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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第5期4卷 1105-1115页

作者： Edak A. Uyoh Peter N. Chukwurah roseline C. Akarika Victoria A. Antia Department of Genetics and Biotechnology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria.

Two commonly consumed spices in Nigeria—Piper nigrum (leaf and seed) and Monodora myristica (seed) were evaluated for natural antioxidant potentials in complementary in vitro assay systems. Extracts of the tested plant parts contained low amounts of antioxidant compounds: 4.00 - 6.65 μg GAE/mg and 2.50 - 10.38 μg RE/mg for phenols and flavonoids respectively. The extracts scavenged DPPH and hydroxyl radicals in the range of 4.32% - 37.37% (inferior to ascorbic acid and gallic acid used as standards) and 6.43% - 17.10% respectively. In the reducing power and phosphomolybdenum assays, the extracts showed ability to reduce Fe (III) and Mo (VI) ions to their lower valence states of Fe (II) and Mo (V) respectively, although these activities were inferior to those of the standards used. Comparatively, Monodora myristica seed extract was superior to Piper nigrum leaf and seed extracts in antioxidant potential, but all the extracts generally showed dose-dependent antioxidant activities. Evidently, the studied spice plants are not without some natural antioxidant capacity and would contribute appreciably in combating free radical damages when consumed.

关键词： Antioxidant Piper nigrum Monodora myristica Spices Free Radicals

Sustainable strategies for Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness in Africa:a case study on lessons learnt in countries neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第6期11卷 60-69页

作者： Caroline S.Ryan Marie‑roseline D.Belizaire Miriam Nanyunja Olushayo Oluseun Olu Yahaya Ali Ahmed Anderson Latt Matthew Tut Kol Bertrand Bamuleke Jayne Tusiime Nadia Nsabimbona Ishata Conteh Shamiso Nyashanu Patrick Otim Ramadan Solomon Fisseha Woldetsadik Jean‑Pierre Mulunda Nkata Jim T.Ntwari Senya D.Nzeyimana Leopold Ouedraogo Georges Batona Vedaste Ndahindwa Elizabeth A.Mgamb Magdalene Armah Joseph Francis Wamala Argata Guracha Guyo Alex Yao Sokemawu Freeman Alexander Chimbaru Innocent Komakech Muhau Kuku Walter M.Firmino Grace E.Saguti Faraja Msemwa Shikanga O‑Tipo Precious C.Kalubula Ngoy Nsenga Ambrose Otau Talisuna WHO Sub-Regional Ofce for Africa NairobiKenya WHO Country Ofce BanguiCentral African Republic WHO Country Ofce JubaSouth Sudan WHO Regional Ofce for Africa BrazzavilleCongo WHO Sub-Regional Ofce for Africa DakarSenegal Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Addis AbabaEthiopia WHO Country Ofce BrazzavilleCongo WHO Coun‑try Ofce BujumburaBurundi WHO Country Ofce AsmaraEritrea WHO Country Ofce KigaliRwanda WHO Country Ofce KampalaUganda WHO Country Ofce LuandaAngola WHO Country Ofce Dar Es SalaamTanzania WHO Country Ofce LusakaZambia

Background: From May 2018 to September 2022, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced seven Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks within its borders. During the 10th EVD outbreak (2018–2020), the largest experienced in the DRC and the second largest and most prolonged EVD outbreak recorded globally, a WHO risk assessment identified nine countries bordering the DRC as moderate to high risk from cross border importation. These countries implemented varying levels of Ebola virus disease preparedness interventions. This case study highlights the gains and shortfalls with the Ebola virus disease preparedness interventions within the various contexts of these countries against the background of a renewed and growing commitment for global epidemic preparedness highlighted during recent World Health Assembly *** text: Several positive impacts from preparedness support to countries bordering the affected provinces in the DRC were identified, including development of sustained capacities which were leveraged upon to respond to the subsequent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Shortfalls such as lost opportunities for operationalizing cross-border regional preparedness collaboration and better integration of multidisciplinary perspectives, vertical approaches to response pillars such as surveillance, over dependence on external support and duplication of efforts especially in areas of capacity building were also identified. A recurrent theme that emerged from this case study is the propensity towards implementing short-term interventions during active Ebola virus disease outbreaks for preparedness rather than sustainable investment into strengthening systems for improved health security in alignment with IHR obligations, the Sustainable Development Goals and advocating global policy for addressing the larger structural determinants underscoring these ***: Despite several international frameworks established at the global level for e

关键词： Ebola virus disease Emergency preparedness and response Lessons learned Case study International Health Regulations Democratic Republic of the Congo

Evaluation of the Purification Performance of the Kossodo Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ouagadougou

