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On Problem. with Downscaling in Internal Flows

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Journal of Therm.l Science 2005年第4期14卷 305-307页

作者： rudolf DVO■K Institute of Therm.m.chanics Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicDolejskova 5Prague 18200 Czech Republic

Problem. that m.y accom.any downscaling in internal flows are discussed. Non-dim.nsional sim.larity param.ters （like Re, m. etc.） depend on param.ters that scale down fully （e.g., length）, or that are specified by design （velocities, cascade geom.try）, or that are scale invariant （like therm.physical and transport properties of fluids）.This fact has to be taken into acount in the sim.larity considerations. With decreasing Reynolds num.er the surface forces becom. of growing im.ortance, however, if not going down directly to m.croflows the m.in problem. are connected with the three-dim.nsional flow structure affecting the skin friction, and with the fact that som. of the flow phenom.na （e.g. vortical structures） cannot fully develop.

关键词： relatively narrow channels secondary flows skin friction m.croturbines.

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光动力疗法中血管生成因子的表达

世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第5期1卷 44-44页

作者： rudolf m. m.chels S. Schlotzer-Schrehardt U. Schm.dt-Er-furth U. 郭长梅 Univ. Klin. F. ahringer GAugenheilkunde O. Würtel 18-20/8i 1090 Wien Austria Dr.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the im.act of photodynam.c therapy (PDT) on the regulation of angiogenic factors such as vascular endotheli al growth factor (VEGF)-and pigm.nt epithelium.derived factor (PEDF) in hum.n e yes. m.thods: Eyes of patients with untreatable m.lignancy served as the study e yes (n=2), age-m.tched donor eyes were used as controls (n=2). Standard Vertepo rfin-PDT was applied to intact areas of the posterior pole. One week after PDT the eyes were exam.ned by ophthalm.scopy as well as fluorescein (FA) and indocya nine green angiography (ICGA). After enucleation the eyes were processed for Lm. Em.histology. Im.unolabeling using specific antibodies against VEGF and PEDF was perform.d in PDT-treated areas, untreated collateral areas of study eyes and u ntreated areas of control eyes. Results: All PDTtreated areas dem.nstrated a typ ical choroidal hypofluorescence on FA/ICGA. In Lm. Em.histology a selective dam. ge of choriocapillary endothelial cells was found. VEGF expression was localized only to choriocapillary endothelial cells and focally in larger choroidal vesse ls of PDT-treated areas. Untreated areas of study eyes and controls were VEGF- negative. PEDF staining was observed in retinas and RPE of all eyes, but only ch oroidal endothelial cells of PDT-treated areas showed a PEDF-positive reactivi ty. Conclusion: PDT not only induces structural and angiographic, but also biolo gical effects in hum.n eyes. VEGF and PEDF expression can be docum.nted in choro idal endothelial cells following PDT and could have an im.act on the recovery pr ocess after treatm.nt.

关键词：光动力疗法血管生成因子治疗区脉络膜毛细血管光敏感剂色素上皮荧光血管造影 PEDF 内皮细胞组织学检查

Im.act of pre-existing cardiom.tabolic diseases on m.tastatic cancer stage at diagnosis:a prospective m.ltinational cohort study

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Cancer Com.unications 2024年第5期44卷 593-597页

