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Dementia in military and veteran populations:a review of risk factors—traumatic brain injury,post-traumatic stress disorder,deployment,and sleep

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Military Medical Research 2022年第3期9卷 351-364页

作者： Zara Raza Syeda F.Hussain Suzanne Ftouni gershon Spitz Nick Caplin russell g.foster Renata S.M.gomes Research and Innovation Blind Veterans UK12-14 Harcourt StreetLondonW1H 4HDUK BRAVO VICTOR Research12-14 Harcourt StreetLondonW1H 4HDUK Circadian Therapeutics OxfordOX11BYUK School of Psychological Sciences Monash University18 Innovation WalkClayton CampusWellington RoadMelbourneVIC3800Australia Sleep&Circadian Neuroscience Institute(SCNi) Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesSir William Dunn School of PathologyOxford Molecular Pathology InstituteUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX13RFUK Northern Hub for Veterans and Military Families Research Department of NursingMidwifery and HealthFaculty of Health and Life SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastleNE77XAUK

The military population face a unique set of risk factors that may increase the risk of being diagnosed with dementia.Traumatic brain injury(TBI)and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)have a higher prevalence in this group in comparison to the civilian population.By delving into the individual relationships between TBI and dementia,and PTSD and dementia,we are able to better explore dementia in the military and veteran populations.While there are some inconsistencies in results,the TBI-dementia association has become more widely accepted.Moderate-tosevere TBI has been found to increase the risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease.A correlation between PTSD and dementia has been established,however,whether or not it is a causal relationship remains unclear.Factors such as blast,combat and chemical exposure may occur during a deployment,along with TBI and/or PTSD diagnosis,and can impact the risk of dementia.However,there is a lack of literature exploring the direct effects of deployment on dementia risk.Sleep problems have been observed to occur in those following TBI,PTSD and deployment.Poor sleep has been associated with possible dementia risk.Although limited studies have focused on the link between sleep and dementia in military and veteran populations,sleep is a valuable factor to study due to its association and interconnection with other military/veteran factors.This review aims to inform of various risk factors to the cognitive health of military members and veterans:TBI,PTSD,deployment,and sleep.

关键词： Dementia Alzheimer’s disease Traumatic brain injury Post-traumatic stress disorder Military Veteran Deployment Sleep

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The magnetosheath at high spectral resolution

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 234-246页

作者： K.D.Küntz D.Koutroumpa W.R.Dunn A.foster F.S.Porter D.g.Sibeck B.Walsh The Henry A.Rowland Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University3701 San Martin DriveBaltimoreMD21218USA NASA goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt RoadGreenbeltMD 20771USA LATMOS-OVSQ CNRSUVSQ Paris-SaclaySorbonne Université11 Boulevard d’Alembert78280GuyancourtFrance Department of Physics and Astronomy University College LondonLondonUK The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/Birkbeck Gower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK Center for Astrophysics Harvard University&Smithsonian Institution60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA Center for Space Physics Boston University110 Cummington MallBostonMAUSA

While we eagerly anticipate SMILE’s(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unprecedented X-ray observations of the Earth’s magnetosheath and the initiation of a new era of magnetospheric research,it seems appropriate to look ahead to the abilities of the next generation of astrophysics missions.Of these,the Line Emission Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter based mission,is currently planned to be able to observe the magnetosheath at high spectral resolution(~2 eV).With a field of view of~30′,LEM will allow higher spatial resolution and higher cadence measurement of the motion of a very small portion of the magnetopause over relatively short periods of time(multiple hours),complementing SMILE’s global mapping.LEM’s strength is its spectral resolution.It will be able to measure the abundance of a broad range of elements and ionization states,many of which are inaccessible to current in situ instruments,and will be able to separate the emission from the magnetosheath from the emission from the cosmic X-ray background using the difference in their relative velocities.

