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Mechanical responses of underground carriageway structures due to construction of metro tunnels beneath the existing structure:A case study

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2024年第2期3卷 231-246页

作者： Xin Han Fei Ye Xingbo Han Chao Ren Jing Song ruliang Zhao School of Highway Chang'an UniversityXi'anChina Shandong Province Transportation Planning and Design Institute JinanChina China Water Resources Beifang Investigation Design and Research Co.Ltd.TianjinChina

To understand the mechanical response pattern of the existing structure and ground due to the construction of metro tunnels underneath,the finite difference method is adopted to study the torsional deformation and stress variation of the existing structure and the effect of underground carriageway structures on the surface subsidence.The curves of the maximum differential subsidence,torsion angle,and distortion of the cross-section of the existing structure show two peaks in succession during traversing of two metro tunnels beneath it.The torsion angle of the existing structure changes when the two tunnels traverse beneath it in opposite directions.The first traversing of the shield tunnel mainly induces the magnitude variation in torsional deformation of the existing structure,but the second traversing of the subsurface tunnel may cause a dynamic change in the magnitude and form of torsional deformation in the existing structure.The shielding effect can reduce the surface subsidence caused by metro tunnel excavation to a certain extent,and the development trend of subsidence becomes slower as the excavation continues.

关键词： metro tunnel numerical simulation structural deformation surface subsidence underground carriageway structure

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Spatial pattern recognition for near-surface high temperature increases in mountain areas using MODIS and SRTM DEM

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 2025-2042页

作者： WANG Yanxia YANG Lisha HUANG Xiaoyuan ZHOU ruliang School of Soil and Water Conservation Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming 650224China School of Economics and Management Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming 650224China

Abrupt near-surface temperature changes in mountainous areas are a special component of the mountain climate system.Fast and accurate measurements of the locations,intensity,and width of the near-surface changes are necessary but highly difficult due to the complicated environmental conditions and instrumental issues.This paper develops a spatial pattern recognition method to measure the near-surface high temperature increase(NSHTI),one of the lesser-attended changes.First,raster window measurement was proposed to calculate the temperature lapse rate using MODIS land surface temperature and SRTM DEM data.It fully considers the terrain heights of two neighboring cells on opposite or adjacent slopes with a moving window of 3×3 cell size.Second,a threshold selection was performed to identify the NSHTI cells using a threshold of-0.65℃/100 m.Then,the NSHTI strips were parameterized through raster vectorization and spatial analysis.Taking Yunnan,a mountainous province in southwestern China,as the study area,the results indicate that the NSHTI cells concentrate in a strip-like pattern along the mountains and valleys,and the strips are almost parallel to the altitude contours with a slight northward uplift.Also,they are located mostly at a 3/5 height of high mountains or within 400 m from the valley floors,where the controlling topographic index is the altitude of the terrain trend surface but not the absolute elevation and the topographic uplift height and cutting depth.Additionally,the NSHTI intensity varies with the geographic locations and the proportions increase with an exponential trend,and the horizontal width has a mean of about 1000 m and a maximum of over 5000 m.The result demonstrates that the proposed method can effectively recognize NSHTI boundaries over mountains,providing support for the modeling of weather and climate systems and the development of mountain resources.

关键词： High temperature increase Mountain areas MODIS Spatial pattern recognition Raster window measurement Threshold selection

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Facial expression recognition in golden snub-nosed monkeys

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 695-697页

作者： Haitao Zhao Jiaxuan Li Xiaowei Wang Ruliang PAN Chengliang Wang Yi Ren Yan Wang Baoguo Li Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'an710069China Shaanxi Institute of Zoology Xi'an710032China Graduate School of Management University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation Centre Dali UniversityDali671000China School of Human Sciences University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China

For socialized animals,such as prinlates,emotions arc the expression of internal states,which may be recognized by others to adjust an in dividual's potential actions(Girard and Bellone 2020).Facial expressions are therefore important signals in communication(e.g.,happy or in pain)and can help individuals understand potential meanings between each other(Dolensek et al.2020).Facial expressions can be expressed and processed freely and are useful in social interactions and bonding(Waller et al.2016).

