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Emerging clinical relevance of microbiome in cancer:promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets

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Protein & Cell 2024年第4期15卷 239-260页

作者： Jia-Hao Dai Xi-rong Tan Han Qiao Na Liu State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapyGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510050China

The profound influence of microbiota in cancer initiation and progression has been under the spotlight for years,leading to numerous researches on cancer microbiome entering clinical evaluation.As promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets,the critical involvement of microbiota in cancer clinical practice has been increasingly appreciated.here,recent progress in this field is reviewed.We describe the potential of tumor-associated microbiota as effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers,respectively.In addition,we highlight the relationship between microbiota and the therapeutic efficacy,toxicity,or side effects of commonly utilized treatments for cancer,including chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and immunotherapy.Given that microbial factors influence the cancer treatment outcome,we further summarize some dominating microbial interventions and discuss the hidden risks of these strategies.This review aims to provide an overview of the applications and advancements of microbes in cancer clinical relevance.

关键词： microbiome cancer diagnosis prognosis therapy

Residual levels and health risk assessment of trace metals in Chinese resident diet

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 451-459页

作者： Yubing Dai Shuai Sun rong Cao Haijun Zhang Jiping Chen Ningbo Geng CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Large-scale metal contamination across the food web is an intractable problem due to increasing pollutant emissions,atmospheric transport,and dry and wet deposition of elements.The present study focus on several trace metals that are rarely studied but have special toxicity,including tin(Sn),antimony(Sb),gold(Au),hafnium(Hf),palladium(Pd),platinum(Pt),ruthenium(Ru),tellurium(Te)and iridium(Ir).We investigated trace metals residues and distribution characteristics,and further evaluated the potential health risks from major daily food intakes in 33 cities in China.Sn,Sb,Ir,Hf,and Au were frequently detected in food samples with the concentrations ranged from ND(not detected)to 24.78μg/kg ww(wet weight).Eggs exhibited the highest residual level of all detected metals(13.70±14.70μg/kg ww in sum),while the lowest concentrations were observed in vegetables(0.53±0.17μg/kg ww in sum).Sn accounting for more than 50%of the total trace metals concentration in both terrestrial and aquatic animal origin foods.In terrestrial plant origin foods,Sn and Ir were the most abundant elements.Hf and Au were the most abundant elements in egg samples.In addition,Sb and Ir showed a clear trophic dilution effect in terrestrial environments,while in aquatic ecosystems,Sn,Hf,and Au exhibited obvious trophic amplification effects.The calculated average estimated daily intake(EDI)via food consumption in five regions of China was 0.09μg/(kg·day),implying the health risk of aforementioned elements was acceptable.

关键词： Trace metals Accumulation characteristics Dietary exposure Estimated daily intake(EDI)

Surface water resource attenuation attribution and patterns in Hai River Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1545-1560页

作者： Qingming WANG Yong ZHAO Hao WANG Jiaqi ZHAI Yue ZHANG Fan he rong LIU Mengyang MA State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(IWHR)Beijing 100038China Key Laboratory of Water Safety for Beijing-Tianjin-hebei Region of Ministry of Water Resources Beijing 100038China General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design Ministry of Water ResourcesBeijing 100120China

