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Unraveling the complex roles of macrophages in obese adipose tissue:an overview

Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第2期18卷 205-236页

作者： Chang Peng Jun Chen rui wu Haowen Jiang Jia Li Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310000China State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Department of Prosthodontics Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology&Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Ninth People’s HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200011China

Macrophages,a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells,exhibit remarkable plasticity and play pivotal roles in coordinating immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis within the context of metabolic diseases.The activation of inflammatory macrophages in obese adipose tissue leads to detrimental effects,inducing insulin resistance through increased inflammation,impaired thermogenesis,and adipose tissue fibrosis.Meanwhile,adipose tissue macrophages also play a beneficial role in maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis by regulating angiogenesis,facilitating the clearance of dead adipocytes,and promoting mitochondrial transfer.Exploring the heterogeneity of macrophages in obese adipose tissue is crucial for unraveling the pathogenesis of obesity and holds significant potential for targeted therapeutic interventions.Recently,the dual effects and some potential regulatory mechanisms of macrophages in adipose tissue have been elucidated using single-cell technology.In this review,we present a comprehensive overview of the intricate activation mechanisms and diverse functions of macrophages in adipose tissue during obesity,as well as explore the potential of drug delivery systems targeting macrophages,aiming to enhance the understanding of current regulatory mechanisms that may be potentially targeted for treating obesity or metabolic diseases.

关键词： obesity inflammation adipose tissue macrophages adipose tissue homeostasis

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Physiochemical and biological characteristics of fouling on landfill leachate treatment systems surface

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 59-71页

作者： Zhourui Gong Shu Yang rui Zhang Yangqing Wang Xiaoqing wu Liyan Song School of resources and environmental engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland Ecology National Long-term Scientific Research Base Dongzhi 247230China Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment Ministry of EducationChongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Xing Lu Huan Jing Co.LTD. Luzhou 646000China

Fouling of landfill leachate,a biofilm formation process on the surface of the collection system,migration pipeline and treatment system causes low efficiency of leachate transportation and treatment and increases cost for maintenance of those facilities.In addition,landfill leachate fouling might accumulate pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),posing threats to the environment.Characterization of the landfill leachate fouling and its associated environmental behavior is essential for the management of fouling.In this study,physicochemical and biological properties of landfill leachate fouling and the possible accumulation capacity of pathogens and ARGs were investigated in nitrification(aerobic condition)and denitrification(anaerobic condition)process during landfill leachate biological treatment,respectively.Results show that microbial(bacterial,archaeal,eukaryotic,and viral)community structure and function(carbon fixation,methanogenesis,nitrification and denitrification)differed in fouling under aerobic and anaerobic conditions,driven by the supplemental leachate water quality.Aerobic fouling had a higher abundance of nitrification and denitrification functional genes,while anaerobic fouling harbored a higher abundance of carbon fixation and methanogenesis genes.Both forms of leachate fouling had a higher abundance of pathogens and ARGs than the associated leachate,suggesting the accumulation capacity of fouling on biotic pollutants.Specifically,aerobic fouling harbored three orders of magnitude higher multidrug resistance genes mex D than its associated leachate.This finding provides fundamental knowledge on the biological properties of leachate fouling and suggests that leachate fouling might harbor significant pathogens and ARGs.

关键词： Landfill leachate fouling Biofilm Microbiome Carbon and nitrogen cycle Pathogens Antibiotic resistance genes

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Hydrothermal hydrogenation/deoxygenation of palmitic acid to alkanes over Ni/activated carbon catalyst

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chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第2期66卷 8-18页

作者： Min Lin Yuhao Yan Xiaoxian Li rui Li Yulong wu MOE Engineering Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

To produce paraffin from hydrogenation/deoxygenation of palmitic acid,model compound of bio-oil obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction(HTL)of microalgae has been an attractive focus in recent years.In order to avoid energy-intensive separation process of water and bio-oil,it is of importance that deoxygenation upgrading of fatty acids under hydrothermal conditions similar to HTL process.Herein,it is the first time to explore the application of activated carbon(AC)-supported non-noble-metal catalysts,such as Ni,Co,and Mo,and so on,in the hydrothermal hydrogenation/deoxygenation of long-chain fatty acids,and the obtained Ni/AC-H(the Ni/AC was further H_(2)pre-reduced)is one of the best catalysts.In addition,it is found that the catalytic activity can be further improved by H_(2)pre-reduction of catalyst.Characterization results that are more low valences of nickel and oxygen vacancy can be obtained after H_(2)pre-reduction,thus significant promoting the deoxygenation especially the decarbonylation pathway of fatty acids.The total alkanes yield can reaches 95.9%at optimal conditions(280℃,360 min).This work confirmed that the low-priced AC-supported non-noble-metal catalysts have great potential compared with the noble-metal catalyst,in hydrothermal upgrading of bio-oil.

