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Two-Stream Approximation to the Radiative Transf.r Equation:A New Improvement and Comparative Accuracy with Existing Methods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： f.Momo TEMGOUA L.Akana NGUIMDO DNJOMO Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory(EETL) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Department of.Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical modeling of.the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is f.rmalized by the radiative transf.r equation(RTE), whose resolution calls f.r two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of.the RTE with the development of.the phase f.nction and the intensity into a third-order series of.Legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of.the intensity and the phase f.nction, allows in the conditions of.a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical f.rmulation of.γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta f.nction and Modif.ed Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with ref.rence to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion f.nction of.the proposed New Method using the f.ndamental def.nition of.two-stream approximation(f.TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision f.r wide domains of.the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate f.om the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially f.r high values of.optical thickness. In spite of.this divergence in ref.ectance f.r high values of.optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained f.r most cases of.optical thickness in this study. An analysis of.the Legendre polynomial series f.r simple f.nctions shows that the high precision is due to the f.ct that the approximated f.nctions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of.approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the f.nction f.om which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of.app

关键词： Radiative Transf.r Equation two-stream method Legendre polynomial optical thickness moments of.specif.c intensity conversion f.nction transmittance ref.ectance

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CSPP1 stabilizes microtubules by capping both plus and minus ends

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Journal of.Molecular Cell Biology 2024年第2期16卷 36-46页

作者： Zhikai Wang Wenwen Wang Shuaiyu Liu f.ngrui Yang Xu Liu Shasha Hua Lĳuan Zhu Aoqing Xu Donald LHill Dongmei Wang Kai Jiang Jennif.r Lippincott-Schwartz Xing Liu Xuebiao Yao MOE Key Laboratory f.r Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHMUniversity of Science and Technology of China School of Life SciencesHefei 230027China Anhui Key Laboratory f.r Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the MicroscaleHefei 230027China f.ontier Science Center f.r Immunology and Metabolism Medical Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Comprehensive Cancer Center University of AlabamaBirminghamAL 35233USA Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnVA 20147USA

Although the dynamic instability of.microtubules(MTs)is f.ndamental to many cellular f.nctions,quiescent MTs with unattached f.ee distal ends are commonly present and play important roles in various events to power cellular ***,how these f.ee MT tips are stabilized remains poorly ***,we report that centrosome and spindle pole protein 1(CSPP1)caps and stabilizes both plus and minus ends of.static ***-time imaging of.laser-ablated MTs in live cells showed deposition of.CSPP1 at the newly generated MT ends,whose dynamic instability was concomitantly ***,MT ends in CSPP1-overexpressing cells were hyper-stabilized,while those in CSPP1-depleted cells were much more *** CSPP1-elicited stabilization of.MTs was demonstrated to be achieved by suppressing intrinsic MT catastrophe and restricting ***,CSPP1-bound MTs were resistant to mitotic centromere-associated kinesin-mediated *** f.ndings delineate a previously uncharacterized CSPP1 activity that integrates MT end capping to orchestrate quiescent MTs.

关键词： CSPP1 microtubule plus end minus end capping

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元宇宙中的伦理关系和伦理问题探析

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自然辩证法通讯 2024年第5期46卷 112-119页

作者：包国光原黎黎东北大学马克思主义学院辽宁沈阳110819

“元宇宙”是指虚拟现实世界和现实世界的某种“结合”,虚拟世界的基本特征在于通过数字技术和身体结合而产生的交互式作用和感知沉浸感。元宇宙的本质是由现实世界和虚拟现实世界共同构成的“连续体”。元宇宙世界的主要成员是“虚拟... 详细信息

“元宇宙”是指虚拟现实世界和现实世界的某种“结合”,虚拟世界的基本特征在于通过数字技术和身体结合而产生的交互式作用和感知沉浸感。元宇宙的本质是由现实世界和虚拟现实世界共同构成的“连续体”。元宇宙世界的主要成员是“虚拟数字人”,通过论证虚拟数字人具有虚拟主体性,阐释了元宇宙中的伦理关系。元宇宙中的伦理问题不能简单复制现实世界的伦理规范;但同时,元宇宙中的伦理问题与现实世界中伦理问题是相互作用相互影响的。论文尝试提出建构元宇宙中伦理规则的原则和途径,包括可遵循的社会共识、可追溯和风险评估原则,以及通过开发者自律负责、用户自我管理、政府立法监管和世界各国合作等多元共治途径。

