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Dementia in military and veteran populations:a review of risk factors—traumatic brain injury,post-traumatic stress disorder,deployment,and sleep

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Military Medical Research 2022年第3期9卷 351-364页

作者： Zara Raza Syeda F.Hussain Suzanne Ftouni gershon Spitz Nick Caplin russell g.foster Renata S.M.gomes Research and Innovation Blind Veterans UK12-14 Harcourt StreetLondonW1H 4HDUK BRAVO VICTOR Research12-14 Harcourt StreetLondonW1H 4HDUK Circadian Therapeutics OxfordOX11BYUK School of Psychological Sciences Monash University18 Innovation WalkClayton CampusWellington RoadMelbourneVIC3800Australia Sleep&Circadian Neuroscience Institute(SCNi) Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesSir William Dunn School of PathologyOxford Molecular Pathology InstituteUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX13RFUK Northern Hub for Veterans and Military Families Research Department of NursingMidwifery and HealthFaculty of Health and Life SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastleNE77XAUK

The military population face a unique set of risk factors that may increase the risk of being diagnosed with *** brain injury(TBI)and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)have a higher prevalence in this group in comparison to the civilian *** delving into the individual relationships between TBI and dementia,and PTSD and dementia,we are able to better explore dementia in the military and veteran *** there are some inconsistencies in results,the TBI-dementia association has become more widely ***-tosevere TBI has been found to increase the risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease.A correlation between PTSD and dementia has been established,however,whether or not it is a causal relationship remains *** such as blast,combat and chemical exposure may occur during a deployment,along with TBI and/or PTSD diagnosis,and can impact the risk of ***,there is a lack of literature exploring the direct effects of deployment on dementia *** problems have been observed to occur in those following TBI,PTSD and *** sleep has been associated with possible dementia *** limited studies have focused on the link between sleep and dementia in military and veteran populations,sleep is a valuable factor to study due to its association and interconnection with other military/veteran *** review aims to inform of various risk factors to the cognitive health of military members and veterans:TBI,PTSD,deployment,and sleep.

关键词： Dementia Alzheimer’s disease Traumatic brain injury Post-traumatic stress disorder Military Veteran Deployment Sleep

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Free bisphenol A(BPA),BPA-glucuronide(BPA-g),and total BPA concentrations in maternal serum and urine during pregnancy and umbilical cord blood at delivery

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 279-287页

作者： Warren g.foster Cariton Kubwabo Ivana Kosarac Sandra gregorovich garima Aryal Kaela Coleman Department of Obstetrics&gynaecology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4K1Canada Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau Health CanadaOttawaOntarioK1A 0K9Canada Tobacco Control Directorate Health CanadaOttawaOntarioK1A 0K9Canada

While adult exposure to total bisphenol A(BPA)has been well documented,developmental exposure to BPA and fetal exposure to the bioactive form(free BPA)remains poorly ***,pregnant women(n?199)between 28 and 35 weeks of pregnancy were invited to participate in this *** serum free of hemolysis(n?189)and urine(n?112)were collected at third trimester and delivery along with umbilical cord blood(UCB)at *** BPA,BPA mono-glucuronide(BPA-g)and total BPA concentrations were measured using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass *** concentrations of free BPA were quantifiable above the method detection limit(MDL?0.026 ng/mL)in approximately 34%of serum samples in the third trimester and 21%of samples at delivery whereas BPA-g and total BPA were quantified in 43 and 70%of third trimester and delivery samples,*** geometric mean of free BPA,BPA-g and total BPA concentrations in maternal serum during the third trimester and at delivery were 0.62 ng/L andg/mL,and 0.24 and 0.31 ng/mL,*** mean urinary concentrations of free BPA,BPA-g,and total BPA(MDL?0.027 ng/mL)in the third trimester and delivery samples were 0.07 and 0.06 ng/mL,0.36 and 0.09 ng/mL,and 0.36 and 0.09 ng/mL,*** the UCB,the geometric means for free BPA,BPA-g,and total BPA concentrations were 0.05,0.08 and 0.10 ng/mL,*** results suggest that,in our study population,free BPA concentrations were low compared to other Canadian cohorts.