From 1956 to 2016,Hai River Basin suffered the most severe surface water resource attenuation among the 10 first-class river basins in China.Based on the surface water circulation process,and evolving characteristics of precipitation and underlying surface in Hai River Basin,this study attributed the causes of surface water resource attenuation to six primary impact factors,analyzed each factor's quantitative contribution,and revealed four patterns of surface water resource attenuation in Hai River Basin.The pattern of the dominant factor:comparing the 1980–2000 period with the 1956–1979period,the variation of precipitation is the dominant factor of which contribution is 7 billion m^(3),accounting for 59%of total11.7 billion m^(3);comparing the 2001–2016 period with the 1956–1979 period,the increasing of vegetation cover in mountainous area is the dominant factor of which contribution is 2.78 billion m3,accounting for 51%of total 4.9 billion m^(3).The pattern of spatial distributions:comparing the 2001–2016 period with the 1956–1979 period,mountainous areas were more affected by increasing vegetation cover which for example contributed 42%in Luan River Basin mountainous;the plains were more impacted by farmland ridge interception which for example contributed 51%in Beisi River Basin plains.The pattern of attenuation trend:comparing the 2001–2016 period with the 1980–2000 period,surface water resources in mountainous areas continued to decline,owing to the increasing water consumption of large-scale vegetation restoration,while the influence of the underlying surface changes on surface water resources in plains areas tended to remain stable.The pattern of reversible change:among factors led to surface water resource attenuation,the human activity,including vegetation cover increase,farmland ridge interception,and urbanization expansion,contributed 36%of the attenuation,which resulted in the variation of precipitation-runoff relation.This study improved the traditional attribution classification model of climate ch

关键词： Hai River Basin Surface water resources Contribution decomposition Quantitative contribution Attenuation patterns

Provenance of the Lower Jurassic pyroclastic sediments in the Zigui Basin:Implication for crustal thickening in the eastern Qinling orogenic belt

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 196-207页

作者： rong CHAI Jianghai YANG Yuansheng DU Chengshan WANG School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100023China School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China

The Late Triassic witnessed significant collisional orogenic events in the Qinling orogenic belt,accompanied by magma underplating and tectonic deformation.These processes potentially resulted in substantial crustal thickening and uplift of the Qinling orogen.However,due to the absence of igneous rock records from this period in the eastern section of the Qinling orogen,the changes in crustal thickness during this orogenic process have not been thoroughly investigated.A series of foreland basins emerged during the Early Mesozoic to the south of the East Qinling orogenic belt.These basins have preserved clastic sedimentary rocks derived from the uplift and erosion of the orogenic belt.These sedimentary records serve as crucial records to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the Qinling orogen.To further clarify the collisional orogenic process of the Qinling orogenic belt,this study conducted in situ volcanic lithic fragment geochemistry,detrital zircon U-Pb chronology and trace element composition analysis on the sandstones of the Lower Jurassic Tongzhuyuan Formation in the Zigui Basin.The results suggest that the sandstones,which exhibit a significant abundance of volcanic lithic fragments,has a characteristic detrital zircon age group of 250–200 Ma,indicating a major provenance from the Triassic volcanic rocks.Combined with regional correlation and paleocurrent analysis,the detrital zircon U-Pb age data show that the source area of volcanic rocks should be in the Qinling orogenic belt to the north of the basin.This interpretation is further supported by the Triassic granitic rocks exposed in the western part of the orogenic belt,representing the magmatism during the Triassic collisional orogenesis in the Qinling orogen.Based on the co-varying relationships between present-day crust thickness with the chemical compositions of granite rocks and zircons,the La/Yb ratio of volcanic lithic fragments in the Tongzhuyuan Formation and the Eu/Eu*ratio of detrital zircons with Triassic ages indicate that the Qinling o

关键词： Qinling orogenic belt Zigui Basin Late Triassic Detrital zircons Crustal thickening

Establishing and clinically validating a machine learning model for predicting unplanned reoperation risk in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第23期30卷 2991-3004页

作者： Li-Qun Cai Da-Qing Yang rong-Jian Wang he Huang Yi-Xiong Shi Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery Whenzhou Central HospitalWenzhou 325000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Colorectal and Anorectal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer significantly impacts global health,with unplanned reoperations post-surgery being key determinants of patient outcomes.Existing predictive models for these reoperations lack precision in integrating complex clinical data.AIM To develop and validate a machine learning model for predicting unplanned reoperation risk in colorectal cancer patients.METHODS Data of patients treated for colorectal cancer(n=2044)at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Wenzhou Central Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were retrospectively collected.Patients were divided into an experimental group(n=60)and a control group(n=1984)according to unplanned reoperation occurrence.Patients were also divided into a training group and a validation group(7:3 ratio).We used three different machine learning methods to screen characteristic variables.A nomogram was created based on multifactor logistic regression,and the model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve,calibration curve,Hosmer-Lemeshow test,and decision curve analysis.The risk scores of the two groups were calculated and compared to validate the model.RESULTS More patients in the experimental group were≥60 years old,male,and had a history of hypertension,laparotomy,and hypoproteinemia,compared to the control group.Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed the following as independent risk factors for unplanned reoperation(Phesiologists classification.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the model had good discrimination and clinical utility.CONCLUSION This study used a machine learning approach to build a model that accurately predicts the risk of postoperative unplanned reoperation in patients with colorectal cancer,which can improve treatment decisions and prognosis.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Postoperative unplanned reoperation Unplanned reoperation Clinical validation Nomogram Machine learning models