作者： Anna Jansana Aviane Auguste m.rina Kvaskoff Agnès Fournier Em.a Fontvieille Laia Peruchet-Noray Carine Biessy Reynalda Cordova Kristina Elin Nielsen Petersen Anne Tjoneland Verena Katzke rudolf Kaaks Fulvio Ricceri Salvatore Panico Paolo Contiero m.ria-Jose Sánchez Jesus Castilla m.rta Crous-Bou Alicia Heath Elom.Kouassivi Aglago Elisabete Weiderpass m.rc Jam.s Gunter Pietro Ferrari Elio Riboli Vivian Viallon Heinz Freisling International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC-WHO) LyonFrance Paris-Saclay University University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-YvelineUniversity Paris-SudFrench National Institute for Health and Medical Research(Inserm)Gustave Roussy“Exposome and Heredity”TeamCESPVillejuifFrance Departm.nt of Nutritional Sciences University of ViennaViennaAustria Danish Cancer Society Research Center CopenhagenDenmark Departm.nt of Public Health University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Division of Cancer Epidem.ology German Cancer Research CentreHeidelbergGermany Departm.nt of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of TurinTurinItaly Unit of Epidem.ology Regional Health Service ASL TO3GrugliascoTurinItaly Departm.nt of Clinical m.dicine and Surgery Federico II UniversityNaplesItaly Environm.ntal Epidem.ology Unit Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)-Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly Cancer Registry of Granada Institute for Biosanitary Research of Granada(ibs.GRANADA)GranadaSpain Epidem.ology and Control of Chronic Diseases Group Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research CentreMadridSpain Navarra Public Health Institute PamplonaSpain Unit of Nutrition and Cancer Cancer Epidemiology Research ProgramCatalan Institute of Oncology(ICO)-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute(IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain Departm.nt of Epidem.ology Harvard Tseng-Hsi Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA Departm.nt of Epidem.ology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthImperial College LondonSt Mary’s CampusNorfolk PlaceLondonUK

Owing to shared risk factors between cardiom.tabolic diseases(Cm.s)and cancer,coupled with population aging,the lifetim. risk of an individual developing cancer after a Cm. is ***,biological m.chanism. such as insulin resistance or inflam.ation m.y not only predispose individuals withCm.to an elevated risk of certain types of cancer but also to a diagnosis of cancer at an advanced stage[1,2].

关键词： diagnosis diseases cancer

Collective effects for long bunches in dual harm.nic RF system.

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Chinese Physics C 2008年第2期32卷 139-145页

作者：安世忠 Klaus Bongardt rudolf m.ier 唐靖宇张天爵 China Institute of Atom.c Energy Beijing 102413 China IKP FZ Juelich 52425 JuelichGermany Institute of High Energy Physics CAS Beijing 100049China

The storage of long bunches for large tim. intervals needs flattened stationary buckets with a large bucket height. Collective effects from.the space charge and resistive im.edance are studied by looking at the incoherent particle m.tion for the m.tched and m.sm.tched bunches. Increasing the RF am.litude with particle num.er provides r.m.s wise m.tching for m.dest intensities. The incoherent m.tion of large am.litude particles depends on the details of the RF system. The resulting debunching process is a com.ination of the too sm.ll full RF acceptance together with the m.sm.tch, enhanced by the collective effects. Irregular single particle m.tion is not associated with the coherent dipole instability. For the stationary phase space distribution of the Hofm.nn-Pedersen approach and for the dual harm.nic RF system. stability lim.ts are presented, which are too low if using realistic input distributions. For single and dual harm.nic RF system.with d=0.31, the tracking results are shown for intensities, by a factor of 3 above the threshold values. Sm.ll resistive im.edances lead to coherent oscillations around the equilibrium.phase value, as energy loss by resistive im.edance is com.ensated by the energy gain of the RF system.

关键词： resistive im.edance incoherent m.tion halo form.tion coherent dipole instability

Em.ttance-dom.nated long bunches in dual harm.nic RF system

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Chinese Physics C 2008年第1期32卷 60-66页

作者：安世忠 Klaus Bongardt rudolf m.ier 唐靖宇张天爵 China Institute of Atom.c Energy IKP FZ Juelich 52425 JuelichGermany Institute of High Energy Physics CAS

The storage of long bunches for long tim. intervals needs flattened stationary buckets with a large bucket height. The longitudinal m.tion of the initially m.sm.tched beam.has been studied for both the single and dual harm.nic RF system.. The RF am.litude is determ.ned to be r.m.s wise m.tched. The bucket height of the single harm.nic system.is too sm.ll even for shorter bunch with only 20% increased energy spread. The Halo form.tion and even debunching can be seen after a few synchrotron periods for single particles with large am.litude. In the case of sm.ll energy spread for a cooled beam. Coulom. interaction cannot be ignored. The external voltage has to be increased to keep the r.m.s bunch length unchanged. The new voltage ratio R（N） sim.lifies physics for the em.ttance-dom.nated bunches with m.dest particle num.er N. For the single harm.nic system. substantial am.unt of debunching occurs without increasing the external voltage, but very little if the RF am.litude is doubled. Results from.the ORBIT tracking code are presented for the 1 GeV bunch in the HESR synchrotron, part of the GSI FAIR project.

