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Finite Complements in English

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外国语 2008年第1期31卷 2-35页

作者： ronald W. Langacker University of California San Diego USA

This paper explores the conceptual basis of finite complementation in English. It first considers the distinguishing property of a finite clause,namely grounding,effected by tense and the modals. Notions crucial for clausal grounding—including a reality conception and the striving for control at the effective and epistemic levels—also figure in the semantic import of complementation. An essential feature of complement constructions is the involvement of multiple conceptualizers,each with their own conception of reality. The different types of complement and their grammatical markings can be characterized on this basis. Finite complements differ from other types by virtue of expressing an autonomous proposition capable of being apprehended by multiple conceptualizers,each from their own vantage point. A cognitive model representing phases in the striving for epistemic control provides a partial basis for the semantic description of predicates taking finite complements. The same model supports the description of both personal and impersonal complement constructions.

关键词：英语认知文法补语谓词限定从句

Access,Activation,and Overlap:Focusing on the Differential

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外国语 2012年第1期35卷 2-25页

作者： ronald W.Langacker University of California San DiegoU.S.A.

As a long term goal,Cognitive Grammar envisages a unified account of linguistic structure,processing,and discourse.A key requirement is that it properly reflect the dynamicity of language,in all its aspects(including grammar).Consisting as it does in patterns of activity,language is something that happens: it unfolds through time,and how it does so is essential for its *** structure involves the complex interplay of serial and hierarchical *** theory has generally overemphasized the latter,as witnessed by the predominant role of grammatical constituency based on the metaphor of composition("building" a complex structure out of smaller "pieces").More promising for a unified treatment of structure,processing,and discourse is an alternative metaphor,in which a "moving window" of attention allows serial access to complex conceptions that are mostly already in *** processing proceeds concurrently on different time scales,in windows of different *** provides a dynamic basis for hierarchical *** arises when conceptions accessed in windows on one time scale figure in a distinct and more elaborate conception(with its own,emergent properties) accessed in a single window on a larger time *** on the alternative metaphor,an approach is outlined that features serial access,windows of attention,levels of activation,and conceptual *** is then applied,in exploratory fashion,to a number of grammatical *** "access-and-activation" approach directly accommodates reference point relationships,the basis for possessive and topic *** lends itself quite well to the characterization of informational focus,marked in English by unreduced *** requisite descriptive notions are then extended and adapted for ellipsis,which has rather different *** same notions prove useful for handling problematic aspects of coordinate ***,they provide a straig

关键词： attention conceptual overlap discourse dynamicity seriality vs.hierarchy

Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: the Hangzhou experience

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2008年第3期7卷 235-236页

作者： ronald W. Busuttil UCLA School of Medicine 10833 Le Conte Ave UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles California USA

Over the last 25 years orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has been proven a durabletherapy for all forms of end stage liver

关键词： HCC the Hangzhou experience Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

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Metonymy in Grammar

外国语 2004年第6期27卷 2-24页

作者： ronald W.Langacker UniversityofCalifornia

An assumption usually made in syntactic theory and description is that particular elements combine with one another in very specific and determinate ways. Syntactically, for example, the sentence Alice likes Bill involves a specific structural configuration, with the elements Alice, likes, and Bill inserted in particular slots. Semantically, the predicate LIKE has two arguments, which ALICE and BILL instantiate in accordance with their syntactic roles.

