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Historical trends of PCBs and PBDEs as reconstructed in a lake sediment from southern Tibetan Plateau

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第12期32卷 31-38页

作者： ruiqiang yang Ting Xie Pu Wang Yingming Li Qinghua Zhang Guibin Jiang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou 310024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Environment and Health Jianghan UniversityWuhan 430056China

High-altitude lake sediment can be used as a natural archive to reconstruct the history of pollutants. In this work, the temporal distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) were determined using a high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometer(HRGC/HRMS) in an alpine lake sediment core collected from the southern Tibetan Plateau(TP) to examine whether the expected decreasing trends due to the implementation of the international Conventions could be observed. The concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in the sediment core were in the range of 11.8–142 pg/g dw and ND-457 pg/g dw, and their fluxes were in the range of 2.51–31.7 ng/(m^2 ·yr) and ND-43.2 ng/(m^2 ·yr), respectively. The prevalence of low-chlorinated(tri-CB) PCBs and low-brominated(tri-to tetra-) PBDEs in most sections of the sediment profiles was observed, suggesting that the light molecular weight PCBs and PBDEs have most likely reached lake sediments by long-range atmospheric transport from distant sources. Despite the restrictions on their applications, the sediment records for the concentrations and fluxes showed no corresponding decreasing trend with restrictions for PCBs, which suggested that these POPs(e.g., PCBs) were still emitted to the environment owing to the influence of primary or secondary emissions. To our knowledge, this is the first report on input history of atmospheric PCBs and PBDEs recorded in TP Lake sediment.

关键词： Persistent organic pollutants(POPs) PCBs PBDEs Sediment core Historical trend Tibetan Plateau

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Concentrations and source identification of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soils from Wolong Natural Reserve

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第5期54卷 743-751页

作者： ZHENG XiaoYan LIU XianDe LIU WenJie JIANG GuiBin yang ruiqiang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

In order to understand the distribution profile, composition characteristics and sources of OCPs, soil samples collected from Wolong Natural Reserve (WNR) in spring and autumn in 2005 were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Results showed that all OCPs concentrations were in the range of 10?2 ng/g―10?1 ng/g, representing the background level in those remote sites. Generally, their concentrations were slightly higher in spring than in autumn, which could be explained by OCPs: 1) may be released to soil from snow-melting water in spring; 2) partially evaporate into air from soil due to high temperature and intense radiation in summer and 3) can be relatively high degradation rate in summer. There were notable differences of OCPs seasonal variations between samples from alpine meadow and those from under-treeline. This phenomenon was related to physical-chemical properties of OCPs and vegetation coverage. For alpine meadow soils, levels of OCPs were increased with increasing altitudinal gradient, which was associated with enhanced scav-enging efficiency of wet precipitation. Composition characteristics of OCPs in soils were similar to those of air samples, which was distinct from those of typical contaminated soils, indicating that OCPs in WNR soils were mainly from atmospheric transport.

关键词：有机氯杀虫剂土壤污染组成特性季节性变化来源鉴定

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Mercury in alpine fish from four rivers in the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第1期28卷 22-28页

作者： Junjuan Shao Jianbo Shi Bu Duo Chengbin Liu Yan Gao Jianjie Fu ruiqiang yang Guibin Jiang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Science Faculty Tibet University

As a global pollutant, high levels of mercury（Hg） have been found in remote ecosystem due to the long range atmospheric transport. In this study, a total of 60 fish samples were collected from four rivers across the Tibetan Plateau to study the accumulation of Hg in remote and high-altitude aquatic environment. The total Hg（THg） and methylmercury（MeHg） in fish muscles ranged from 11 to 2097 ng/g dry weight（dw）（average： 819 ng/g dw）and from 14 to 1960 ng/g dw（average： 756 ng/g dw）, respectively. Significantly positive linear relationships were observed between the THg（r = 0.591, p 〈 0.01, n = 36） and MeHg concentrations（r = 0.473, p 〈 0.01, n = 36） with the trophic level of fish from Lhasa River,suggesting trophic transfer and biomagnification of Hg in this aquatic ecosystem. Moreover,the THg levels in fish had significantly positive correlations with the length（r = 0.316,p 〈 0.05, n = 60） and weight（r = 0.271, p 〈 0.05, n = 60） of fish. The high levels of Hg were attributed to the slow growth and long lifespan of the fish under this sterile and cold environment. Risk assessment revealed that the consumption of Oxygymnocypris stewartii,Schizothorax macropogon, Schizothorax waltoni, Schizopygopsis younghusbandi and Schizothorax o＇connori would lead to a high exposure to Me Hg.