关键词： Rhinopithecus roxellana facial expression social cog nition social interaction behavioral response

Using unmanned aerial vehicles with thermal-image acquisition cameras for animal surveys:a case study on the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey in the Qinling Mountains

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第1期15卷 79-86页

作者： Gang HE Haitao YANG Ruliang PAN Yewen SUN Pengbin ZHENG Jinghua WANG Xuelin JIN Jingjie ZHANG Baoguo LI Songtao GUO Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’anChina Shaanxi Institute of Zoology Shaanxi Academy of SciencesXi’anChina Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics XiningChina Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina

Following significant developments in technology,alternative devices have been applied in fieldwork for animal and plant surveys.Thermal-image acquisition cameras installed on unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have been used in animal surveys in the wilderness.This article demonstrates an example of how UAVs can be used in high mountainous regions,presenting a case study on the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey with a detection rate of 65.19%for positive individual identification.It also presents a model that can prospectively predict population size for a given animal species,which is based on combined initial work using UAVs and traditional surveys on the ground.A great potential advantage of UAVs is significantly shortening survey procedures,particularly for areas with high mountains and plateaus,such as the Himalayas,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Hengduan Mountains,the Yunnan-Gui Plateau and Qinling Mountains in China,where carrying out a traditional survey is extremely difficult,so that species and population surveys,particularly for critically endangered animals,are largely absent.This lack of data has impacted the management of endangered animals as well as the formulation and amendment of conservation strategies.

关键词： arboreal primates mountainous regions population size assessment thermal image unmanned aerial vehicles

Kinship promotes affiliative behaviors in a monkey

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Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 441-447页

作者： Yi REN Kang HUANG Songtao Guo Ruliang PAN Dunn W. DEREK Xiaoguang Ol Xiaowei WANG Chengliang WANG Haitao ZHAO Bin VANG Fangfang LI Baoguo LI Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation and College of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China Institute of Zoology Shaanxi Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710032 China The School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology University of Western Australia Perth 6009 Australia

In social mammals, kinship is an important factor that often affects the interactions among individuals within groups. In primates that live in a multilevel society, kinship may affect affiliative patterns between individuals at different scales within the larger group. For this study, we use field observations and molecular methods to reveal the profiles of how kinship affects affiliative behaviors between individuals in a breeding band of wild golden snub-nosed monkeys (). We use a novel nonparametric test, the partition Mantel test, to measure independently the correlation between kinship and each of three affiliative behaviors. Our results show that more closely related females are more likely to groom each other. Average relatedness between adult females within the same one-male unit (OMU) is higher than that between adult females from different OMUs. We suggest that closely related females may reside in the same OMU in order to attain inclusive fitness benefits, and that kinship plays an important role in maintaining the social structure of this species.

关键词：行为猴子社会结构 tween 哺乳动物相互作用影响模式使用领域

Sexual interference and allomaternal behavior as predictors of rank recognition in female golden snub-nosed monkeys

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Current Zoology 2021年第6期67卷 691-693页

作者： Haitao ZHAO Jiaxuan LI Yan WANG Nianlong LI Xiaowei WANG Chengliang WANG Yi REN Ting JIA Wei LI Ruliang PAN Baoguo LI Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Shaanxi Institute of ZoologyXi’an710032China College of Life Sciences Northwest UniversityXi’an710069China Graduate School of Management University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Beijing Zoo Beijing100044China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China

Rank recognition allows social animals to adapt to complex and changeable environments and to cope with hierarchical relationships within their societies(Crone 2017).Rank recognition can improve the distribution of advantageous resources,individual adaptation,and social cohesion among group-living animals(Marmolejo-Ramos and Angiulli 2014).Empirical evidence suggests that rank recognition is a basic behavioral manifestation of social cognition adopted by a wide range of insects,birds,and mammals,including nonhuman primates(Schmitt and Fischer 2011;Smith et al.2017).Unlike most other vertebrates,primates have unusually large brains and form complex social groups.

关键词： behavior recognition female

Human activities and elevational constraints restrict ranging patterns of snub-nosed monkeys in a mountainous refuge

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第2期16卷 202-213页

作者： Pengzhen HUANG Kun BIAN Zhipang HUANG Qi Li Derek WDUNN Gu FANG Jiahui LIU Mengyao WANG Xianfeng YANG Ruliang PAN Cunlao GAO Kaichuang SI Baoguo LI Xiaoguang QI Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’anChina Shaanxi Institute of Zoology Xi’anChina Zhouzhi National Nature Reserve Xi’anChina Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina

Both natural conditions and anthropogenic factors affect the survivability,distribution,and population density of wildlife.To understand the extent and how these factors drive species distributions,a detailed description of animal movement patterns in natural habitats is needed.In this study,we used satellite telemetry to monitor elevational ranges favored by endangered golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana),in the Qinling Mountains,central China.We investigated the abundance and distribution of food resources through sampling vegetation quadrats at different elevations and sampled anthropogenic activities using field surveys.Our results indicated that although there was no significant variation in food resources between low-(<1500 m)and middle-elevations(1500–2200 m),monkeys were found most often in areas above 1500 m,where there was less anthropogenic development(e.***.houses and roads);however,monkeys rarely ranged above 2200 m and had limited food availability at this altitude.There was limited human disturbance at this elevation.We suggest that both human activity and ecological constraints(i.***.food resources)have considerable effects on elevational use of R.roxellana in the Qinling Mountains.This study highlights the critical roles these factors can play in shaping the vertical distribution of high-altitude primates.This research provides useful insights for habitat-based conservation plans in which human disturbance management and habitat restoration should be prioritized.