关键词： magnetosheath charge exchange solar wind abundances

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Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C genotype 3 infection:A systematic review

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World Journal of gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1596-1612页

作者： Hamzah Z Farooq Michael James Jane Abbott Patrick Oyibo Pip Divall Naheed Choudhry graham R foster Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E12ATUnited Kingdom School of Health and Psychological Sciences University of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUnited Kingdom University Hospitals of Leicester Library University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom

BACKgROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a blood-borne virus which globally affects around 79 million people and is associated with high morbidity and mortality.Chronic infection leads to cirrhosis in a large proportion of patients and often causes hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in people with cirrhosis.Of the 6 HCV genotypes(g1-g6),genotype-3 accounts for 17.9%of infections.HCV genotype-3 responds least well to directly-acting antivirals and patients with genotype-3 infection are at increased risk of HCC even if they do not have cirrhosis.AIM To systematically review and critically appraise all risk factors for HCC secondary to HCV-g3 in all settings.Consequently,we studied possible risk factors for HCC due to HCV-g3 in the literature from 1946 to 2023.METHODS This systematic review aimed to synthesise existing and published studies of risk factors for HCC secondary to HCV genotype-3 and evaluate their strengths and limitations.We searched Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CENTRAL for publications reporting risk factors for HCC due to HCV genotype-3 in all settings,1946-2023.RESULTS Four thousand one hundred and forty-four records were identified from the four databases with 260 records removed as duplicates.Three thousand eight hundred and eighty-four records were screened with 3514 excluded.Three hundred and seventy-one full-texts were assessed for eligibility with seven studies included for analysis.Of the seven studies,three studies were retrospective case-control trials,two retrospective cohort studies,one a prospective cohort study and one a cross-sectional study design.All were based in hospital settings with four in Pakistan,two in South Korea and one in the United States.The total number of participants were 9621 of which 167 developed HCC(1.7%).All seven studies found cirrhosis to be a risk factor for HCC secondary to HCV genotype-3 followed by higher age(five-studies),with two studies each showing male sex,high alpha feto-protein,directly-acting antivirals treatment and achievement of sustained virologic res

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis C genotype 3 Systematic review Blood-borne viruses Liver cancer

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Free bisphenol A(BPA),BPA-glucuronide(BPA-g),and total BPA concentrations in maternal serum and urine during pregnancy and umbilical cord blood at delivery

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 279-287页

作者： Warren g.foster Cariton Kubwabo Ivana Kosarac Sandra gregorovich garima Aryal Kaela Coleman Department of Obstetrics&gynaecology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4K1Canada Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau Health CanadaOttawaOntarioK1A 0K9Canada Tobacco Control Directorate Health CanadaOttawaOntarioK1A 0K9Canada

While adult exposure to total bisphenol A(BPA)has been well documented,developmental exposure to BPA and fetal exposure to the bioactive form(free BPA)remains poorly defined.Therefore,pregnant women(n?199)between 28 and 35 weeks of pregnancy were invited to participate in this study.Maternal serum free of hemolysis(n?189)and urine(n?112)were collected at third trimester and delivery along with umbilical cord blood(UCB)at delivery.Free BPA,BPA mono-glucuronide(BPA-g)and total BPA concentrations were measured using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.Circulating concentrations of free BPA were quantifiable above the method detection limit(MDL?0.026 ng/mL)in approximately 34%of serum samples in the third trimester and 21%of samples at delivery whereas BPA-g and total BPA were quantified in 43 and 70%of third trimester and delivery samples,respectively.The geometric mean of free BPA,BPA-g and total BPA concentrations in maternal serum during the third trimester and at delivery were 0.62 ng/L andg/mL,and 0.24 and 0.31 ng/mL,respectively.geometric mean urinary concentrations of free BPA,BPA-g,and total BPA(MDL?0.027 ng/mL)in the third trimester and delivery samples were 0.07 and 0.06 ng/mL,0.36 and 0.09 ng/mL,and 0.36 and 0.09 ng/mL,respectively.In the UCB,the geometric means for free BPA,BPA-g,and total BPA concentrations were 0.05,0.08 and 0.10 ng/mL,respectively.Our results suggest that,in our study population,free BPA concentrations were low compared to other Canadian cohorts.

关键词： Bisphenol A Free BPA Conjugated BPA Pregnancy Exposure Fetal development Cord blood

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Arsenobetaine and thio-arsenic species in marine macroalgae and herbivorous animals: Accumulated through trophic transfer or produced in situ?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 131-139页

作者： Simon foster William Maher Ecochemistry Laboratory Institute for Applied Ecology University of Canberra