关键词： Bio-oil Fatty acids Deoxygenation Hydrothermal upgrading

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Examination of two-phase behaviors in porous media during pool boiling

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Science china Technological Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1695-1713页

作者： ZHANG ZhiHao GUAN ShuYa wu rui ZHAO ChangYing School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

The enhancement of pool boiling heat transfer using porous media has been extensively studied. Although the two-phase distribution and evolution in porous media are crucial to the heat transfer performance, including the critical heat flux(CHF) and heat transfer coefficient(HTC), direct observation of the two-phase flow inside the media is limited owing to the blockage of the direct view from the porous structures. In this study, pool boiling visualization experiments were conducted on porous samples with different throat widths in deionized water. The results showed that the HTC increased with the throat width. Additionally,the growth-contraction cycle of the vapor region and the formation and drying of the wall liquid film inside the porous media were investigated. The vapor region, including the maximum and minimum areas in the boiling cycle, was quantitatively described. Furthermore, the relationship between the minimum gas-phase area and HTC peak was identified. A one-dimensional transient model was developed considering solid skeleton heat conduction, liquid film evaporation, and vapor region growth to quantitatively study the influence of heat flux on the internal two-phase flow. The model successfully captured the maximum gas-phase area, duration of boiling cycles, and HTC trends at specific heat fluxes. The results of this quantitative study provide insights into the internal two-phase distribution and evolution induced by pool boiling.

关键词： porous media two-phase behaviors pool boiling

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Application of surfactant for improving leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 181-190,I0007页

作者： Fang Zhou Lisen Zhang Zhiwei Wang Yixin Zhang Ru'an chi Xiaoyan wu Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan430073China

Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores(WREOs)in china are the main source of medium and heavy rare earths in the world.In order to improve the seepage and the mass transfer of traditional ammonium salt leaching process of WREOs,surfactants were added in the ammonium sulfate leaching solution and the ammonium chloride leaching solution.The leaching kinetics,the mass transfer process,and the adhesion work reduction factor calculated from the interfacial properties were studied to reveal the strengthening mechanism of surfactant.In the presence of the tested five surfactants,cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB),dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(DTAB),sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),sodium oleate and oleic acid,the permeability of WREOs is improved,the rare earth(RE)leaching efficiency increase and the impurity aluminum(Al)leaching efficiency decrease,indicating its promotional effect on the leaching process of WREOs.Furthermore,CTAB shows a better leaching enhancement,and the optimal addition dosage is 0.4 g/L for the two ammonium salt leaching agent systems.The kinetics analysis shows the internal diffusion controls model of RE and Al leaching process,and the leaching kinetics equations of RE and Al related to CTAB concentration were obtained for the two ammonium salt leaching systems.According to the chromatographic plate theory,the mass transfer efficiency of RE increases with the CTAB concentration increasing until 0.4 g/L,which confirms that the optimal CTAB addition is 0.4 g/L.Smaller adhesion work and adhesion work reduction factor indicate more favorable permeation as well as the leaching process.

关键词： Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores Surfactant Kinetics Mass transfer

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HSP110 aggravates ischemia-reperfusion injury after liver transplantation by promoting NF-κB pathway

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 344-352页

作者： Qing-Zhi Hu Zhen-rui Cao Wei-Xiong Zheng Min-Jie Zhao Jun-Hua Gong Cong Chen Zhong-Jun wu rui Tao Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 402760China Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China c Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010China

Background:Ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)poses a significant challenge to liver transplantation(LT).The underlying mechanism primarily involves overactivation of the immune system.Heat shock protein 110(HSP110)functions as a molecular chaperone that helps stabilize protein structures.Methods:An IRI model was established by performing LT on Sprague-Dawley rats,and HSP110 was silenced using siRNA.Hematoxylin-eosin staining,TUNEL,immunohistochemistry,ELISA and liver enzyme analysis were performed to assess IRI following LT.Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were conducted to investigate the pertinent molecular changes.Results:Our findings revealed a significant increase in the expression of HSP110 at both the mRNA and protein levels in the rat liver following LT(P<0.05).However,when rats were injected with siRNAHSP110,IRI subsequent to LT was notably reduced(P<0.05).Additionally,the levels of liver enzymes and inflammatory chemokines in rat serum were significantly reduced(P<0.05).Silencing HSP110 with siRNA resulted in a marked decrease in M1-type polarization of Kupffer cells in the liver and downregulated the NF-κB pathway in the liver(P<0.05).Conclusions:HSP110 in the liver promotes IRI after LT in rats by activating the NF-κB pathway and inducing M1-type polarization of Kupffer cells.Targeting HSP110 to prevent IRI after LT may represent a promising new approach for the treatment of LT-associated IRI.