关键词： elevational distribution food resources human activity Rhinopithecus roxellana satellite telemetry

减氮对引黄灌区春玉米氮素吸收利用和淋失的影响

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农业资源与环境学报 2024年第3期41卷 576-584页

作者：王英刘汝亮王芳洪瑜冒辛平马建森宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所银川750002 国家农业环境银川观测实验站银川750002 宁夏大学农学院银川750002

为探究不同减氮水平下春玉米产量及氮素吸收利用和氮素淋失损失特征,为宁夏引黄灌区春玉米氮肥合理施用提供理论依据,本研究于2021—2022年在宁夏引黄灌区基于渗漏池进行了连续两年的田间定位试验,以先玉1225为供试玉米品种,设置了5个... 详细信息

为探究不同减氮水平下春玉米产量及氮素吸收利用和氮素淋失损失特征,为宁夏引黄灌区春玉米氮肥合理施用提供理论依据,本研究于2021—2022年在宁夏引黄灌区基于渗漏池进行了连续两年的田间定位试验,以先玉1225为供试玉米品种,设置了5个氮水平,施氮量分别为常规施氮420 kg·hm^(-2)(N-420)、减氮14.29%(N-360)、减氮35.71%(N-270)、减氮57.14%(N-180)、不施氮处理(CK),对春玉米产量、氮素吸收利用和氮素淋失损失量进行测定分析。两年数据均表明,农户常规施肥与减氮14.29%处理籽粒产量没有显著差异(P<0.05),减氮35.71%处理较常规施肥处理产量降低。2021年减氮35.71%、减氮14.29%处理较常规施肥处理籽粒产量分别降低了8.60%和3.59%,2022年减氮35.71%处理籽粒产量较常规施肥处理降低11.46%,而减氮14.29%处理与常规施肥处理相比籽粒产量增加1.42%。氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学效率、地上部氮素收获指数两年数据均显示减氮35.71%处理高于减氮14.29%处理和常规施肥处理。氮肥偏生产力随着施氮量的增加逐渐降低,与减氮57.14%处理相比,减氮35.71%、减氮14.29%和常规施肥处理分别降低19.57%、33.81%、42.59%。总氮淋失量随施氮量的增加而升高,减氮35.71%、减氮14.29%处理总氮淋失损失量较常规施氮处理降低42.51%和18.09%。各处理氮素淋失中,硝态氮是主要形式,占总氮的45.50%~54.68%。相关性分析表明,施氮量与总氮淋失量呈正相关,随着施氮量的增加,总氮淋失量呈指数型增加(R2=0.9986)。研究表明,与常规施氮量相比,减少35.71%施氮量下,春玉米产量平均减少10.03%,总氮淋失量平均降低42.51%,氮肥表观利用率、农学效率和偏生产力均提高。综合考虑认为,施氮270 kg·hm^(-2)可作为协调引黄灌区春玉米产量和环境安全的合理选择。

关键词：春玉米引黄灌区减氮产量氮素淋失

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亭子口灌区一期工程望子山隧洞及其检修支洞设计优化

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水利水电工程设计 2024年第1期43卷 43-47页

作者：任鑫龙赵汝亮中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司天津300222

通过对长距离输水隧洞及其支洞的布置和结构进行优化设计,在主要工程量基本不变的条件下,提升了隧洞的成洞条件及结构稳定性;通过支洞纵坡优化设计,提升了施工期洞内运输安全性,对今后运行管理、检修维护同样有利。总结设计、施工中的经... 详细信息

通过对长距离输水隧洞及其支洞的布置和结构进行优化设计,在主要工程量基本不变的条件下,提升了隧洞的成洞条件及结构稳定性;通过支洞纵坡优化设计,提升了施工期洞内运输安全性,对今后运行管理、检修维护同样有利。总结设计、施工中的经验,以供隧洞工程建设者参考。

关键词：主支交叉支洞布置检修洞开挖支护

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