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Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt M.gyrdymov S.Zähter P.Tavana M.M.günther N.Bukharskii N.Borisenko J.Jacoby X.F.Shen A.Pukhov N.e.Andreev O.N.Rosmej Faculty of electrical engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic g.e.he University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany gSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung gmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused energy gmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany National Research Nuclear University MePhI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev Physical Institute RAS Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and mag.e.ic fields. In anexperiment at the PHeLIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times hig.e. than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 MeV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenerg.e. >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an FWHM of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

Animal models of hepatitis e infection: Advances and challenges

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第2期23卷 171-180页

作者： Ze Xiang Xiang-Lin He Chuan-Wu Zhu Jia-Jia Yang Lan Huang Chun Jiang Jian Wu Chinese Consortium for the Study of Hepatitis e(CCSHe) Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310030China Department of Infectious Diseases The Fifth People’s Hospital of SuzhouSuzhou 215007China Department of Infection Management The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou Municipal HospitalGusu SchoolNanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215008China Department of Clinical Laboratory The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou Municipal HospitalGusu SchoolNanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215008China 不详

Hepatitis e virus(HeV)is one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis *** most of HeV infections are asymptomatic,some patients will develop the symptoms,especially pregnant women,the elderly,and patients with preexisting liver diseases,who often experience anorexia,nausea,vom-iting,malaise,abdominal pain,and *** infection may become chronic in immunosuppressed *** addition,HeV infection can also cause several extrahepatic *** exists in a wide range of hosts in nature and can be transmitted across ***,animals susceptible to HeV can be used as *** establishment of animal models is of g.e.t significance for studying HeV transmission,clinical symptoms,extrahepatic manifestations,and therapeutic strateg.e.,which will help us understand the pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment of hepatitis *** review summarized the animal models of HeV,including pigs,monkeys,rabbits,mice,rats,and other *** each animal species,we provided a concise summary of the HeV genotypes that they can be infected with,the cross-species transmission pathways,as well as their role in studying.e.trahepatic manifestations,prevention,and treatment of HeV *** advantages and disadvantages of these animal models were also *** review offers new perspectives to enhance the current understanding of the research landscape surrounding HeV animal models.

关键词： Hepatitis e virus Animal models Pathogenesis Prevention Treatment

Targeting.e.idermal growth factor receptor signaling to facilitate cortical injury repair?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 935-936页

作者： Ricardo gómez-Oliva Pedro Nunez-Abades Carmen Castro Área de Fisiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de CádizCadizSpain Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Biomedicina de Cádiz CadizSpain Departamento de Fisiología Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de SevillaSevilleSpain

The existence of neural stem cells(NSC)in specific areas of the adult mammalian brain leads to the generation of new neurons involved in homeostatic *** is the case of the NSC of the subventricular zone(SVZ)that produces olfactory bulb(OB)*** neurons integrate into circuits to modulate sensory information and participate in olfactory processing(Bragado Alonso et al.,2019).A series of hierarchical events need to take place to produce OB neurons from NSC of the ***,the activation of quiescent NSC is necessary to produce intermediate transit amplifying progenitors(TAP),which will generate *** latter are cells that maintain a proliferative phenotype while in an immature ***,once they initiate migration toward the OB,they prog.e.sively undergo their differentiation into neurons(Kjell et al.,2020).

关键词： ventricular maintain

2024 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities:An update of activity codes and energy expenditure values

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 18-23页

作者： Scott A.Conger Stephen D.Herrmann erik A.Willis Tom e.Nightingale Joseph R.Sherman Barbara e.Ainsworth Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham AL B152TTUK Centre for Trauma Sciences Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham AL B152TTUK College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Purpose:This paper presents an update of the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities desig.e. for wheelchair users and is referred to as the 2024 Wheelchair *** Wheelchair Compendium aims to curate existing knowledge of the energy expenditure for wheelchair physical activities(PAs).Methods:A systematic review of the published energy expenditure of PA for wheelchair users was completed between 2011 and May *** added these data to the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium data that was compiled previously in a systematic review through ***:A total of 47 studies were included,and 124 different wheelchair PA reported energy expenditure values ranging from 0.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(filing papers,light effort)to 11.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(Nordic sit skiing).Conclusion:In introducing the updated 2024 Wheelchair Compendium,we hope to bridge the resource gap and challenge the prevailing narratives that inadvertently exclude wheelchair users from physical fitness and health PAs.

关键词： Disability exercise MeT Mobility

Jigsaw-Sketch: a fast and accurate algorithm for finding top-k elephant flows in high-speed networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 113-130页

作者： Boyu ZHANg He HUANg Yu-e SUN Yang DU Dan WANg School of Computer Science and Technology Soochow University School of Rail Transportation Soochow University

Finding top-k elephant flows in high-speed networks is one of the most fundamental network measurement tasks. It is more challenging than per-flow size estimation since the IDs and sizes of top-k flows must be tracked simultaneously. Most existing studies only record the IDs of a small number of elephant flows to fit their estimators in the extremely limited high-speed on-chip memory. However, these solutions need too many memory accesses when a packet arrives to track the elephant flows with high accuracy, which limits their practicability. Therefore, this paper proposes Jigsaw-Sketch, a new algorithm to find the top-k elephant flows with much fewer memory accesses while achieving high memory efficiency and accuracy. In this design, we propose a novel two-stage jigsaw storage scheme, which can capture the candidate top-k flows from massive network steams efficiently, and further find the top-k elephant flows with high memory efficiency and only a few memory accesses for each packet. extensive experimental results based on real network traces show that Jigsaw-Sketch improves the packet processing throughput by at least 86%, while achieving smaller memory footprints and hig.e. accuracy compared to the SOTA.

