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Solid-State Metal Additive Manufacturing for Structural Repair

Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第9期2卷 780-792页

作者： ryan b.gottwald R.Joey Griffiths Dylan T.Petersen Mackenzie E.J.Perry Hang Z.Yu Department of Materials Science and Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginia 24061United States

CONSPECTUS:Structural metal components play a vital role in a broad range of industries,from aerospace and automotive to infrastructure and *** service,these components can experience substantial wear,thermal fatigue,erosion,corrosion,or chemical reactions,resulting in significant surface or even volumetric *** of these components is often energy-intensive and economically *** repair,which aims to restore the original geometry while enabling good mechanical performance postrepair,can offset the costs *** on the additive capabilities and bonding mechanisms,structural repair technologies can be divided into four categories:nonadditive,nonmelting-based;nonadditive,melting-based;additive,nonmelting-based;additive,*** melting-based approaches can be applied to various repair geometries with good precision,the underlying melting and solidification processes inevitably lead to crucial problems impacting the mechanical performance,such as solidification porosity,high residual stresses,dendritic microstructure formation,elemental segregation,hot cracking,and stress corrosion *** fundamentally solve or minimize these problems,one may employ solid-state technologies that leverage ultrasonic vibration,friction stirring,or particle impact to facilitate metallurgical bond *** robust geometry restoration,an additive capability needs to be incorporated for continuous material feeding and precise deposition path ***,two solid-state technologies satisfy the requirement,cold spray and additive friction stir *** this Account,we discuss the structural repair enabled by solid-state metal additive manufacturing,focusing on(i)cold spray,which is a relatively established process,and(ii)additive friction stir deposition,which is an emerging process recently triggering significant research effortsthe authors are particularly invested in this process and are pioneering th

关键词： friction solidification corrosion

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Interleukin-10 suppresses lipid metabolism-mediated intestinal inflammation

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Life Metabolism 2024年第3期3卷 3-5页

作者： Tristram A.J.ryan Ivan Zanoni Division of Immunology and Division of Gastroenterology Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States

In a recent paper published in Nature,York et *** that the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)-10 regulates sphingolipid metabolism to limit NF-κb-mediated *** of Il10 in mice,or genetic mutation of IL10 in humans,predisposes to inflammatory bowel disease,which may be overcome by restoring homeostatic sphingolipid metabolism.

关键词： metabolism inflammation al.

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Machine learning for predicting the outcome of terminal ballistics events

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 14-26页

作者： Shannon ryan Neeraj Mohan Sushma Arun Kumar AV Julian berk Tahrima Hashem Santu Rana Svetha Venkatesh Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute(A2I2) Deakin University75 Pigdons RdWaurn PondsVIC3216Australia

Machine learning(ML) is well suited for the prediction of high-complexity,high-dimensional problems such as those encountered in terminal *** evaluate the performance of four popular ML-based regression models,extreme gradient boosting(XGboost),artificial neural network(ANN),support vector regression(SVR),and Gaussian process regression(GP),on two common terminal ballistics’ problems:(a)predicting the V50ballistic limit of monolithic metallic armour impacted by small and medium calibre projectiles and fragments,and(b) predicting the depth to which a projectile will penetrate a target of semi-infinite *** achieve this we utilise two datasets,each consisting of approximately 1000samples,collated from public release *** demonstrate that all four model types provide similarly excellent agreement when interpolating within the training data and diverge when extrapolating outside this *** extrapolation is not advisable for ML-based regression models,for applications such as lethality/survivability analysis,such capability is *** circumvent this,we implement expert knowledge and physics-based models via enforced monotonicity,as a Gaussian prior mean,and through a modified loss *** physics-informed models demonstrate improved performance over both classical physics-based models and the basic ML regression models,providing an ability to accurately fit experimental data when it is available and then revert to the physics-based model when *** resulting models demonstrate high levels of predictive accuracy over a very wide range of projectile types,target materials and thicknesses,and impact conditions significantly more diverse than that achievable from any existing analytical *** with numerical analysis tools such as finite element solvers the ML models run orders of magnitude *** provide some general guidelines throughout for the development,application,and reporting of ML models in terminal ballist

关键词： Machine learning Artificial intelligence Physics-informed machine learning Terminal ballistics Armour

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Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja M.Maldonado Luna Natalia Castillo ryan Potter Jacob P.Rose Joanna bons Christina D.King Jordan b.burton birgit Schilling Simon Melov Simon Tang Eric Schaible Tamara Alliston Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality,independent of bone mass,are unknown but are thought to be primarily determined by *** hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling(PLR),which maintains bone material *** examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses *** control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβsignaling and PLR,but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship impacted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical *** effects of age on bone mass,density,and mineral material behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain primarily integrity