关键词：元宇宙虚拟世界虚拟数字人伦理关系

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The Importance of.Posterior Tibial Slope in TKR: Pre and Post-Operative Measurements in United States Osteoarthritic Patients

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Open Journal of.Orthopedics 2024年第8期14卷 374-379页

作者： f.ederick f. Buechel Sr f.ederick f. Buechel Jr Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Newark USA Lenox Hill Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery New York USA

Background: Sagittal plane placement of.the tibial component in total knee replacement (TKR) has important implications f.r maximizing the range of.0}exion motion, allowing collateral ligaments to f.nction more normally, as well as providing ideal compressive loading on the tibial bone-prosthesis interf.ce. This study attempts to quantif. the normal posterior tibial slope (PTS) angle pre-operatively and post-operatively in osteoarthritic patients af.er using a conventional extramedullary tibial resection guide to assess its ef.ectiveness. Methods: f.rty-nine primary cementless total knee replacements in 34 osteoarthritic patients were measured radiographically pre-operatively and one year post-operatively to determine the PTS and its ef.ect on range of.motion. Lateral X-rays, using the anterior cortical line of.the tibia, were employed f.r all measurements. Results: Pre-operative PTS measured 11.83˚ (range 5˚ - 18˚), while post-operative PTS of.implanted tibial components measured 11.30o (range 4˚ - 18˚). The pre-operative range of.motion of.112˚ (range 30˚ to 135˚) was improved to 119˚ (range 90˚ to 135˚) post-operatively af.er 1 year. Conclusions: Anterior tibial shaf. ref.rencing using a conventional extramedullary tibial resection guide provides an easy and convenient method f.r reproducing the anatomical PTS during TKR. This methodology provided improvement in average range of.motion f.om 112˚ pre-operatively to 119˚ post-operatively at one year.

关键词： Posterior Tibial Slope Posterior Tibial Inclination Extramedullary Tibial Resection Guide Total Knee Alignment

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Clinical studies in COVID-related olf.ctory disorders:Review of.an institutional experience

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World Journal of.Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 129-136页

作者： Theresa Tharakan Dorina Kallogjeri Jay f.Piccirillo Department of.Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Clinical Outcomes Research OfficeSchool of MedicineWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA

Objective:To share a single institutional experience with clinical research on COVID-related olf.ctory dysf.nction(OD).Data Source/Method:Narrative review of.published original data and ongoing clinical trials on COVID-related OD at Washington University f.om 2020 to ***:There were three new diagnostic-/patient-reported outcome measures developed and *** report f.ve clinical trials of.interventions f.r COVID-related olf.ctory disorders:combined Visual-Olf.ctory Training(VOLT)with patient-pref.rred scents versus standard olf.ctory training(VOLT trial),oral gabapentin versus placebo(Gabapentin f.r the Relief.of.Acquired Chemosensory Experience trial),nasal theophylline irrigations versus placebo(Smell Changes and Ef.icacy of.Nasal Theophylline trial),stellate ganglion block(single-arm),and mindf.lness-based stress reduction(MBSR)versus lif.style intervention(MBSR trial).Conclusions:Initial intervention trials f.r COVID-related OD have shown potential f.r improving subjective and objective olf.ctory ***,there remains no gold standard treatment that def.nitively outperf.rms placebo in controlled ***,continued investigation of.novel therapeutic strategies f.r COVID-related OD is necessary to maximize olf.ctory outcomes f.r af.ected patients.