关键词：转喻语法造句法语句构成修辞方法英语

From Paging to Staging Shakespeare: Interdisciplinary Perspectives

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外国语 1989年第1期12卷 3-7页

作者： ronald G.Shafer 美国宾州印第安那大学

本文从多科性交错的视角探讨莎士比亚戏剧的内涵。由全美人文学科基金会资助的暑期莎士比亚研讨会融汇了多科学科,主要有舞台、剧本、电影、同时还引进了美术、历史、政治、音乐。研讨会的专家们认为,剧本从来都不是裸露的,而是由连我... 详细信息

本文从多科性交错的视角探讨莎士比亚戏剧的内涵。由全美人文学科基金会资助的暑期莎士比亚研讨会融汇了多科学科,主要有舞台、剧本、电影、同时还引进了美术、历史、政治、音乐。研讨会的专家们认为,剧本从来都不是裸露的,而是由连我们做梦也没有想到的种种释义包裹着。多科性交错的探索方法剥离了使剧本带上色彩的层层偏见。在研讨会上,人们摆脱了框框,不再对剧本作出武断的定论,而是把人物从僵硬的观念中解放出来,把剧本从一个子虚乌有的“正确”释义中解脱出来。本文值得一读。

关键词：释义研讨会多科性莎士比亚戏剧人文学科交错基金会视角音乐美术

Elementaryprinciplesofchemicalprocesses Richard M. Felder, ronald W. Rousseau. 3rd ed

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Strong Laws of Large Numbers for Arrays of Rowwise Conditionally Negatively Dependent Random Variables

2000年

作者： Richard M. Felder ronald W. Rousseau.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2013年第7期3卷 625-626页

作者： ronald Patterson Tamika Royal-thomas Wanda Patterson Department of Mathematics Winston-Salem State University Winston-Salem USA

Let {Xnk} be an array of rowwise conditionally negative dependent random variables. Complete convergence of to 0 is obtained by using various conditions on the moments and conditional means.

关键词： Negative Dependence Complete Convergence

Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:an update

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第3期10卷 234-242页

作者： Ali Zarrinpar Fady Kaldas ronald W Busuttil Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation Department of Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with multiple etiologies, high incidence, and high mortality. The standard surgical management for patients with HCC consists of locoregional ablation, surgical resection, or liver transplantation, depending on the background state of the liver. Eighty percent of patients initially presenting with HCC are unresectable, either due to the extent of tumor or the level of underlying hepatic dysfunction. While in patients with no evidence of cirrhosis and good hepatic function resection has been the surgical treatment of choice, it is contraindicated in patients with moderate to severe cirrhosis. Liver transplantation is the optimal surgical treatment. DATA SOURCES: PubMed search of recent articles (from January 2000 to March 2011) was performed looking for relevant articles about hepatocellular carcinoma and its treatment. Additional articles were identified by evaluating references from selected articles. RESULTS: Here we review criteria for transplantation, the types, indications, and role of locoregional therapy in treating the cancer and in downstaging for possible later transplantation. We also summarize the contribution of immunosuppression and adjuvant chemotherapy in the management and prevention of HCC recurrence. Finally we discuss recent advances in imaging, tumor biology, and genomics as we delineate the remaining challenges for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. CONCLUSIONS: Much can be improved in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. A great challenge will be to improve patient selection to criteria based on tumor biology. Another will be to incorporate systemic agents post-operatively in patients at high risk for recurrence, paying close attention to efficacy and safety. The future direction of the effort in treating HCC will be to stimulate prospective trials, develop molecular imaging of lymphovascular invasion, to improve recipient selection, and to investigate biomarkers

关键词： liver transplantation hepatocellular carcinoma liver neoplasm downstaging immunosuppression locoregional therapy

GIGANTEA Integrates Photoperiodic and Temperature Signals to Time when Growth Occurs

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Molecular Plant 2020年第3期13卷 357-359页

作者： James ronald Kayla McCarthy Seth Jon Davis University of York Department of BiologyHeslingtonYork YO105DDUK Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

Circadian clocks synchronize internal physiological responses to occur at the most optimal time of the *** plants,hormone signaling is under the control of this *** has been previously shown that the circadian clock moderates the plant’s sensitivity to gibberellin(GA)by regulating the expression of GA ***,two papers by Nohales and Kay(2019)and Park et al.(2020)revealed that post-translational regulation of DELLA proteins by the circadian clock also contributes to timing when the plant is most sensitive to GA.

关键词： Photoperiod clock translational