关键词： Mercury Methylmercury Fish The Tibetan Plateau Trophic level Risk assessment

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Concentrations and distribution of novel brominated flame retardants in the atmosphere and soil of Ny-Alesund and London Island,Svalbard,Arctic

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第11期32卷 180-185页

作者： Yanfen Hao Wenying Meng Yingming Li Xu Han Huili Lu Pu Wang ruiqiang yang Qinghua Zhang Guibin Jiang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen 518055China

Novel brominated flame retardants(NBFRs)were investigated in Arctic air and soil samples collected from Ny-?lesund and London Island,Svalbard,during Chinese scientific research expeditions to the Arctic during 2014–*** concentrations of 9 NBFRs in the Arctic air and soil were 4.9–8.7 pg/m3(average 6.8 pg/m3)and 101–201 pg/g dw(average 150 pg/g dw),*** atmospheric concentration of hexabromobenzene(HBB)was significantly correlated with that of pentabromotoluene(PBT)and pentabromobenzene(PBBz),suggesting similar source and environmental fate in the Arctic *** significant spatial difference was observed among the different sampling sites,both for air and soil samples,indicating that the effects of the scientific research stations on the occurrence of NBFRs in the Arctic were *** fugacities from soil to air of pentabromoethylbenzene(PBEB),2,3-dibromopropyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether(DPTE),and decabromodiphenylethane 1,2-bis(pentabromophenyl)ethane(DBDPE)were lower than the equilibrium value,indicating a nonequilibrium state of these compounds between air and soil,the dominant impact of deposition and the net transport from air to *** correlation analysis between the measured and predicted soil-atmosphere coefficients based on the absorption model showed that the impact of the soil organic matter on the distribution of NBFRs in the Arctic region was *** the best of our knowledge,this work is one of the limited reports on atmospheric NBFRs in the Arctic and the first study to investigate the occurrence and fate of NBFRs in the Arctic soil.

关键词： Novel brominated flame retardants Arctic Soil Air Soil-atmosphere partitioning

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PM_(2.5)-bound polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs)in urban Beijing,China:Occurrence and the source implication

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第9期131卷 59-67页

作者： Peijie Zuo Chu Wang Zengwei Li Dawei Lu Hao Xian Huili Lu Yin Dong ruiqiang yang Yingming Li Zhiguo Pei Qinghua Zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China The People’s Hospital of Yuhuan Yuhuan 317600China School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China

Polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs)are recently raising much attention due to their toxicity and ubiquitous environmental ***,little knowledge is known about their ambient occurrences and the potential *** this study,we developed an analytical method based on GC-MS/MS to simultaneously determine 11 PHCZs in PM_(2.5) from urban Beijing,*** optimized method provided low method limit of quantifications(MLOQs,1.45–7.39 fg/m^(3))and satisfied recoveries(73.4%–109.5%).This method was applied to analyze the PHCZs in the outdoor PM_(2.5)(n=46)and fly ash(n=6)collected from 3 kinds of surrounding incinerator plants(steel plant,medical waste incinerator and domestic waste incinerator).The levels of Σ_(11)PHCZs in PM_(2.5) ranged from 0.117 to 5.54 pg/m^(3)(median 1.18 pg/m^(3)).3-chloro-9H-carbazole(3-CCZ),3-bromo-9H-carbazole(3-BCZ),and 3,6-dichloro-9Hcarbazole(36-CCZ)were the dominant compounds,accounting for 93%.3-CCZ and 3-BCZ were significantly higher in winter due to the high PM_(2.5) concentration,while 36-CCZ was higher in spring,which may be related to the resuspending of surface ***,the levels of11PHCZs in fly ash ranged from 338 to 6101 pg/g.3-CCZ,3-BCZ and 36-CCZ accounted for 86.0%.The congener profiles of PHCZs between fly ash and PM_(2.5) were highly similar,indicating that combustion process could be an important source of ambient *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first research providing the occurrences of PHCZs in outdoor PM_(2.5).