关键词： sketch top-$k$ network measurement elephant flow high-speed networks

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Mitochondrial recruitment in myelin:an anchor for myelin dynamics and plasticity?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1401-1402页

作者： Jean-David M.gothié Timothy e.Kennedy Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada

Optimal propagation of neuronal electrical impulses depends on the insulation of axons by myelin,produced in the central nervous system by *** is an extension of the oligodendrocyte plasma membrane,which wraps around an axon to form a compact multi-layered *** is composed of a substantially hig.e. proportion of lipids compared to other biological membranes and enriched in a small number of specialized proteins.

关键词： plasticity insulation dynamics

New insights into the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in microglia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1397-1398页

作者： Veronika e.Neubrand M.Rosario Sepúlveda Department of Cell Biology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain

Microglial cells are the only resident immune cells in the central nervous system and constitute its frontline *** are extremely reactive against infections,trauma,or toxins,but are also responsible for mediating inflammation,taking part in the pathogenic course of many neuropatholog.e.(Sierra et al.,2019).Cell-specific staining,ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy(TeM),or two-photonmicroscopy imaging have been relevant for the characterization of microglia as well as their cell-cell interactions。

关键词： inflammation reticulum

enhanced quantum resources via two distant atom-cavity systems under the influence of atomic dissipation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第2期76卷 62-73页

作者： M Setodeh Kheirabady M K Tavassoly M Rafeie e ghasemian Laser and Optics group Faculty of PhysicsYazd UniversityYazd 89195-741Iran Department of electrical engineering Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data SciencePersian Gulf UniversityBushehrIran

Quantum resources such as entang.e.ent and coherence are the holy grail for modern quantum technolog.e.. Although the unwanted environmental effects tackle quantum information processing tasks, suprisingly these key quantum resources may be protected and even enhanced by the implementation of some special hybrid open quantum systems. Here, we aim to show how a dissipative atom-cavity-system can be accomplished to generate enhanced quantum *** do so, we consider a couple of dissipative cavities, where each one contains two effective two-level atoms interacting with a sing.e.mode cavity field. In practical applications, a classical laser field may be applied to drive each atomic subsystem. After driving the system, a Bell-state measurement is performed on the output of the system to quantify the entang.e.ent and coherence. The obtained results reveal that the remote entang.e.ent and coherence between the atoms existing inside the two distant cavities are not only enhanced, but can be stabilized, even under the action of dissipation. In contrast, the local entang.e.ent between two atoms inside each dissipative cavity attenuates due to the presence of unwanted environmental ***, the local coherence may show the same behavior as the remote ***, the system provides the steady state entang.e.ent in various interaction regimes,particularly in the strong atom-cavity coupling and with relatively large detuning. More interestingly, our numerical analyses demonstrate that the system may show a memory effect due to the fact that the death and revival of the entang.e.ent take place during the interaction. Our proposed model may find potential applications for the implementation of long distance quantum networks. In particular, it facilitates the distribution of quantum resources between the nodes of large-scale quantum networks for secure communication.

关键词： remote entang.e.ent and coherence atomic dissipation steady state entang.e.ent Bell-statemeasurement

evaluation of the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete structures with flat slab-column gravity frame and shear walls through nonlinear analysis methods

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earthquake engineering and engineering Vibration 2024年第3期23卷 713-726页

作者： M.A.Najafgholipour S.Heidarian Radbakhsh e.erfani Department of Civil and environmental engineering Shiraz University of TechnologyShiraz ***Iran Department of Building Civiland Environmental EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontréal H3G 1M8Canada

This paper presents an investigation of the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete(RC)structures in which shear walls are the main lateral load-resisting.e.ements and the participation of flat slab floor systems is not considered in the seismic design *** this regard,the behavior of six prototype structures(with different heights and plan layouts)is investigated through nonlinear static and time history analyses,implemented in the OpenSees *** results of the analyses are presented in terms of the behavior of the slab-column connections and their mode of failure at different loading ***,the global response of the buildings is discussed in terms of some parameters,such as lateral overstrength due to the gravity flat slab-column *** to the nonlinear static analyses,in structures in which the slab-column connections were desig.e. only for gravity loads,the slab-column connections exhibited a punching mode of failure even in the early stages of ***,the punching failure was eliminated in structures in which a minimum transverse reinforcement recommended in ACI 318(2019)was provided in the slabs at joint ***,despite neg.e.ting the contribution of gravity flat slab-column frames in the lateral load resistance of the structures,a relatively significant overstrength was imposed on the structures by the gravity frames.

关键词： RC flat slab-column frames seismic behavior nonlinear analysis time history analysis