关键词： Bisphenol A Free BPA Conjugated BPA Pregnancy Exposure Fetal development Cord blood

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Arsenobetaine and thio-arsenic species in marine macroalgae and herbivorous animals: Accumulated through trophic transfer or produced in situ?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 131-139页

作者： Simon foster William Maher Ecochemistry Laboratory Institute for Applied Ecology University of Canberra

Arsenobetaine（AB） and thio-arsenoribosides were measured in common macroalgae species（8 phaeophyta, 4 rhodophyta and 2 chlorphyta）, along the Australian south east coast line. As well, arsenic species profiles were measured for two common marine herbivores, the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii and the fish Odax cyanomelas that graze on these macroalgae to understand if trophic transfer of these species would account for their presence in marine herbivores. AB was found in seven of the fourteen macroalgae species investigated but does not contributed significantly to any of the macroalgae arsenic content（0.01-1.2 μg/g）. AB was found in only two of the brown macroalgae and all the red and green macroalgae（with the exception of Corallina officinalis）. Thio-arsenic species were found sporadically, but not in high concentrations in any of the macroalgae *** present in macroalgae is likely to be associated with epiphytic organisms while thio-arsenoribosides are likely to be produced by decaying parts of damaged macroalgae.A laboratory feeding experiment in which the herbivorous gastropod, Austrocochlea constricta, was fed macroalgae containing thio-arsenoribosides for a 24 hr period every three days showed that these are readily accumulated over a short period. Thio-arsenoribosides in herbivores are therefore probably obtained through trophic transfer. Some AB is also obtained through trophic transfer; however, the presence of trimethylated arsonioribosides,a hypothesized precursor of AB formation in herbivores, suggests that some AB is produced within herbivores from the transformation of arsenoribosides accumulated from their diet.

关键词： Arsenobetaine Arsenic Metabolism Thio-arsenosugars Macroalgae gastropods

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Improving the wind and temperature measurements of an airborne meteorological measuring system

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第10期13卷 723-746页

作者： Stephen foster P.W.CHAN Aventech Research Inc. BarrieON L4N 2E3Canada Hong Kong Observatory KowloonHong KongChina

The Aircraft Integrated Meteorological Measuring System 20 Hz(AIMMS-20) has been used by the Hong Kong Observatory(HKO),China in data collection for tropical cyclone situations over the South China Sea and windshear and turbulence measurement at the Hong Kong International Airport(HKIA).This paper discusses possible methods for further enhancing the quality of the wind and temperature measurements from the *** wind measurement,the enhancement methods include:error modelling of the accelerometer(e.g.,bias offset and cross-axis rate sensitivity),global positioning system(gPS) phase lag consideration,better representation of the inertial measurement unit(IMU) velocity based on the gPS velocities and considering their location differences,consideration of the slower update of gPS velocity,and wing *** temperature measurement,the methods include the consideration of the temperature sensor response and the sensor housing *** results of typical flights using AIMMS-20 show that the accuracy of the wind and temperature data could be improved by 20%-30%.Though the discussion in the present paper is related mainly to a specific meteorological measuring system on a particular aircraft,the techniques so employed should be a useful reference for similar systems installed on other aircraft.

关键词： Airborne meteorological measurements Kalman filter Comparison with radiosonde measurement

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五氧化二钒纳米颗粒的制备及其电化学性能研究

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北京化工大学学报（自然科学版） 2016年第3期43卷 60-65页

作者：孟琳翟晶 Neil R.foster 蒲源北京化工大学化学工程学院超临界流体技术与应用研究中心北京100029 煤炭科学研究总院北京100013

通过共溶剂水热法制备五氧化二钒纳米棒,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM、EDS)、电化学工作站和蓝电测试系统对样品的形貌结构和电化学性能进行分析。结果表明,所得样品均为纯V_2O_5相,结晶度较高;金属离子掺杂后V_2O_5的形... 详细信息

通过共溶剂水热法制备五氧化二钒纳米棒,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM、EDS)、电化学工作站和蓝电测试系统对样品的形貌结构和电化学性能进行分析。结果表明,所得样品均为纯V_2O_5相,结晶度较高;金属离子掺杂后V_2O_5的形貌由棒状变成微球状。CV曲线结果表明,该材料作为锂离子电池正极材料时具有良好的可逆性;掺杂金属铜离子的V_2O_5表现出更好的电化学性能,初始比容量为273.30 m A·h/g,在循环50次后,容量保持率为99.04%;金属铜离子的掺杂可进一步提高材料的电化学性能。