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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： ryan McClory Richard H.Ellis Martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.Hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob MacKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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Screen-printed graphite electrode on polyvinyl chloride and parchment strips integrated with genetic programming for in situ nitrate sensing of aquaponic pond water

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第2期11卷 187-201页

作者： Ronnie ConcepcionⅡ bernardo Duarte Maria Gemel Palconit Jonah Jahara baunArgel bandala ryan Rhay Vicerra Elmer Dadios Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Management De La Salle UniversityManila 1004 Philippines MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre.&ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de LisboaCampo Grande1749-016 LisboaPortugal Departamento de biologia Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande 1749-016 LisboaPortugal Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering De La Salle UniversityManila 1004 Philppines

Nitrate is the primary water-soluble macronutrient essential for plant growth that is converted from excess fish feeds,fish effluents,and degrading biomaterials on the aquaponic pond floor,and when aquacultural malpractices occur,large amounts of it retain in the water system causing increase rate in eutrophication and toxifies fish and aquaculture *** nitrate sensor prototypes still require performing the additional steps of water sample deionization and dilution and were constructed with expensive *** response to the challenge of sensor enhancement and aquaponic water quality monitoring,this study developed sensitive,repeatable,and reproducible screen-printed graphite electrodes on polyvinyl chloride and parchment paper substrates with silver as electrode material and 60:40 graphite powder:nail polish formulated conductive ink for electrical traces,integrated with 9-gene genetic expression model as a function of peak anodic current and electrochemical test time for nitrate concentration prediction that is embedded into low-power Arduino ESP32 for in situ nitrate sensing in aquaponic pond *** SPE electrical traces were designed on the two types of *** electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray confirmed the electrode surface *** cyclic voltammetry using 10 to 100 mg/L KNO3 and water from three-depth regions of the actual pond established the electrochemical test time(10.5 s)and electrode potential(0.135 V)protocol necessary to produce peak current that corresponds to the strength of nitrate ions during *** findings from in situ testing revealed that the proposed sensors have strong linear predictions(R2=0.968 MSE=1.659 for nSPEv and R2=0.966 MSE=4.697 for nSPEp)in the range of 10 to 100 mg/L and best detection limit of 3.15μg/L,which are comparable to other sensors of more complex *** developed three-electrode electrochemical nitrate sensor confirms that it is reliable for bot

关键词： Aquaponic water quality Electrochemical technology Genetic programming Graphite electrode Nitrate sensor Precision agriculture Printed electronics Scanning electron microscopy Screen-printed electrode Voltammetry

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Decision-Making and Management of Self-Care in Persons with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: A Preliminary Study

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Journal of behavioral and brain Science 2024年第2期14卷 47-63页

作者： Paul E. Plonski Jasmin Vassileva ryan Shahidi Paul b. Perrin William Carter Lance L. Goetz Amber brochetti James M. bjork Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center Richmond VA USA Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Spinal Cord Injury Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland OH USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA

Patients and physicians understand the importance of self-care following spinal cord injury (SCI), yet many individuals with SCI do not adhere to recommended self-care activities despite logistical supports. Neurobehavioral determinants of SCI self-care behavior, such as impulsivity, are not widely studied, yet understanding them could inform efforts to improve SCI self-care. We explored associations between impulsivity and self-care in an observational study of 35 US adults age 18 - 50 who had traumatic SCI with paraplegia at least six months before assessment. The primary outcome measure was self-reported self-care. In LASSO regression models that included all neurobehavioral measures and demographics as predictors of self-care, dispositional measures of greater impulsivity (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance), and reduced mindfulness were associated with reduced self-care. Outcome (magnitude) sensitivity, a latent decision-making parameter derived from computationally modeling successive choices in a gambling task, was also associated with self-care behavior. These results are preliminary;more research is needed to demonstrate the utility of these findings in clinical settings. Information about associations between impulsivity and poor self-care in people with SCI could guide the development of interventions to improve SCI self-care and help patients with elevated risks related to self-care and secondary health conditions.

关键词： Spinal Cord Injury Self-Care Decision-Making Paraplegia Impulsive behavior Health Care

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Exercised blood plasma promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in the Alzheimer's disease rat brain

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 245-255页

作者： Cecilie Skarstad Norevik Aleksi M.Huuha Ragnhild N.RФsbjФrgen Linda Hildegard bergersen Kamilla Jacobsen Rodrigo Miguel-dos-Santos Liv ryan belma Skender Jose bianco N.Moreira Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen Menno P.Witter Nathan Scrimgeour Atefe R.Tari Cardiac Exercise Research Group(CERG) Department of Circulation and Medical ImagingNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology St.Olavs University Hospital7030TrondheimNorway Institute of Oral biology University of Oslo0372OsloNorway Department of Physiology Federal University of SergipeS~ao Cristov~ao49100-000SergipeBrazil Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience Centre for Neural Computationand Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical MicrocircuitsNorwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway K.G.Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease Norwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway