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第12期12卷 1128-1143页

作者： Bienvenue Joceline Sawadogo Martine Kone Rose Yamma Stéphane Nonet Philippe Walhain roseline Kabore Toltama Sanou Théodore Nana Amado Ouedraogo H. Arsène Yonli National Centre for Scientific and Technological Research (NCSTR) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso UFR/SEA Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Research and Expertise Center for Water (CEBEDEAU) Liege Belgium University of Liege-Start Tilman Liege Belgium National Office of Water and Sanitation (NOWS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The efficiency of a wastewater treatment system is classically measured by the quality of its discharge into the aquatic environment. This quality can only be achieved if certain aspects are taken into account, such as the design and operation of the system in place. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the purification performance of this system after 17 years of operation. It should be noted that the lagoon plant (WWTP) has a total of eight basins, three of which are anaerobic (ANA). The evaluation of the physicochemical and microbiological parameters in the anaerobic basins and in the maturation basins allowed us to note slightly basic pH values in the maturation basins (8.7 to 9.2) against values from 6.8 to 7.4 in the anaerobic basins. Also, the values in terms of organic and bacteriological pollution have also evolved. For COD and BOD5, we obtained respectively abatements of more than 73% for filtered COD, 55% for gross COD and 81% for BOD5 even if the residual concentrations do not respect the standards of wastewater discharge in our country. Also, the residual concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in the output effluents (on average 12.43 mg/L), do not meet the standard of discharge into surface waters of Burkina Faso (1.29 mg/L). Thus, nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus pollution have average abatement rates of 31% and 27% respectively. In sum, we can say that the lagoon system set up does not meet the requirements in terms of quality of discharges, which remains an environmental problem for the receiving environment.

关键词： Mixed Wastewater Natural Lagooning Nitrogen Phosphorus

Major hotspots detected along the Scotia Ridge in autumn for southern right whales Eubalaena australis, Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella and Antarctic prions Pachyptila desolata

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Advances in Polar Science 2015年第4期26卷 282-291页

作者： Claude R.Joiris Grant R.W.Humphries Diederik D'Hert René-Marie Lafontaine Henri Robert roseline C.Beudels-Jamar Laboratory for Polar Ecology (PolE) Conservation Biology Unit Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences Department of Ecology and Evolution. Stony Brook University

We investigated the role of hydrological features, such as water masses, fronts, eddies, and sea ice, in affecting the distribution of upper trophic level species in the Scotia Sea region during autumn. On board RV Polarstern, we performed 365 30-min strip transects recording seabirds and marine mammals along the North Scotia Ridge and the South Sandwich Trench in March--April 2013. Among the 7 identified cetacean species recorded, the humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae was the most abundant baleen whale （40 individuals）, and noteworthy were sightings of six southern right whales Eubalaena australis. Pinnipeds （3 species, 1650 individuals） were dominated by Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella （99%）, and seabirds （36 species, 18900 individuals） by Antarctic prion Pachyptila desolata （-50%）. The distribution of these top predators was highly patchy with the majority of observations concentrated in a few counts. This heterogeneity is likely a result of prey availability, and we discuss how hydrological features may have caused the patchiness.

关键词： Scotia Sea Scotia Ridge Scotia Trench seabirds & marine mammals southern right whale Antarcticfur seal Antarctic prion

Contribution of Automated Antigen Tests, the LumiraDx Ag Test in the Response during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangui

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2023年第4期11卷 173-183页

作者： Clotaire Donatien Rafaï Pierre Somse Wilfrid Sylvain Nambei Ernest Lango-Yaya Marie-roseline Darnycka Belizaire Ulrich Vickos Narcisse Patrice Komas Oscar Senzongo Luc Salva Heredeibona Ulrich Jeffrey Kotemossoua Rabbi Mermoz Senekian Simon Pounguinza Jephté Estimé Kaleb Kandou Christian-Diamant Mossoro-Kpinde Laurent Bélec Jean De Dieu Longo Norbert Richard Ngbale Abdoulaye Sepou François-Xavier Mbopi-Keou Gérard Grésenguet Boniface Koffi National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health Bangui Central African Republic Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Ministry of Health and Population Bangui Central African Republic World Health Organization Bangui Central African Republic Institut Pasteur de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Virology Laboratory Georges Pompidou European Hospital Université Paris Cité Paris France Hôpital Communautaire of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

Context and objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a major public health problem and has mobilized many innovative means of diagnosis. The Central African Republic is not spared. The emergence of variants and their impact require health monitoring despite the obligation of vaccination. The purpose of this campaign was to determine the circulation of pending second-wave variants. Patients and Methods: A second mass screening campaign took place from 02 to 22 July 2021 in the main land and river entry points of Bangui (Exit North-PK12, Exit South-PK9, Port Beach) and at the LNBCSP. Antigenic and RT-PCR tests carried out on nasopharyngeal samples made it possible to select strains which were finally sequenced. Results: Of 2687 participants included in the study, 53 (1.97%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Thirteen (1.53%) were male and 40 (2.18%) female. The analyses carried out on the LumiraDx analyzer were positive for 109 samples against 53 on the RT-PCR. The prevalence was higher in the most tested age groups (30 to 50 years) with two clusters identified. B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants were predominant (57%). Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate. The acquisition of automated antigenic tests (LumiraDx®) with sensitivity and specificity close to those of the reference test (RT-PCR) will allow better mass diagnosis for an optimization of the surveillance of COVID-19 in our countries with limited resources. The predominance of the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant would suggest a third wave in the Central African Republic.