关键词： Ischemia-reperfusion injury Liver transplantation Inflammation HSP110 Heat shock proteins NF-κB

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Development of antibody-drug conjugates in cancer:Overview and prospects

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Cancer Communications 2024年第1期44卷 3-22页

作者： Dan-Yun Ruan Hao-Xiang wu Qi Meng rui-Hua Xu Department of Clinical Research Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Department of Medical Oncology Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China

In recent years,remarkable breakthroughs have been reported on antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs),with 15 ADCs successfully entering the market over the past decade.This substantial development has positioned ADCs as one of the fastest-growing domains in the realm of anticancer drugs,demonstrating their efficacy in treating awide array of malignancies.Nonetheless,there is still an unmet clin-ical need forwider application,better efficacy,and fewer side effects of ADCs.An ADC generally comprises an antibody,a linker and a payload,and the combina-tion has profound effects on drug structure,pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy.Hence,optimization of the key components provides an opportunity to develop ADCs with higher potency and fewer side effects.In this review,we comprehen-sively reviewed the current development and the prospects of ADC,provided an analysis of marketed ADCs and the ongoing pipelines globally as well as in china,highlighted several ADC platforms and technologies specific to different pharmaceutical enterprises and biotech companies,and also discussed the new related technologies,possibility of next-generation ADCs and the directions of clinical research.

关键词： companies breakthrough payload

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Hybrid bonding of GaAs and Si wafers at low temperature by Ar plasma activation

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第4期45卷 69-75页

作者： rui Huang Zhiyong Wang Kai wu Hao Xu Qing Wang Yecai Guo School of Electronic and Information Engineering Wuxi UniversityWuxi 214105China Institute of Advanced Technology on Semiconductor Optics&Electronics Institute of Laser EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

High-quality bonding of 4-inch GaAs and Si is achieved using plasma-activated bonding technology.The influence of Ar plasma activation on surface morphology is discussed.When the annealing temperature is 300℃,the bonding strength reaches a maximum of 6.2 MPa.In addition,a thermal stress model for GaAs/Si wafers is established based on finite element analysis to obtain the distribution of equivalent stress and deformation variables at different temperatures.The shape varia-tion of the wafer is directly proportional to the annealing temperature.At an annealing temperature of 400℃,the maximum protrusion of 4 inches GaAs/Si wafers is 3.6 mm.The interface of GaAs/Si wafers is observed to be dense and defect-free using a transmission electron microscope.The characterization of interface elements by X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy indi-cates that the elements at the interface undergo mutual diffusion,which is beneficial for improving the bonding strength of the interface.There is an amorphous transition layer with a thickness of about 5 nm at the bonding interface.The preparation of Si-based GaAs heterojunctions can enrich the types of materials required for the development of integrated circuits,improve the performance of materials and devices,and promote the development of microelectronics technology.

关键词： plasma-activated bonding bonding strength thermal stress model mutual diffusion

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A stable one-point quadrature rule for three-dimensional numerical manifold method

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1401-1416页

作者： ZHANG Ning ZHENG Hong YANG Liang wu WenAn YUAN chi School of Civil Engineering Qinghai UniversityQinghai810016China Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering Ministry of EducationBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Faculty of Engineering China University of GeoscienceWuhan430074China

We present a numerically stable one-point quadrature rule for the stiffness matrix and mass matrix of the three-dimensional numerical manifold method(3D NMM).The rule simplifies the integration over irregularly shaped manifold elements and overcomes locking issues,and it does not cause spurious modes in modal analysis.The essential idea is to transfer the integral over a manifold element to a few moments to the element center,thereby deriving a one-point integration rule by the moments and making modifications to avoid locking issues.For the stiffness matrix,after the virtual work is decomposed into moments,higher-order moments are modified to overcome locking issues in nearly incompressible and bending-dominated conditions.For the mass matrix,the consistent and lumped types are derived by moments.In particular,the lumped type has the clear advantage of simplicity.The proposed method is naturally suitable for 3D NMM meshes automatically generated from a regular grid.Numerical tests justify the accuracy improvements and the stability of the proposed procedure.

关键词： three-dimensional numerical manifold method quadrature rule locking mass lumping

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Regulating the crystal phase of bismuth-based semiconductors for promoted photocatalytic performance

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Science china Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 1839-1864页

作者： Zhaohui wu Mei-chi Chong Shiying Zhang Junshan Li Yongfa Zhu Hunan Key Laboratory of Applied Environmental Photocatalysis Changsha UniversityChangsha410022China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Institute for Advanced Study Chengdu UniversityChengdu610106China

Numerous bismuth-based semiconductors(BBSs)with sophisticated and desirable structures used as photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic degradation of water organic contaminants have attracted considerable attention.However,regulating the crystal phases and phase transition of BBSs for promoted photocatalytic performance is ignored.Herein,the unique crystal structure and band structure features of each typical BBSs,and the vital roles on phase controlling of each phase were systematically presented based on the classification of BBSs.Notably,the critical factors for the phase transition of BBSs and intrinsic driving forces endowed by phases of BBSs for enhanced photocatalytic performance of organic contaminants removal were also elucidated.This review will provide systematical guidelines and horizons for regulating the crystal phase and phase transition of BBSs,promoting photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of organic contaminants.

关键词： bismuth-based semiconductors phase regulation photocatalytic performances organic contaminants

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