background:Exercise training promotes brain plasticity and is associated with protection against cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).These beneficial effects may be partly mediated by blood-borne *** we used an in vitro model of AD to investigate effects of blood plasma from exercise-trained donors on neuronal viability,and an in vivo rat model of AD to test whether such plasma impacts cognitive function,amyloid pathology,and ***:Mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were exposed to AD-like stress using amyloid-βand treated with plasma collected from human male donors 3 h after a single bout of high-intensity *** in vivo studies,blood was collected from exercise-trained young male Wistar rats(high-intensity intervals 5 days/week for 6 weeks).Transgenic AD rats(McGill-R-Thyl-APP)were inj ected 5 times/fortnight for 6 weeks at2 months or 5 months of age with either(a)plasma from the exercise-trained rats,(b)plasma from sedentary rats,or(c)*** function,amyloid plaque pathology,and neurogenesis were *** plasma used for the treatment was analyzed for 23 ***:Plasma from exercised donors enhanced cell viability by 44.1%(p=0.032)and reduced atrophy by 50.0%(pbut did increase hippocampal neurogenesis by~3 fold,regardless of pathological stage,when compared to saline-treated *** of 7 cytokines were significantly reduced in exercised plasma compared to sedentary ***:Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that plasma from exercise-trained donors can protect neuronal cells in culture and promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the AD rat *** effect may be partly due to reduced pro-inflammatory signaling molecules in exercised plasma.

关键词： Cytokines High-intensity interval training Inflammation Neurons Plasma transfusion

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The impact of attractants on pocket gopher trapping

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 472-478页

作者： Roger A. bALDWIN ryan MEINERZ Steve b. ORLOFF Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California-Davis Davis CA 95616 USA University of California Cooperative Extension 1655 South Main Street Yreka CA 96097 USA

Pocket gophers （Geomyidae） have an extensive impact on both natural and agricultural systems. Trapping is a tech- nique often used to sample and manage these populations. The identification of an attractant that increases capture rates of pocket gophers would greatly assist researchers and pest management professionals alike. Therefore, we tested the attractiveness of four attractants （peanut butter, anise, grapefruit attractant, and carrot） plus a control （no attractant） using uncovered and covered trap sets to determine what impact they have on visitation and capture rates of pocket gophers. We also determined how the impact of cover status and attractants differ across varying weights and gender of pocket gophers. We found no direct effect of any attracrant on visitation and capture rates of pocket gophers, nor on the gender of captured individuals. However, when no attractant was used, the mtmber of pocket gophers captured per 100 trap nights was greater when trap sets were uncovered vs. when covered, and capture rates were generally high and consistent when using peanut butter as an attractant. Additionally, we noted that covered trap sets that were baited with peanut butter yielded heavier pocket gopher captures than uncovered trap sets using this same attractant. This is key, given the difficulty associated with capturing older, more experienced individuals. Combined with data from a previous investigation, this suggests that there is no advantage to using any attractant when utilizing uncovered trap sets, but there is likely some benefit to using peanut butter in covered trap sets [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 472-478, 2014].

关键词： Attractant Demographics Pocket gopher Thomomys bottae Thomomys talpoides Trapping

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Anterior segment optical coherence tomography-guided transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy for scarring of the central cornea following pterygium excision

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第3期13卷 503-508页

作者： Sloan W.Rush ryan b.Rush Panhandle Eye Group AmarilloTX 79106USA Texas Tech University Health Science Center AmarilloTX 79106USA Southwest Retina Specialists AmarilloTX 79106USA

AIM:To report the outcomes of patients undergoing anterior segment optical coherence tomography-guided transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy(ASOCT T-PTK)for central corneal scarring after pterygium ***:The charts of 11 eyes of 10 patients that underwent ASOCT T-PTK following excision of visual axisinvolving pterygia were retrospectively reviewed from a single private practice *** visual outcomes and corneal topographic findings were evaluated 4±1 mo after pterygium excision and 6±2 mo after transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy(T-PTK).RESULTS:All 11 eyes tolerated both the pterygium excision and T-PTK procedure well without any significant intraoperative or postoperative *** distance visual acuity(UDVA)and manifest refraction corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)improved after pterygium excision(P=0.03 and P=0.05,respectively).The UDVA and CDVA improved further after T-PTK(P=0.004 and P=0.002,respectively).The topographic surface asymmetry index,topographic surface regularity index,and topographic projected visual acuity significantly improved after T-PTK(P=0.0092,P=0.0022,and P=0.0002,respectively).None of the subjects lost any lines of CDVA,developed recurrence of pterygia or required keratoplasty during the postoperative ***:ASOCT T-PTK can provide excellent visual and anatomic outcomes in patients with central corneal scarring after excision of visual axis-involving pterygia.

关键词： pediatric penetrating eye injury traumatic endophthalmitis pars plana vitrectomy

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