Arsenobetaine（AB） and thio-arsenoribosides were measured in common macroalgae species（8 phaeophyta, 4 rhodophyta and 2 chlorphyta）, along the Australian south east coast line. As well, arsenic species profiles were measured for two common marine herbivores, the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii and the fish Odax cyanomelas that graze on these macroalgae to understand if trophic transfer of these species would account for their presence in marine herbivores. AB was found in seven of the fourteen macroalgae species investigated but does not contributed significantly to any of the macroalgae arsenic content（0.01-1.2 μg/g）. AB was found in only two of the brown macroalgae and all the red and green macroalgae（with the exception of Corallina officinalis）. Thio-arsenic species were found sporadically, but not in high concentrations in any of the macroalgae investigated.AB present in macroalgae is likely to be associated with epiphytic organisms while thio-arsenoribosides are likely to be produced by decaying parts of damaged macroalgae.A laboratory feeding experiment in which the herbivorous gastropod, Austrocochlea constricta, was fed macroalgae containing thio-arsenoribosides for a 24 hr period every three days showed that these are readily accumulated over a short period. Thio-arsenoribosides in herbivores are therefore probably obtained through trophic transfer. Some AB is also obtained through trophic transfer; however, the presence of trimethylated arsonioribosides,a hypothesized precursor of AB formation in herbivores, suggests that some AB is produced within herbivores from the transformation of arsenoribosides accumulated from their diet.

关键词： Arsenobetaine Arsenic Metabolism Thio-arsenosugars Macroalgae gastropods

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Improving the wind and temperature measurements of an airborne meteorological measuring system

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第10期13卷 723-746页

作者： Stephen foster P.W.CHAN Aventech Research Inc. BarrieON L4N 2E3Canada Hong Kong Observatory KowloonHong KongChina

The Aircraft Integrated Meteorological Measuring System 20 Hz(AIMMS-20) has been used by the Hong Kong Observatory(HKO),China in data collection for tropical cyclone situations over the South China Sea and windshear and turbulence measurement at the Hong Kong International Airport(HKIA).This paper discusses possible methods for further enhancing the quality of the wind and temperature measurements from the system.For wind measurement,the enhancement methods include:error modelling of the accelerometer(e.g.,bias offset and cross-axis rate sensitivity),global positioning system(gPS) phase lag consideration,better representation of the inertial measurement unit(IMU) velocity based on the gPS velocities and considering their location differences,consideration of the slower update of gPS velocity,and wing flexure.For temperature measurement,the methods include the consideration of the temperature sensor response and the sensor housing response.The results of typical flights using AIMMS-20 show that the accuracy of the wind and temperature data could be improved by 20%-30%.Though the discussion in the present paper is related mainly to a specific meteorological measuring system on a particular aircraft,the techniques so employed should be a useful reference for similar systems installed on other aircraft.

关键词： Airborne meteorological measurements Kalman filter Comparison with radiosonde measurement

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Historical trends of degradation,loss,and recovery in the tropical forest reserves of ghana

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 30-51页

作者： Michael C.Wimberly Francis K.Dwomoh Izaya Numata foster Mensah Jacob Amoako Dawn M.Nekorchuk Andrea McMahon Department of geography and Environmental Sustainability University of OklahomaNormanOKUSA Department of geography and geospatial Sciences South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSDUSA Centre for Remote Sensing and geographic Information Services University of GhanaAccraGhana The Forestry Commission of ghana AccraGhana

The Upper guinean Forest region of West Africa,a globally significant biodiversity hotspot,is among the driest and most human-impacted tropical ecosystems.We used Landsat to study forest degradation,loss,and recovery in the forest reserves of ghana from 2003 to 2019.Annual canopy cover maps were generated using random forests and results were temporally segmented using the LandTrendr algorithm.Canopy cover was predicted with a predicted-observed r2 of 0.76,mean absolute error of 12.8%,and mean error of 1.3%.Forest degradation,loss,and recovery were identified as transitions between closed(>60%cover),open(15–60%cover)and low tree cover(ge was relatively slow from 2003 to 2015,but there was more disturbance than recovery resulting in a gradual decline in closed canopy forests.In 2016,widespread fires associated with El Niño drought caused forest loss and degradation across more than 12%of the moist semi-deciduous and upland evergreen forest types.The workflow was implemented in google Earth Engine,allowing stakeholders to visualize the results and download summaries.Information about historical disturbances will help to prioritize locations for future studies and target forest protection and restoration activities aimed at increasing resilience.

