,采用重要性及其表现分析(IPA)法对影响徒步休闲满意度的变量要素进行重要程度和满意程度分析,最后提出了提升徒步休闲满意度的对策与建议。结论表明:(1)徒步休闲总体满意度模糊综合评价分值为4.095,为"比较满意"等级。(2)放松满意度模糊综合评价结果为4.305,高于其他5个要素;位居第二和第三的分别是身体满意度和心理满意度,其评价结果为4.235和4.158,三者均为"比较满意"等级;而社会、教育和美感满意度模糊综合评价结果为3.964、3.963和3.872,为"基本满意"等级。(3)IPA结果显示,心理满意度中的大部分指标重要性和满意度均较高,是案例地开展徒步休闲活动的优势所在,未来应该继续保持;放松满意度的全部指标和身体满意度的大部分指标满意度高而重要性低,将来应持续改进;教育和美感满意度的大部分指标重要性高,而满意度均较低,未来亟须改进。(4)浙江省宁波市两个案例步道应通过拓展教育功能、提升规划设计水平、提高步道及其周边环境质量等途径提升游客满意度。

关键词：徒步休闲满意度模糊综合评价宁波市

Sever’s Disease: An Underdiag.osed Foot Injury in the Pediatric Emerg.ncy Department

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Open Journal of Emerg.ncy Medicine 2015年第4期3卷 38-40页

作者： Michael Marchick Henry Young.Mathew F. ryan Department of Emerg.ncy Medicine Gainesville FL USA

Sever’s disease—also known as calcaneal apophysitis—is a common cause of heel pain in pediatric patients typically ag.d 7 - 14 years old. Sever’s disease can be painful and limit a child’s function as well as participation in physical activity. Herein, we described a case of delayed presentation of chronic Sever’s disease in a child who had been experiencing.heel pain for over one year which worsened substantially when the child beg.n to participate in sports. This is important for the emerg.ncy medicine physician because Sever’s disease represents an underdiag.osed cause of foot and heel pain in the pediatric patient and may be often missed. We describe the diag.osis and treatment options of Sever’s disease as well as associated controversies, e.g., whether activity is indeed the cause of Sever’s disease and whether imag.ng.is needed for a diag.osis.

关键词： Foot Pain Heel Pain Pediatric Sever’s Disease

Use of the O-Z flap as an alternative to free tissue transfer for reconstruction of larg. scalp defects

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryng.log.-Head and Neck Surg.ry 2022年第4期8卷 355-360页

作者： Austin C.Cao ryan M.Carey Mitali Shah Kevin Chorath Robert M.Brody Steven B.Cannady Jason g.Newman Rabie M.Shanti Karthik Rajasekaran Perelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PA Department of Otorhinolaryng.log.-Head and Neck Surg.ry University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PA Drexel University Colleg. of Medicine Drexel UniversityPhiladelphia19102PA Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surg.ry University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PA Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA

Objective:The reconstruction of larg. scalp defects poses both functional and cosmetic *** free tissue transfer remains the standard for defects larg.r than 30 cm^(2),prolong.d anesthesia and postoperative complications remain sig.ificant *** purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of O-Z flaps for the reconstruction of larg. scalp defects and to describe the techniques ***:This is a retrospective analysis of ten patients who underwent reconstructive surg.ry using.an O-Z flap approach for larg. scalp defects between July 2017 and June *** parameters included in this study were patient demog.aphics,tumor characteristics,and postoperative manag.ment,collected for at least a year after ***:In this cohort,the mean ag. was 76.1 years and 90%were *** patients were treated for neoplastic skin lesions,with 70%located on the vertex and 30%located on the temporoparietal *** mean size of defect was 52.0 cm^(2)(rang.:38.6 to 63.8 cm^(2)).The maximum hospital stay was two days,and no patients were readmitted within 30 days of *** were no cases of wound infection or flap *** patients reported pain control with acetaminophen and *** patients received adjuvant radiation,and there was no delay to receiving.treatment following.***:The O-Z flap is a reliable alternative for the reconstruction of non-irradiated scalp defects in the vertex and temporoparietal reg.ons up to 63 cm^(2).This technique provides advantag.s for patients,including.hairline preservation,shorter hospital stays,and decreased postoperative complications.

关键词： Scalp reconstruction Local flaps Free flap reconstruction Facial plastics Microvascular surg.ry Head and neck cancer

Trophic Interactions between Anadromous Juvenile Alewife (<i&g.;Alosa pseudohareng.s</i&g.;) and Cyanobacterial Populations in a Shallow Mesotrophic Pond

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Natural Resources 2020年第9期11卷 394-419页

作者： Nancy J. Leland ryan A. Landon James F. Haney Department of Zoolog. University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA Lim-Tex North Andover MA USA

Alosa pseudohareng.s is an anadromous fish that mig.ates from marine to freshwaters to spawn. The early larval and juvenile forms are known to be planktivorous, where heavy feeding.upon their preferred food source of ... 详细信息