关键词： chemosensory disorders COVID olf.ctory dysf.nction

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Macroscopic Traversable Wormholes: Minimum Requirements

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International Journal of.Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期14卷 230-243页

作者： Peter K. f. Kuhf.ttig Department of.Mathematics Milwaukee School of Engineering Milwaukee USA

While wormholes are just as good a prediction of.Einstein’s theory as black holes, they are subject to severe restrictions f.om quantum f.eld theory. To allow f.r the possibility of.interstellar travel, a macroscopic wormhole would need to maintain suf.iciently low radial tidal f.rces. It is proposed in this paper that the assumption of.zero tidal f.rces, i.e., the limiting case, is suf.icient f.r overcoming the restrictions f.om quantum f.eld theory. The f.asibility of.this approach is subsequently discussed by 1) introducing the additional conditions needed to ensure that the radial tidal f.rces can indeed be suf.iciently low and 2) by viewing traversable wormholes as emergent phenomena, thereby increasing the likelihood of.their existence.

关键词： Morris-Thorne Wormholes Traversability Minimum Requirements Stability Compatibility with Quantum f.eld Theory

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On an Invariant of.Tournament Digraphs

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Journal of.Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第7期12卷 2711-2722页

作者： Boris f. Melnikov Bowen Liu f.culty of.Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Shenzhen China

To date, it is unknown whether it is possible to construct a complete graph invariant in polynomial time, so f.st algorithms f.r checking non-isomorphism are important, including heuristic algorithms, and f.r successf.l implementations of.such heuristics, both the tasks of.some modif.cation of.previously described graph invariants and the description of.new invariants remain relevant. Many of.the described invariants make it possible to distinguish a larger number of.graphs in the real time of.a computer program. In this paper, we propose an invariant f.r a special kind of.directed graphs, namely, f.r tournaments. The last ones, f.om our point of.view, are interesting because when f.xing the order of.vertices, the number of.dif.erent tournaments is exactly equal to the number of.undirected graphs, also with f.xing the order of.vertices. In the invariant we are considering, all possible tournaments consisting of.a subset of.vertices of.a given digraph with the same set of.arcs are iterated over. f.r such subset tournaments, the places are calculated in the usual way, which are summed up to obtain the f.nal values of.the points of.the vertices;these points f.rm the proposed invariant. As we expected, calculations of.the new invariant showed that it does not coincide with the most natural invariant f.r tournaments, in which the number of.points is calculated f.r each participant. So f.r, we have conducted a small number of.computational experiments, and the minimum value of.the pair correlation between the sequences representing these two invariants that we f.und is f.r dimension 15.

关键词： Graph Directed Graph Tournament ?nvariant

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Impaired Cognition and Stroke Rehabilitation Outcomes: Are They Related?

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Open Journal of.Therapy and Rehabilitation 2024年第2期12卷 101-116页

作者： Eric f. Tanlaka Torri Trojand f.culty of.Nursing University of Windsor Windsor Canada

Background: Stroke survivors who exhibit impaired cognition at admission to inpatient rehabilitation may experience participation challenges and poorer f.nctional outcomes than those without impaired cognition. Dif.erences in f.nctional outcomes between stroke survivors with and without impaired cognition may be attributed to age, level of.cognitive impairment, and severity of.stroke. Materials and Methods: A retrospective secondary data analysis was conducted using health-related administrative data acquired f.om a Southwestern Ontario hospital’s stroke rehabilitation database. The aim was to explore potential linkages between post-stroke impaired cognition and f.nctional gains, rehabilitation stays, and living settings af.er discharge f.om rehabilitation. Results: An aggregate sample of.393 males and 314 f.males subclassif.ed as experiencing mild, moderate, and severe stroke was analyzed. At inpatient rehabilitation admission, 21.5% (n = 152) of.these patients had no impaired cognition, 33.7% (n = 238) had mild impaired cognition, 22.2% (n = 157) had moderate impaired cognition, and 22.6% (n = 160) had severe impaired cognition. Cognitively impaired stroke patients were signif.cantly (p 0.001) older, had (mostly) moderate to severe stroke with signif.cantly (p = 0.012) more moderate cognitive impairment, had signif.cantly (p 0.001) longer rehabilitation stays, and a high propensity f.r being discharged to longer-term care f.cilities compared to non-cognitively impaired patients. Conclusion: Presence of.signif.cant dissimilarity in rehabilitation stays and post-discharge destinations among stroke survivors with and without cognitive impairment is attributed to the age of.the patient, level of.cognitive impairment, and rigorous rehabilitation interventions.