关键词： Landsat random forests machine learning time series LandTrendr drought wildfire

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Establishment of trauma registry at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital(QECH), Blantyre, Malawi and mapping of high risk geographic areas for trauma

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第1期10卷 33-41页

作者： Linda C.Chokotho Wakisa Mulwafu Mulinda Nyirenda foster J.Mbomuwa Hemant g.Pandit grace Le Christopher Lavy Beit Cure International Hospital Department of Surgery College of Medicine University of Malawi Adult Emergency and Trauma Center Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Ministry of Health Chapel Allerton Hospital University of Leeds Nuff ield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford

BACKgROUND: Less attention is directed toward gaining a better understanding of the burden and prevention of injuries, in low and middle income countries(LMICs). We report the establishment of a trauma registry at the Adult Emergency and Trauma Centre(AETC) at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital(QECH) in Blantyre, Malawi and identify high risk geographic areas. METHODS: We devised a paper based two-page trauma registry form. Ten data clerks and all AETC clinicians were trained to complete demographic and clinical details respectively. Descriptive data, regression and hotspot analyses were done using STATA 15 statistical package and ArcgIS(16) software respectively.RESULTS: There were 3,747 patients from May 2013 to May 2015. The most common mechanisms of injury were assault(38.2%), and road traffi c injuries(31.6%). The majority had soft tissue injury(53.1%), while 23.8% had no diagnosis indicated. Fractures(OR 19.94 [15.34–25.93]), head injury and internal organ injury(OR 29.5 [16.29–53.4]), and use of ambulance(OR 1.57 [1.06–2.33]) were found to be predictive of increased odds of being admitted to hospital while assault(OR 0.69 [0.52–0.91]) was found to be associated with less odds of being admitted to hospital. Hot spot analysis showed that at 99% confidence interval, Ndirande, Mbayani and Limbe were the top hot spots for injury occurrence. CONCLUSION: We have described the process of establishing an integrated and potentially sustainable trauma registry. Signifi cant data were captured to provide details on the epidemiology of trauma and insight on how care could be improved at AETC and surrounding health facilities. This approach may be relevant in similar poor resource settings.

关键词：小学英语课外阅读阅读材料

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Arabinan Metabolism during Seed Development and germination in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 966-976页

作者： Leonardo D. gomez Clare g. Steele-King Louise Jones Jonathan M. foster Supachai Vuttipongchaikij Simon J. McQueen-Mason CNAP Department of Biology University of York Heslington York YO10 5YW United Kingdom

Arabinans are found in the pectic network of many cell walls, where, along with galactan, they are present as side chains of Rhamnogalacturonan I. Whilst arabinans have been reported to be abundant polymers in the cell walls of seeds from a range of plant species, their proposed role as a storage reserve has not been thoroughly investigated. In the cell walls of Arabidopsis seeds, arabinose accounts for approximately 40% of the monosaccharide composition of non- cellulosic polysaccharides of embryos. Arabinose levels decline to -15% during seedling establishment, indicating that cell wall arabinans may be mobilized during germination. Immunolocalization of arabinan in embryos, seeds, and seedlings reveals that arabinans accumulate in developing and mature embryos, but disappear during germination and seedling establishment. Experiments using 14C-arabinose show that it is readily incorporated and metabolized in growing seedlings, indicating an active catabolic pathway for this sugar. We found that depleting arabinans in seeds using a fungal arabinanase causes delayed seedling growth, lending support to the hypothesis that these polymers may help fuel early seedling growth.

关键词： Cell walls development embryogenesis and seed development Arabidopsis arabinan arabinose carbohydrate metabolism physiology of plant growth.

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五氧化二钒纳米颗粒的制备及其电化学性能研究

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北京化工大学学报（自然科学版） 2016年第3期43卷 60-65页

作者：孟琳翟晶 Neil R.foster 蒲源北京化工大学化学工程学院超临界流体技术与应用研究中心北京100029 煤炭科学研究总院北京100013

通过共溶剂水热法制备五氧化二钒纳米棒,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM、EDS)、电化学工作站和蓝电测试系统对样品的形貌结构和电化学性能进行分析。结果表明,所得样品均为纯V_2O_5相,结晶度较高;金属离子掺杂后V_2O_5的形... 详细信息

通过共溶剂水热法制备五氧化二钒纳米棒,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM、EDS)、电化学工作站和蓝电测试系统对样品的形貌结构和电化学性能进行分析。结果表明,所得样品均为纯V_2O_5相,结晶度较高;金属离子掺杂后V_2O_5的形貌由棒状变成微球状。CV曲线结果表明,该材料作为锂离子电池正极材料时具有良好的可逆性;掺杂金属铜离子的V_2O_5表现出更好的电化学性能,初始比容量为273.30 m A·h/g,在循环50次后,容量保持率为99.04%;金属铜离子的掺杂可进一步提高材料的电化学性能。

关键词：五氧化二钒纳米棒共溶剂水热法金属离子掺杂正极材料电化学性能

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