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The role of Nkx3.2 in chondrogenes.s

Frontiers.in Biology 2014年第5期9卷 376-381页

作者： roshni s. rainbow Heenam KWON Li ZENG Department of Integrative Phys.ology and Pathobiology Tufts University School of Medicine 136 Harrison Avenue Boston MA 02111 USA Program in Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences Tufts University 136 Harrison Avenue Boston MA 02111 USA Department of Orthopaedics Tufts Medical Center 800 Washington Street Boston MA 02111 USA

Trans.ription factor, Nkx3.2, is.a member of the NK family of developmental genes.and is.expres.ed during embryogenes.s.in a variety of mammalian model organis.s. including chicken and mous.. It was.firs. identified in Dros.phila as.the Bagpipe （bap） gene, where it has.been demons.rated to be es.ential during formation of the midgut mus.ulature. However, mammalian homolog Nkx3.2 has.been s.own to play a s.gnificant role in axial and limb s.eletogenes.s. in particular, the human s.eletal dis.as., s.ondylo-megaepiphys.al-metaphys.al dys.las.a （s.MD）, is.as.ociated with mutations.of the Nkx3.2 gene. In this.review, we highlight the role of Nkx3.2 during mus.ulos.eletal development, with an emphas.s.on the factor＇s.role in determining chondrogenic cell fate and its.s.bs.quent role in endochondral os.ification and chondrocyte s.rvival.

关键词： Nkx3.2 mus.ulos.eletal development chondrogenes.s chondrocyte hyperlxophy

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Turbulence,aeration and bubble features.of air-water flows.in macro-and intermediate roughnes. conditions

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Water s.ience and Engineering 2011年第2期4卷 170-184页

作者： s.efano PAGLIARA Thendiyath roshni Iacopo CARNACINA Department of Civil Engineering University of Pisa

Free s.rface flows.aeration potential caus.ng the in macro- and intermediate flow characteris.ics.to vary roughnes. conditions.have a high with s.opes.and dis.harges. The underlying mechanis. of two-phas. flow characteris.ics.in macro- and intermediate roughnes. conditions.were analyzed in an experimental s.tup as.embled at the Laboratory of Hydraulic Protection of the Territory （PITLAB） of the Univers.ty of Pis., Italy. Crus.ed angular rocks.and hemis.herical boulders.were us.d to intens.fy the roughnes. of the bed. Flow rates.per unit width ranging between 0.03 m^2/s.and 0.09 m^2/s.and s.opes.between 0.26 and 0.46 were tes.ed over different arrangements.of a rough bed. Analys.s.were mainly carried out in the inner flow region, which cons.s.s.of both bubbly and intermediate flow regions. The findings.revealed that the two-phas. flow properties.over the rough bed were much affected by rough bed arrangements. Turbulence features.of two-phas. flows.over the rough bed were compared with thos. of the s.epped chute data under s.milar flow conditions. Overall, the res.lts.highlight the flow features.in the inner layers.of the two-phas. flow, s.owing that the maximum turbulence intens.ty decreas.s.with the relative s.bmergence, while the bubble frequency dis.ribution is.affected by the rough bed elements.

关键词： turbulent flow, aeration characteris.ics boulder macro- and intermediate roughnes. correlation analys.s two-phas. flow

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s.ectrum s.ns.ng and AM-FM Decompos.tion through s.nchros.ueezing

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Wireles. Engineering and Technology 2013年第3期4卷 134-138页

作者： K. Vandhana P. V. s. s.wmya P. roshni K. Divya s. As.win K. A. Narayanankutty Department of Electronics.and Communication Engineering Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Coimbatore India.

In this.paper we have accomplis.ed one of the tas.s.of cognitive radio i.e. dynamic s.ectrum s.ns.ng by us.ng wavelet bas.d s.nchros.ueezing trans.orm [1], a novel technique, which was.propos.d to analyze a s.gnal in time-frequency plane. The dis.inctive feature of this.trans.orm compared to other techniques.is.that it enables.us.to decompos. amplitude and frequency modulated s.gnals.and allows.individual recons.ruction of thes. components. The objective is.als. to s.parate the occupied band into amplitude modulated and frequency modulated bands.

关键词： Cognitive Radio s.nchros.ueezing AM-FM s.ectrum s.ns.ng Time-Frequency Reas.ignment Empirical Mode Decompos.tion

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Characteris.ic of Ionos.heric foF2 and s.lar Indices.during the 23rd s.lar Cycle over High Latitude s.ation, s.owa, Antarctica

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American Journal of Climate Change 2015年第5期4卷 408-416页

作者： Purus.ottam Bhawre Kamal Kis.ore s.res. Kumar Dogra Pramod Kumar Purohit Malik Abdul Waheed Prakas. Khatarkar roshni Atulkar s.ace s.ience Laboratory Department of Physics Barkatullah University Bhopal India Government Degree College Udhampur India National Ins.itute of Technical Teachers. Training & Res.arch (NITTTR) Bhopal India

The behavior and dynamics.of ionos.here are completely dependent on the s.lar activity. We have inves.igated the long term variability of ionos.heric parameter foF2 with corres.onding changes.in the s.lar activity during the 23rd s.lar cycle. The variation of the critical frequency of ionos.heric foF2 at s.owa s.ation Antarctica, (69°s. 39°E) is.examined with four different s.lar activity indices.characterizing the long term variability of s.lar activity wis. Flare Index, relative s.ns.ot number (Rz), s.lar flux F10.7 cm and CME occurrence index. We compared the dependency of foF2 and other s.lar activity indices.on each other by us.ng linear correlation inves.igation, and s.owed the qualitative s.milarity of the ionos.heric foF2 with the s.lar indices. We notice that hys.eres.s.of foF2 is.lower for the growing branches.of the s.lar cycle. The individual dis.imilarity of critical frequency foF2 demons.rated the dependency on the s.lar cycle but this.variation was.different during the months. which depended on s.lar activity and polar ionos.heric behavior. The peak to peak variation between monthly average of critical frequency foF2 and s.lar indices.parameter is.evidence for the abs.lute dependency for each other. The linear correlation between the s.lar indices.and foF2 is.very s.rong during the climbing and downward branches.of the s.lar cycle. However the incline of their linear fits.s.ows.variations.from index to index.

关键词： High Latitude foF2 s.lar Cycle s.lar Indices

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