关键词： Stroke Impaired Cognition Inpatient Rehabilitation f.nctional Outcomes

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Thin-Shell Wormholes Admitting Conf.rmal Motions in Spacetimes of.Embedding Class One

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International Journal of.Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期14卷 162-171页

作者： Peter K. f. Kuhf.ttig Department of.Mathematics Milwaukee School of Engineering Milwaukee USA

This paper discusses the f.asibility of.thin-shell wormholes in spacetimes of.embedding class one admitting a one-parameter group of.conf.rmal motions. It is shown that the surf.ce energy density σis positive, while the surf.ce pressure is negative, resulting in , thereby signaling a violation of.the null energy condition, a necessary condition f.r holding a wormhole open. f.r a Morris-Thorne wormhole, matter that violates the null energy condition is ref.rred to as “exotic”. f.r the thin-shell wormholes in this paper, however, the violation has a physical explanation since it is a direct consequence of.the embedding theory in conjunction with the assumption of.conf.rmal symmetry. These properties avoid the need to hypothesize the existence of.the highly problematical exotic matter.

关键词： Thin-Shell Wormholes Conf.rmal Symmetry Embedding Class One Exotic Matter

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Assessment of.the piroxicam-incited model of.synchronized colitis in T-cell receptor alpha chain-def.cient mice

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ANIMAL MODELS AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2024年第4期7卷 533-543页

作者： Lange, Maximo E. Bescucci, Danisa M. Boras, Valerie f. Montina, Tony Inglis, G. Douglas Agr & Agrif.od Canada Lethbridge Res & Dev Ctr Lethbridge AB T1J 4B1 Canada Chinook Reg Hosp Alberta Hlth Serv Lethbridge AB Canada Univ Lethbridge Dept Chem & Biochem Lethbridge AB Canada Univ Lethbridge Southern Alberta Genome Sci Ctr Lethbridge AB Canada

BackgroundA multitude of.mouse models are utilized to emulate and study intestinal inf.ammation. T-cell receptor alpha chain (TCR alpha)-def.cient mice are used as a model of.spontaneous colitis that has similarities with human ulcerative colitis. However, colitis is triggered late in the lif. of.the mouse (age: 4-5 months), and inf.ammation does not develop at the same time in dif.erent mice. A previously conducted study reported that the administration of.the drug piroxicam triggered predictable and early colitis in TCR alpha-def.cient mice at the age of.6-8 weeks. However, a detailed characterization of.ensuing inf.ammation was not *** conducted an in-depth examination of.piroxicam-triggered colitis in TCR alpha-def.cient mice, with emphasis on spatial histopathologic changes and analysis of.expression of.inf.ammatory markers. f.rthermore, we tested amelioration of.colitis with *** conf.rmed that piroxicam induced a time-prescribed colitis and did so in the proximal colon as well as the cecum of.TCR alpha-def.cient mice. Piroxicam administration was observed to induce epithelial hyperplasia, goblet cell loss, and leukocyte inf.ltration with occasional ulceration. A Swiss roll technique was used to examine the colon and cecum in its entirety. Importantly, we observed that inf.ammation was multif.cal segmental, with areas of.tissue damage in between healthy tissue. In addition, we observed variability in the severity of.inf.ammation among replicate animals and treatments, and that the administration of.dexamethasone only partially ameliorated inf.ammation in the proximal *** consistently induced multif.cal segmental colitis in the proximal colon and cecum, although the degree of.inf.ammation was reduced in the latter. Importantly, spatial variability in inf.ammation in the large intestine and the inter-replicate variation in the severity of.inf.ammation must be taken into consideration when utilizing this mu

关键词： colon dexamethasone histology induction inf.ammation knockout ANIMAL-MODELS CYTOKINES DISEASE TNf

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