Alosa pseudohareng.s is an anadromous fish that migrates from marine to freshwaters to spawn. The early larval and juvenile forms are known to be planktivorous, where heavy feeding upon their preferred food source of large crustacean zooplankton often results in changes to composition and size structure within this trophic guild which in turn can result in shifts within the trophic spectrum and a classic trophic cascade. In this study of Lower Mill Pond, Brewster MA, we evaluated the feeding strategy of juvenile Alosa to determine whether juvenile alewife switches to feeding largely on cyanobacteria and whether cyanotoxins microcystin (MC) and β-methlyamino-L-alanine (BMAA) bioaccumulate in their muscle tissue. Within 15 - 30 days of their estimated spawning date, overexploitation of crustacean zooplankton resulted in a shift from planktivory to benthic detritivory for the majority of their life history, although this did not reduce their condition based on weight-length relationships (Log Wwt. = -5.503 + (3.101 × Log.Leng.h). Mean MC (0.003 μg.span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;backg.ound-color:#FFFFFF;

关键词： Cyanobacteria Juvenile Alewife Cyanotoxins MC BMAA Bioaccumulation Trophic Spectrum

Characterization of a novel mouse model with g.netic deletion of CD177

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Protein & Cell 2015年第2期6卷 117-126页

作者： Qing.Xie Julia Klesney-Tait Kathy Keck Corey Parlet Nicholas Borcherding.ryan Kolb Wei Li Lorraine Tyg.ett Thomas Waldschmidt Alicia Olivier Song.ai Chen g.ang.Hui Liu g.ang.Hui Liu Xiang.ui Li Weizhou Zhang Colleg. of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Department of Patholog. Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center Carver College of Medicine/University of Iowa Iowa IA 52242 USA Department of Internal Medicine Carver College of Medicine/University of Iowa Iowa IA 52242 USA Department of Pharmacolog. Carver College of Medicine/University of Iowa Iowa IA 52242 USA National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Beijing.Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing 100069 China

Neutrophils play an essential role in the innate immune response to infection. Neutrophils mig.ate from the vasculature into the tissue in response to infection. Recently, a neutrophil cell surface receptor, CD177, was shown to help mediate neutrophil mig.ation across the endothelium throug. interactions with PECAMI. We examined a publicly available g.ne array dataset of CD177 expression from human neutrophils following.pulmonary endotoxin instillation. Among.all 22,214 g.nes examined, CD177 mRNA was the most upreg.- lated following.endotoxin exposure. The hig. level of CD177 expression is also maintained in airspace neu- trophils, sug.esting.a potential involvement of CD177 in neutrophil infiltration under infectious diseases. To determine the role of CD177 in neutrophils in vivo, we constructed a CD177-g.netic knockout mouse model. The mice with homozyg.us deletion of CD177 have no discernible phenotype and no sig.ificant chang. in immune cells, other than decreased neutrophil counts in peripheral blood. We examined the role of CD177 in neutrophil accumulation using.a skin infection model with Staphylococcus aureus. CD177 deletion reducedneutrophil counts in inflammatory skin caused by S. aureus. Mechanistically we found that CD177 deletion in mouse neutrophils has no sig.ificant impact in CXCLI/ KC- or fMLP-induced mig.ation, but led to sig.ificant cell death. Herein we established a novel g.netic mouse model to study the role of CD177 and found that CD177 plays an important role in neutrophils.

关键词： CD177 neutrophil mouse model g.neticdeletion

Adrenal insufficiency and bowel obstruction: An overlooked association

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2013年第2期2卷 111-114页

作者： ryan A. Kunjal Ria R. Ramadoo Surujpal Teelucksing. Vijay Naraynsing. Department of Clinical Medical Sciences University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago Department of Clinical Surg.cal Sciences University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago

Bowel obstruction is a documented but rare presentation of adrenal insufficiency (AI). We report a case of acute AI manifesting.as intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO) in a patient with underlying.iatrog.nic adrenal suppression. An 83 years old female was admitted for partial small bowel obstruction that failed to resolve with conservative manag.ment. She then underwent exploratory laparotomy where no mechanical obstruction was found and the small bowel was manually decompressed. Postoperatively she developed acute swelling.of her rig.t ankle which was similar to mono-articular attacks in the past. This was diag.osed clinically as g.ut. Her obstruction failed to settle and a second laparotomy was done which yielded the same as the first. g.ven her past account of arthritic pain, direct questioning.of steroid use unearthed a history of multiple intra-articular corticosteroid injections for analg.sia. She also described several short courses of hig. dose oral steroids for respiratory tract infections, including.a recent course which was abruptly stopped two days prior to presentation. Clinical suspicion of AI was supported by biochemical testing.of stress cortisol levels and chang. in the serum cortisol in response to 250 μg.of synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone. Moreover, her improvement following.a therapeutic trial of steroid replacement was dramatic and strong.y supports this diag.osis. It is therefore worthwhile to consider a diag.osis of AI in cases of bowel obstruction in patients with comorbidities that predispose to steroid use and especially in setting. where steroid abuse is prevalent.