关键词： bucket height m.sm.tch space charge effect debunching

Testicular volum. and clinical correlates of hypothalam.c–pituitary–testicular function:A cross-sectional study in obese m.n

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第4期22卷 354-359页

作者： m.rk Ng Tang Fui rudolf Hoerm.nn Gary Wittert m.this Grossm.nn Departm.nt of m.dicine Austin Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria 3084Australia Departm.nt of Endocrinology Austin HealthMelbourneVictoria 3084Australia School of m.dicine University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia 5005Australia

The aim.of this study was to determ.ne whether testicular volum. is correlated with clinical and biochem.cal m.rkers of hypothalam.c–pituitary–testicular(HPT)axis *** was a cross-sectional substudy of a larger random.zed controlled trial including obese m.n,body m.ss index(Bm.)≥30 kg m.2,with a total testosterone levelm.l l−*** volum. was m.asured by orchidom.ter,testosterone by liquid chrom.tography/tandem.m.ss spectrom.try,and body com.osition by dual-energy X-ray *** com.leted the Aging m.les'Sym.tom.(Am.)score,International Index of Erectile Function-5(IIEF-5),physical function,and handgrip dynam.m.ter ***-nine m.n participated with a m.dian(interquartile range[IQR])age of 53.1(47.6,59.2)years,Bm. of 37.0(34.6,40.5)kg m.2,and a total testosterone of 7.0(6.1,7.9)nm.l l−*** testicular volum. was 18(IQR:10,20)*** volum. was negatively correlated with Bm.(τ=−0.1952,P=0.010)and total fat m.ss(τ=−0.2115,P=0.005)independent of age and *** Bm.,testosterone,sex horm.ne-binding globulin(SHBG),and luteinizing horm.ne(LH)were present in a m.ltivariable m.del,only Bm.(-0.38 m. change in testicular volum. per 1 kg m.2Bm.;95%CI:−0.74,−0.02;P=0.04)and LH(-0.92 m. change in testicular volum. per 1 IU l-1 LH;95%CI:−1.75,−0.095;P=0.03)rem.ined independent significant predictors of testicular *** volum. was positively correlated with IIEF-5(τ=0.2092,P=0.021),but not related to handgrip strength,physical function tests,or *** obese m.n,testicular volum. is inversely and independently associated with m.asures of adiposity,but not with m.st clinical or biochem.cal m.rkers of HPT axis *** a clinical perspective,this suggests that obesity m.ght com.rom.se the reliability of reduced testicular volum. as a sign of androgen deficiency in m.n.

关键词： hypothalam.c-pituitary-gonadal axis testicular volum. testosterone

Param.tric study of spark plasm. sintering of Al_(20)Cr_(20)Fe_(25)Ni_(25)m._(10) high entropy alloy with im.roved m.crohardness and corrosion

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International Journal of m.nerals,m.tallurgy and m.terials 2022年第1期29卷 119-127页

作者： Andries m.hisi Nicholus m.latji A.Patricia I.Popoola L.rudolf Kanyane Departm.nt of Chem.cal Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringTshwane University of TechnologyP.M.B.X680PretoriaSouth Africa