N-glycan biosignatures as a potential diagnostic biomarker for earlystage pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 659-669页

作者： Yan-rong Wen Xia-Wen Lin Yu-Wen Zhou Lei Xu Jun-Li Zhang Cui-Ying Chen Jian he Department of Nuclear Medicine Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing 210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Research and Development Sysdiagno(Nanjing)Biotech Co.LtdNanjing 210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)has a poor prognosis,with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%,owing to its late-stage diagnosis.Early detection of pancreatic cancer(PC)can significantly increase survival rates.AIM To identify the serum biomarker signatures associated with early-stage PDAC by serum N-glycan analysis.METHODS An extensive patient cohort was used to determine a biomarker signature,in-cluding patients with PDAC that was well-defined at an early stage(stages I and II).The biomarker signature was derived from a case-control study using a case-cohort design consisting of 29 patients with stage I,22 with stage II,4 with stage III,16 with stage IV PDAC,and 88 controls.We used multiparametric analysis to identify early-stage PDAC N-glycan signatures and developed an N-glycan sig-nature-based diagnosis model called the“Glyco-model”.RESULTS The biomarker signature was created to discriminate samples derived from patients with PC from those of controls,with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.86.In addition,the biomarker signature combined with cancer antigen 19-9 could discriminate patients with PDAC from controls,with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.919.Glyco-model demonstrated favorable diagnostic performance in all stages of PC.The diagnostic sensitivity for stage I PDAC was 89.66%.Core Tip:This study employed a patient cohort to investigate the N-glycan signature of early-stage pancreatic cancer(PC).Serum N-glycans analysis was conducted to identify the serum biomarker signature associated with early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),resulting in the identification of nine early-stage PDAC N-glycan signatures.Subsequently,utilizing these biosignatures,a diagnostic model named the“Glyco-model”was developed,demonstrating promising diagnostic performance across all stages of PC.The study revealed that the diagnostic sensitivity for stage I PDAC was determined to be 89.66%.Consequently,this diagnostic model exhibits potent

关键词： Glycomics N-glycans Biomarkers Pancreatic cancer Predictive modeling

Coupled dynamic response analysis of multi-column floating offshore wind turbine with low center of gravity

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2024年第1期9卷 25-39页

作者： Jie Yang Yan-ping he Yong-sheng Zhao Xiao-yan Yang Guo-rong Zhang State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration(CISSE) Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Naval Architecture Ocean&Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Faculty of Maritime and Transportation Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China

To realize the application of the floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT)from deep to relatively shallow waters,a new concept of multi-column floating wind turbine platform with low center of gravity(CG)is designed and validated.The multi-column low CG platform is designed to support a 6MW wind turbine class and operated at a water depth of 50m in the South China Sea.The frequency domain software WADAM and time domain software NREL-FAST are used to simulate coupled dynamic responses of the floating wind turbine system with second-order wave loads considering.The dynamic behaviors of multi-column low CG FOWT system under normal operation and parked conditions are presented.The influence of second-order wave force on the motion responses of the multi-column platform,fore-aft force and moment of the tower base and mooring force are researched respectively.The results demonstrate that the coupled dynamic responses at rated operating condition and extreme condition meet the normal operating requirements and extreme survival requirements of FOWT system in the shallow water(50m)of South China Sea.In addition,it is found that,the wave frequency response gradually replaces the second-order low frequency response as the main influencing factor of the coupled dynamic response of the FOWT system with the increasing severity of the sea states.However,in general,the magnitude of second-order low frequency response increases with the increasing severity of the design load case.Thus,in the subsequent design of the shallow water FOWT system,the second-order effects should be paid enough attention.