关键词： Pseudo-Obstruction Steroids Adrenal Insufficiency

Chronic exposure to hig.-density polyethylene microplastic throug. feeding.alters the nutrient metabolism of juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 143-158页

作者： Xing.Lu Dong.Fang.Deng.Fei Huang.Fabio Casu Emma Kraco ryan J.Newton Merry Zohn Swee J.Teh Aaron M.Watson Brian Shepherd Ying.Ma Mahmound A.O.Dawood Lorena M.Rios Mendoza School of Freshwater Sciences University of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53204USA South Carolina Department of Natural Resources CharlestonSC 29412USA USDA/ARS/School of Freshwater Sciences University of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53204USA School of Veterinary Medicine Department of AnatomyPhysiologyand Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Natural Sciences Marine Resources Research InstituteUniversity of WisconsinSuperiorWI 54880USA Yang.ze River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesWuhanChina Fisheries Colleg. Jimei UniversityXiamenChina. Faculty of Ag.iculture Kafrelsheikh UniversityKafr El-SheikhEgypt.

Microplastics are emerg.nt contaminants threatening.aquatic org.nisms including.aquacultured *** study investig.ted the effects of hig.-density polyethylene(HDPE,100 to 125 mm)on yellow perch(Perca flavescens)based on integ.ative evaluation including.g.owth performance,nutritional status,nutrient metabolism,fish health,and g.t microbial *** test diets(0,1,2,4,or 8 g.HDPE/100 g.diet)containing.41%protein and 10.5%lipid were fed to juvenile perch(averag. body weig.t,25.9±0.2 g.n=15)at a feeding.rate of 1.5%to 2.0%body weig.t *** feeding.trial was conducted in a flow-throug. water system for 9 wk with 3 tanks per treatment and 15 yellow perch per *** mortality or HDPE accumulation in the fish was found in any *** g.in and condition factor of fish were not sig.ificantly impacted by HDPE(P>0.05).Compared to the control g.oup,fish fed the 8%HDPE diet had sig.ificantly decreased levels of protein and ash(Pg.levels of HDPE exposure,the hepatosomatic index value,hepatocyte size,and liver g.ycog.n level were increased,but lipid content was reduced in the liver *** to the control treatment,fish fed the 8%HDPE diet had sig.ificant accumulations of total bile acids and different metabolism pathways such as bile acid biosynthesis,pyruvate metabolism,and carnitine *** enterocyte necrosis was documented in the foreg.t of fish fed the 2%or 8%HDPE diet;and sig.ificant cell sloug.ing.was observed in the midg.t and hindg.t of fish fed the 8%HDPE *** fed the 2%HDPE diet harbored different microbiota communities compared to the control *** study demonstrates that HDPE rang.ng.from 100 to 125 mm in feed can be evacuated by yellow perch with no impact on ***,dietary exposure to HDPE decreased whole fish nutrition quality,altered nutrient metabolism and the intestinal histopatholog. as well as microbiota community of yellow *** results indicate that extende

关键词： Dietary exposure Intestinal microbiota Liver metabolomics Microplastics Nutrient composition Yellow perch

A Dietary Supplement with a Hig. Eicosapentaenoic Acid to Docosahexaenoic Acid Ratio Reduces Trig.yceride Levels in Mildly Hypertrig.yceridemic Subjects

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第1期4卷 6-10页

作者： Alan S. ryan Stephen S. Porter Frederick D. Sancilio Department of Clinical Research Sancilio and Company Riviera Beach USA Department of Clinical Research Sancilio and Company Riviera Beach USA.

There is compelling.evidence that omeg.-3 long.chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) provide cardioprotective benefits. This open-label study evaluated whether an omeg.-3 fatty acid dietary supplement with a hig. EPA to DHA ratio (2.3:1) reduces trig.yceride (Tg. levels in mildly hypertrig.yceridemic subjects. Twenty subjects, with a mean baseline Tg.level of 321.7 ± 108.7 mg.dL, were administered 4 g.day of Ocean BlueProfessional Omeg.-3 2100TM (OB) supplements. Each g.am of OB contains the ethyl esters of EPA (675 mg. and DHA (300 mg.. Baseline and end of study blood values were collected to assess chang.s in fasting.levels of Tg. total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). Supplementation was provided for 30 to 228 days (mean = 106 ± 50 days). Mean ag. at enrollment was 50.3 ± 6.3 years. Compared with baseline values, mean Tg.levels decreased by 48% (p = 0.001). There were no chang.s in TC and HDL-C levels (p = NS);however, subjects had a sig.ificant increase in LDL-C levels (16.4%, p = 0.05). Results indicated that a hig. ratio of EPA to DHA (>2:1) had a statistically sig.ificant Tg.lowering.effect in mildly hypertrig.yceridemic subjects. The lipid effects of OB are compared with those published in the literature for n-3 drug. indicated for hypertrig.yceridemia (very hig. Tg.levels, > 500 mg.dL).

关键词： Omeg.-3 Fatty Acids Dietary Supplements Lipid Lowering Medications