关键词：五氧化二钒纳米棒共溶剂水热法金属离子掺杂正极材料电化学性能

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Establishment of trauma registry at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital(QECH), Blantyre, Malawi and mapping of high risk geographic areas for trauma

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第1期10卷 33-41页

作者： Linda C.Chokotho Wakisa Mulwafu Mulinda Nyirenda foster J.Mbomuwa Hemant g.Pandit grace Le Christopher Lavy Beit Cure International Hospital Department of Surgery College of Medicine University of Malawi Adult Emergency and Trauma Center Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Ministry of Health Chapel Allerton Hospital University of Leeds Nuff ield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford

BACKgROUND: Less attention is directed toward gaining a better understanding of the burden and prevention of injuries, in low and middle income countries(LMICs). We report the establishment of a trauma registry at the Adult Emergency and Trauma Centre(AETC) at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital(QECH) in Blantyre, Malawi and identify high risk geographic areas. METHODS: We devised a paper based two-page trauma registry form. Ten data clerks and all AETC clinicians were trained to complete demographic and clinical details respectively. Descriptive data, regression and hotspot analyses were done using STATA 15 statistical package and ArcgIS(16) software ***: There were 3,747 patients from May 2013 to May 2015. The most common mechanisms of injury were assault(38.2%), and road traffi c injuries(31.6%). The majority had soft tissue injury(53.1%), while 23.8% had no diagnosis indicated. Fractures(OR 19.94 [15.34–25.93]), head injury and internal organ injury(OR 29.5 [16.29–53.4]), and use of ambulance(OR 1.57 [1.06–2.33]) were found to be predictive of increased odds of being admitted to hospital while assault(OR 0.69 [0.52–0.91]) was found to be associated with less odds of being admitted to hospital. Hot spot analysis showed that at 99% confidence interval, Ndirande, Mbayani and Limbe were the top hot spots for injury occurrence. CONCLUSION: We have described the process of establishing an integrated and potentially sustainable trauma registry. Signifi cant data were captured to provide details on the epidemiology of trauma and insight on how care could be improved at AETC and surrounding health facilities. This approach may be relevant in similar poor resource settings.

关键词： Trauma Registry Adult injuries Hot spot analysis Low and middle income countries

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The magnetosheath at high spectral resolution

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 234-246页

作者： K.D.Küntz D.Koutroumpa W.R.Dunn A.foster F.S.Porter D.g.Sibeck B.Walsh The Henry A.Rowland Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University3701 San Martin DriveBaltimoreMD21218USA NASA goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt RoadGreenbeltMD 20771USA LATMOS-OVSQ CNRSUVSQ Paris-SaclaySorbonne Université11 Boulevard d’Alembert78280GuyancourtFrance Department of Physics and Astronomy University College LondonLondonUK The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/Birkbeck Gower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK Center for Astrophysics Harvard University&Smithsonian Institution60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA Center for Space Physics Boston University110 Cummington MallBostonMAUSA

While we eagerly anticipate SMILE’s(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unprecedented X-ray observations of the Earth’s magnetosheath and the initiation of a new era of magnetospheric research,it seems appropriate to look ahead to the abilities of the next generation of astrophysics *** these,the Line Emission Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter based mission,is currently planned to be able to observe the magnetosheath at high spectral resolution(~2 eV).With a field of view of~30′,LEM will allow higher spatial resolution and higher cadence measurement of the motion of a very small portion of the magnetopause over relatively short periods of time(multiple hours),complementing SMILE’s global ***’s strength is its spectral *** will be able to measure the abundance of a broad range of elements and ionization states,many of which are inaccessible to current in situ instruments,and will be able to separate the emission from the magnetosheath from the emission from the cosmic X-ray background using the difference in their relative velocities.

关键词： magnetosheath charge exchange solar wind abundances

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STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS

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Chinese Physics C 2016年第10期40卷 321-336页

作者： B. foster A.D. Martin R.S. Thorne M.g. Vincter University of Hamburg/DESY University of Durham University College London Carleton University

19.1. Deep inelastic scattering High-energy lepton-nucleon scattering （deep inelastic scattering） plays a key role in determining the partonic structure of the proton. The process lN → l^1X is illustrated in Fig. 19.1. The filled circle in this figure represents the internal structure of the proton which can be expressed in terms of structure functions.