关键词： Floating offshore wind turbine Multi-column platform Second-order wave force Concept design Coupled dynamic response

QAR Data Imputation Using Generative Adversarial Network with Self-Attention Mechanism

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第1期7卷 12-28页

作者： Jingqi Zhao Chuitian rong Xin Dang Huabo Sun School of Computer Science and Technology Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China Institute of Aviation Safety China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and TechnologyBeijing 100028China

Quick Access Recorder(QAR),an important device for storing data from various flight parameters,contains a large amount of valuable data and comprehensively records the real state of the airline flight.However,the recorded data have certain missing values due to factors,such as weather and equipment anomalies.These missing values seriously affect the analysis of QAR data by aeronautical engineers,such as airline flight scenario reproduction and airline flight safety status assessment.Therefore,imputing missing values in the QAR data,which can further guarantee the flight safety of airlines,is crucial.QAR data also have multivariate,multiprocess,and temporal features.Therefore,we innovatively propose the imputation models A-AEGAN("A"denotes attention mechanism,"AE"denotes autoencoder,and"GAN"denotes generative adversarial network)and SA-AEGAN("SA"denotes self-attentive mechanism)for missing values of QAR data,which can be effectively applied to QAR data.Specifically,we apply an innovative generative adversarial network to impute missing values from QAR data.The improved gated recurrent unit is then introduced as the neural unit of GAN,which can successfully capture the temporal relationships in QAR data.In addition,we modify the basic structure of GAN by using an autoencoder as the generator and a recurrent neural network as the discriminator.The missing values in the QAR data are imputed by using the adversarial relationship between generator and discriminator.We introduce an attention mechanism in the autoencoder to further improve the capability of the proposed model to capture the features of QAR data.Attention mechanisms can maintain the correlation among QAR data and improve the capability of the model to impute missing data.Furthermore,we improve the proposed model by integrating a self-attention mechanism to further capture the relationship between different parameters within the QAR data.Experimental results on real datasets demonstrate that the model can reasonably impute the missing values in QAR data wi

关键词： multivariate time series data imputation self-attention Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)

From common biomass materials to high-performance tissue engineering scaffold: Biomimetic preparation, properties characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluations

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第2期9卷 185-196页

作者： Zongpu Xu Fang he Jing Yu Zhangze Yang Yu Zhu rong Liao Ruyin Lyu Mei Yang Liangjun Zhu Mingying Yang Institute of Applied Bioresources College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Neurosurgery the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003China

Converting common biomass materials to high-performance biomedical products could not only reduce the environmental pressure associated with the large-scale use of synthetic materials,but also increase the economic value.Chitosan as a very promising candidate has drawn considerable attention owing to its abundant sources and remarkable bioactivities.However,pure chitosan materials usually exhibit insufficient mechanical properties and excessive swelling ratio,which seriously affected their in vivo stability and integrity when applied as tissue engineering scaf-folds.Thus,simultaneously improving the mechanical strength and biological compatibility of pure chitosan(CS)scaffolds becomes very important.here,inspired by the fiber-reinforced con-struction of natural extracellular matrix and the porous structure of cancellous bone,we built silk microfibers/chitosan composite scaffolds via ice-templating technique.This biomimetic strategy achieved 500%of mechanical improvement to pure chitosan,and meanwhile still maintaining high porosity(>87%).In addition,the increased roughness of chitosan pore walls by embedded silk microfibers significantly promoted cell adhesion and proliferation.More importantly,after subcutaneous implantation in mice for four weeks,the composite scaffold showed greater struc-tural integrity,as well as better collagenation,angiogenesis,and osteogenesis abilities,suggesting its great potential in biomedicine.

关键词： Chitosan Biomimetic strategy Fiber-reinforced composite Mechanical property Biocompatibility