关键词： COVID-19 Automated Antigen Testing

Prevalence of hepatitis B infection and factors associated in children of Ivorian HBsAg carrier subjects

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第4期3卷 237-240页

作者： Koffi Alain Attia Ya Henriette Kissi Stanislas Doffou Demba Bangoura roseline Flora Wilson Georges Bougha Fulgence Yao Bathaix Kouame Alassan Mahassadi Mohamed Sayegh Therese N’dri-Yoman Department of General Medicine and Hepato-Gastroenterology Teaching Hospital of Yopougon Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire Medical Private hospital of Danga Cocody Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire

Aims of the Study: 1) Determine the Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children (contact subjects) of chronic Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier subjects (index subjects);2) Search for factors associated with HBV infection in these children. Patients and Methods: Retrospective-crosssectional study (January 5th, 2006 through December 31st, 2012). Studied parameters: biological and clinical characteristics of index subjects;Prevalence of HBsAg and Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) in their children. Search for the HBV infection associated factors in the children (univariate analyses through Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test;multivariate analysis through a backward logistic regression). Results: Our 44 subjects’ median age was 43.1 ± 7.49 years and 88.6% of them lived with a spouse. Average number of children per index subjects was 2.3 ± 1.1. Our 92 children’s median age was 9.3 ± 4.55 (ranging from 1 to 15 years), and 43 (44.8%) were vaccinated against HBV. HBV infection prevalence was 24% (23/96 of which, 4 were HBsAg positive and 19 HBcAb positive subjects without HBsAg). Independent factors associated with HBV infection in children of index subjects were HBV DNA for index subjects >2000 IU/ml (OR = 11.5;p = 0.001), existence of HBV in two parents (OR = 7.9;p = 0.03) and absence of HBV vaccination in the children (OR = 30.9;p = 0.003). Conclusion: Immunization coverage for children of index subjects was insufficient, especially before the introduction of HBV vaccine into the enlarged vaccination program. Outside vertical transmission, those children were more exposed to HBV intrafamilial transmission risk when they were not immunized against HBV, when both parents were infected and when HBV viremia in index subjects was higher than 2000 IU/ml.

关键词： Hepatitis B Infection Intrafamilial Transmission Screening

Haematological and Hepatic Responses of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus to Sublethal Exposure of Industrial Effluents from Ologe Lagoon Environs,Lagos,Nigeria

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2018年第5期8卷 198-209页

作者： Akintade O.Adeboyejo Edwin O.Clarke Ayofe M.Hammed roseline O.Adaramoye Department of Fisheries Faculty of ScienceLagos State UniversityOjo-LagosNigeria

The present study is on the haematological and hepatic responses of the African catfish fingerlings Clarias gariepinus to sublethal toxicity of industrial effluents(IE)from the environment of Ologe Lagoon,Lagos,*** fish were cultured in five concentrations of industrial effluents:0%(control),5%,15%,25%,and 35%.Trials were carried out in triplicates for twelve(12)*** culture system was a static renewable bioassay and was carried out in the fisheries laboratory of the Lagos State University,*** physico-chemical parameters:Temperature(°C),pH,conductivity(ppm)and dissolved oxygen(DO in mg/L)were measured in each treatment *** parameters:packed cell volume(PCV),red blood cells(RBC),white blood cell(WBC),neutrophil and lymphocytes etc.,and hepatological alterations were measured after 12 *** physico-chemical parameters showed that the pH ranged from 7.82±0.25~8.07±*** ranged from 1.92±0.66~4.43±1.24 mg/*** conductivity values increased with increase in concentration of *** the temperature difference remained insignificant with mean value range between 26.08±2.14~26.38±*** DO showed significant differences at p<*** survival was 100%during the sublethal study,haematological results showed that *** had PCV ranging from 13.0±1.7~27.7±0.6,RBC ranged from 4.7±0.6~9.1±0.1,and neutrophil ranged from 26.7±4.6~61.0±1.0 amongst *** highest values of these parameters were obtained in the control and lowest at 35%.While the reverse effects were observed for WBC and lymphocytes,the liver shows normal liver cells in the control(0%),but at higher toxic levels,there were:vacoulation,destruction of the hepatic parenchyma,tissue becoming eosinophilic(*** towards Carcinogenicity)and severe disruption of the hepatic cord *** study therefore shows that disposal of effluents into the aquatic environment affects the health of fishes by impairing normal hepatic functions and hindering v

关键词： Haematology hepatology sublethal toxicity industrial effluents Clarias gariepinus Ologe Lagoon