关键词： Polyhalogenated carbazoles PM_(2.5) GC-MS/MS Combustion source

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云南省树皮样品中多环芳烃和有机氯农药的浓度分布及来源解析

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环境化学 2016年第8期35卷 1601-1610页

作者：罗东霞杨瑞强环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室中国科学院生态环境研究中心北京100085

2012年8月于云南省采集了16个树皮样品,分析了其中多环芳烃和有机氯农药(包括六六六和滴滴涕)的浓度水平和分布特征.树皮中∑_(16)PAH的浓度范围为317—1194 ng·g^(-1),平均值为639 ng·g~^(-1);研究区域树皮中∑_4HCH和∑_6DDT的浓度... 详细信息

2012年8月于云南省采集了16个树皮样品,分析了其中多环芳烃和有机氯农药(包括六六六和滴滴涕)的浓度水平和分布特征.树皮中∑_(16)PAH的浓度范围为317—1194 ng·g^(-1),平均值为639 ng·g~^(-1);研究区域树皮中∑_4HCH和∑_6DDT的浓度分别为为0.10—3.86 ng·g^(-1)干重(平均值为1.10 ng·g^(-1)干重)和0.78—7.29 ng·g^(-1)干重(平均值为3.32 ng·g^(-1)干重),PAHs浓度是藏东南林芝地区的2—3倍,而有机氯农药的浓度低于藏东南林芝地区.树皮中脂肪可影响研究区域持久性有机污染物(Persistent organic pollutants,POPs)的分布,但影响不显著.同时HCHs、DDTs和2环及3环PAHs的浓度随海拔的升高而增加,呈典型的高山冷捕获效应;4环、5环和6环PAHs的浓度随着海拔的升高而降低,这可能是云南本地污染源影响所致.较低质量的PAHs(2—3环)是研究区域PAHs的重要组成部分,平均占总浓度的77%以上,说明研究区域受到污染物大气远距离传输的重要影响.PAHs特征单体比值表明,草、木材等生物质和煤炭燃料等的低温燃烧是研究区域PAHs的主要来源,同时较低的α/γ-HCH和较高的o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT比率表明,林丹和三氯杀螨醇的使用对研究区域树皮中有机氯农药的污染有一定的贡献.根据反向气团轨迹模型及PAHs和OCPs的浓度分布,推断研究区域的OCPs主要受印度季风和西风环流的影响,而PAHs是大气远距离传输源和云南本地污染源共同作用的结果.

关键词：云南有机氯农药多环芳烃树皮来源分析

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职务与职级并行背景下公安民警激励问题研究

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公安研究 2021年第6期 65-74页

作者：杨瑞强天津市公安局图侦技防总队

国家公务员职务与职级并行改革在全国公安队伍中广泛实施,大范围解决了民警的职级问题,有效提高了民警的待遇,广大民警明显感受到改革带来的红利,然而实施过程中也产生了职务与职级并行对公安民警激励作用不明显的问题。本文在梳理当前... 详细信息

国家公务员职务与职级并行改革在全国公安队伍中广泛实施,大范围解决了民警的职级问题,有效提高了民警的待遇,广大民警明显感受到改革带来的红利,然而实施过程中也产生了职务与职级并行对公安民警激励作用不明显的问题。本文在梳理当前公安民警职务与职级并行改革现状的基础上,对造成公安民警职务与职级并行激励存在的制度细化、公平性、目标偏离等问题存在的原因进行了分析,运用赫茨伯格双因素理论,从改善激励因素角度,对进一步增强职务与职级并行对公安民警的激励效果进行了研究。

关键词：职务与职级并行公安民警双因素理论

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偏远高山湖泊沉积物中持久性有机污染物的沉积记录研究

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环境化学 2014年第10期33卷 1791-1801页

作者：谢婷张淑娟杨瑞强中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室北京100085

持久性有机污染物(POPs)因具有半挥发性,可随大气长距离传输迁移到偏远的高山地区,对当地生态环境造成潜在威胁,因而POPs在这些地区的归趋及行为受到广泛关注.偏远高山地区环境中的POPs主要来源于大气沉降过程,湖芯能较好地保存大气污... 详细信息

持久性有机污染物(POPs)因具有半挥发性,可随大气长距离传输迁移到偏远的高山地区,对当地生态环境造成潜在威胁,因而POPs在这些地区的归趋及行为受到广泛关注.偏远高山地区环境中的POPs主要来源于大气沉降过程,湖芯能较好地保存大气污染物的沉降信息以及年代信息,被称为"天然档案室",常被用于研究污染物的沉降历史和演变规律.本文首先介绍了几种常用于湖芯定年的放射性核素定年方法,然后综述了不同区域高山湖芯中POPs的时空变化趋势以及影响因素,最后针对偏远高山沉积物研究存在的不足对未来研究提出了几点建议.

关键词：持久性有机污染物(POPs) 高山湖泊沉积物

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