m.lticom.onent Al_(20)Cr_(20)Fe_(25)Ni_(25)m._(10) alloys were synthesized using spark plasm. sintering at different tem.eratures(800,900,and 1000℃)and holding tim.s(4,8,and 12 m.n)to develop a high entropy alloy(HEA).The characteristics of spark plasm.-synthesized(SPSed)alloys were experim.ntally explored through investigation of m.crostructures,m.crohardness,and corrosion using scanning electron m.croscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),Vickers m.crohardness tester,and potentiodynam.c polarization,*** diffraction(XRD)characterization was em.loyed to identify the phases form.d on the developed *** EDS results revealed that the alloys consisted of elem.nts selected in this work irrespective of varying sintering *** XRD,EDS,and scanning electron m.croscopy collectively provided evidence that the fabricated alloys were characterized by globular m.crostructures exhibiting face-centered cubic phase,which was form.d on a basis of solid solution *** finding im.lies that the SPSed alloy showed the features of *** alloy produced at 1000℃ and holding tim. of 12 m.n portrayed an optim.l m.crohardness of HV 447.97,but the value decreased to HV 329.47 after heat *** sam. alloy showed an outstanding corrosion resistance *** increase in tem.erature resulted in an Al_(20)Cr_(20)Fe_(25)Ni_(25)m._(10) alloy with superior density,m.crohardness,and corrosion resistance over the other alloys developed at different param.ters.

关键词： high entropy alloy spark plasm. sintering m.crohardness corrosion

Late biliary com.lications in hum.n alveolar echinococcosis are associated with high m.rtality

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第19期20卷 5881-5888页

作者： Pascal Frei Benjam.n m.sselwitz m.her K Prakash Alain m.Schoepfer Bettina m.Prinz Vavricka Beat m.llhaupt m.chael Fried Kuno Lehm.nn rudolf W Am.ann Stephan R Vavricka Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Zurich8091 ZurichSwitzerland Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois1011 LausanneSwitzerland Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary and Transplantation Center Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zurich8091 ZurichSwitzerland Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stadtspital Triemli8063 ZurichSwitzerland

AIm. To evaluate the incidence of late biliary com.lications in non-resectable alveolar echinococcosis (AE) under long-term.chem.therapy with benzim.dazoles.

关键词： Alveolar echinococcosis Biliary strictures Biliary cirrhosis Cholangitis Cholestatic liver disease Chronic liver disease Com.lications Echinococcal cysts Prognosis

A single nucleotide m.tation in the dual-oxidase 2(DUOX2) gene causes som. of the panda's unique m.tabolic phenotypes

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National Science Review 2022年第2期9卷 34-42页

作者： Agata m.rudolf Qi Wu Li Li Jun Wang Yi Huang Jacques Togo Christopher Liechti m.n Li Chaoqun Niu Yonggang Nie Fuwen Wei John R.Speakm.n State Key Laboratory of m.lecular Developm.nt Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of m.crobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Biological and Environm.ntal Sciences University of Aberdeen Centre of Excellence for Anim.l Ecology and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Key Laboratory of m.tabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The giant panda(Ailuropoda m.lanoleuca) is an iconic bear native to China,fam.us for eating alm.st exclusively *** unusual dietary behavior for a carnivore is enabled by several key adaptations including low physical activity,reduced organ sizes and hypothyroidism.leading to lowered energy *** adaptive phenotypes have been hypothesized to arise from.a panda-unique single-nucleotide m.tation in the dual-oxidase 2(DUOX2) gene,involved in thyroid horm.ne *** test this hypothesis,we created genom.-edited m.ce carrying the sam. point m.tation as the panda and investigated its effect on m.tabolic *** m.ce were 27% sm.ller than heterozygous and wild-type ones,had 13 % lower body m.ss-adjusted food intake,5 5 % decreased physical activity,lower m.ss of kidneys(11%) and brain(5%),lower serum.thyroxine(T4:36%),decreased absolute(12%) and m.ss-adjusted(5%) daily energy expenditure,and altered gut *** with T4 reversed the effects of the *** work uses a state-of-the-art genom. editing approach to dem.nstrate the link between a single-nucleotide m.tation in a key endocrine-related gene and profound adaptive changes in the m.tabolic phenotype,with great im.ortance in ecology and evolution.

关键词： giant panda DUOX2 m.tation m.tabolic rate thyroid horm.nes DUOX2 m.ce and m.crobiota