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Shrinking in the dark: Parallel endosymbiont genome erosions are associated with repeated host transitions to an underground life

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INSECT SCIENCE 2024年第6期31卷 1810-1821页

作者： Beasley-Hall, Perry g. Kinjo, Yukihiro Rose, Harley A. Walker, James foster, Charles S. P. Kovacs, Toby g. L. Bourguignon, Thomas Ho, Simon Y. W. Lo, Nathan Univ Sydney Sch Life & Environm Sci Sydney NSW Australia Univ Adelaide Sch Biol Sci Adelaide SA 5000 Australia Okinawa Inst Sci & Technol grad Univ Evolutionary Genom Unit Onna Okinawa Japan Australian govt Dept Agr Water & Environm Canberra Australia Univ New South Wales Sch Comp Sci & Engn Sydney NSW Australia

Microbial symbioses have had profound impacts on the evolution of animals. Conversely, changes in host biology may impact the evolutionary trajectory of symbionts themselves. Blattabacterium cuenoti is present in almost all cockroach species and enables hosts to subsist on a nutrient-poor diet. To investigate if host biology has impacted Blattabacterium at the genomic level, we sequenced and analyzed 25 genomes from Australian soil-burrowing cockroaches (Blaberidae: Panesthiinae), which have undergone at least seven separate subterranean, subsocial transitions from above-ground, wood-feeding ancestors. We find at least three independent instances of genome erosion have occurred in Blattabacterium strains exclusive to Australian soil-burrowing cockroaches. These shrinkages have involved the repeated inactivation of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and nitrogen recycling, the core role of Blattabacterium in the host-symbiont relationship. The most drastic of these erosions have occurred in hosts thought to have transitioned underground the earliest relative to other lineages, further suggestive of a link between gene loss in Blattabacterium and the burrowing behavior of hosts. As Blattabacterium is unable to fulfill its core function in certain host lineages, these findings suggest soil-burrowing cockroaches must acquire these nutrients from novel sources. Our study represents one of the first cases, to our knowledge, of parallel host adaptations leading to concomitant parallelism in their mutualistic symbionts, further underscoring the intimate relationship between these two partners. Endosymbiotic bacteria live in the cells of other organisms. These microbes are particularly prevalent in insects, with whom they share a mutually beneficial relationship. In cockroaches, the endosymbiont Blattabacterium is vital for producing essential amino acids that hosts cannot acquire on their own. Soil-burrowing cockroaches of Australia are an interesting example in whic

关键词： Blattabacterium endosymbiosis gene loss molecular evolution parallel evolution subterranean habitats

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Consecutive fecal calprotectin measurements for predicting relapse in pediatric Crohn's disease patients

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2019年第10期25卷 1266-1277页

作者： Alice Jane foster Matthew Smyth Alam Lakhani Benjamin Jung Rollin F Brant Kevan Jacobson Division of gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionBritish Columbia Children’s Hospital Pediatrics B.C.Children’s Hospital Research Institute Pediatrics British Columbia children’s HospitalUniversity of British Columbia Department of Statistics University of British Columbia Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine

BACKgROUND Asymptomatic children with Crohn's disease(CD) require ongoing monitoring to ensure early recognition of a disease *** In a cohort of pediatric CD patients, we aimed to assess the utility of serial fecal calprotectin measurements to detect intestinal inflammatory activity and predict disease *** In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, children with CD on infliximab therapy in clinical remission were included. Fecal calprotectin levels were assessed at baseline and at subsequent 2-5 visits. Clinical and biochemical disease activity were assessed using the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index, Creactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at baseline and at visits over the following 18 *** 53 children were included and eighteen patients(34%) had a clinical disease relapse during the study. Baseline fecal calprotectin levels were higher in patients that developed symptomatic relapse [median(interquartile range), relapse 723μg/g(283-1758) vs 244 μg/g(61-627), P = 0.02]. Fecal calprotectin levels > 250μg/g demonstrated good predictive accuracy of a clinical flare within 3 mo(area under the receiver operator curve was 0.86, 95% confidence limits 0.781 to 0.937).CONCLUSION Routine fecal calprotectin testing in children with CD in clinical remission is useful to predict relapse. Levels > 250 μg/g are a good predictor of relapse in the following 3 mo. This information is important to guide monitoring standards used in this population.

关键词： Fecal calprotectin Disease relapse Biomarker Crohn’s disease Children

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