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Inactivation of OslRX10 Leads to Decreased Xylan content in Rice culm cell Walls and Improved Biomass Saccharification

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 570-573页

作者： Xuewei chen Miguel E. Vega-Sanchez Yves Verhertbruggenb Dawn chiniquy Patrick E. canlas Alexandra Fagerstrom Lina Prak Ulla christensen Ai Oikawa Mawsheng chern Shimin Zuo Fan Lin Manfred Auer William G.T. Willats Laura Bartley Jesper Harholt Henrik V. Scheller pamela c. ronald Department of Plant Pathology and The Genome center University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville CA 94608 USA Rice Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang Wenjiang Chengdu 611130 China Physical Biosciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen DK-1871 Frederiksberg Denmark Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Dear Editor, Xylan polysaccharides constitute the major non-cellulosic components in secondary cell walls of dicots and in both primary and secondary cell walls of grasses （Scheller and Ulvskov, 2010）. Xylan is composed of a linear backbone of 13（1-4）-linked xylose （Xyl）. In grasses, the xylan backbone is substituted with 03-1inked and 02-1inked arabinose residues and, to a lesser extent, a（1-3）-Iinked glucuronic acid residues.

关键词： ARABIDOPSIS

Down-regulation of IL-8 expression in human airway epithelial cells through helper-dependent adenoviral-mediated RNA interference

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cell Research 2005年第2期15卷 111-119页

作者： Bernard MARTIN,David R.KOEHLER,pamela L.ZEITLIN,A.Keith TANAWELL,Jim HU Programme in Lung Biology Research and the canadian Institutes of Health Research Group in Lung Development Hospitalfor Sick children Toronto canada M5G 1X8 Programme in Lung Biology Research and the canadian Institutes of Health Research Group in Lung Development Hospitalfor Sick children Toronto canada M5G 1X8 Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Toronto canada M5S 1A1 Departments of Pediatrics The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA. Programme in Lung Biology Research and the canadian Institutes of Health Research Group in Lung Development Hospitalfor Sick children Toronto canada M5G 1X8Department of Paediatrics University of Toronto Toronto canada M5S 1A1 Department of Physiology University of Toronto Toronto canada M5S 1A1 Programme in Lung Biology Research and the canadian Institutes of Health Research Group in Lung Development Hospitalfor Sick children Toronto canada M5G 1X8Department of Paediatrics University of Toronto Toronto canada M5S 1A1 Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Toronto canada M5S 1A1

Interleukin (IL)-8 is a potent neutrophil chemotactic factor and a crucial mediator in neutrophil-dependent *** cell types produce IL-8, either in response to external stimuli such as cytokines or bacterial infection, or aftermalignant transformation. Anti-IL-8 strategies have been considered for anti-inflammatory therapy. In this paper wedemonstrate that the RNA interference technique can be used to efficiently down-regulate IL-8 protein expression inairway epithelial cells. We used a helper-dependent adenoviral vector to express a small hairpin (sh)RNA targetinghuman IL-8 in cultured airway epithelial cells (IB3-1, cftr-/-; c38, cftr-corrected) stimulated with TNF-α, IL-1β orheat-inactivated Burkholderia cenocepacia. Stimulated IL-8 expression in IB3-1 and c38 cells was significantly reducedby shRNA expression. The shRNA targeting IL-8 had no effect on the activation of NF-κB, or on the protein levels ofIκB or IL-6, suggesting that this anti-IL-8 strategy was highly specific, and therefore may offer potential for thetreatment of inflammatory diseases.

关键词： Interleukin-8 RNA interference helper-dependent adenoviral vector inflammation chemokine neutrophil cystic fibrosis.

The health and economic benefits of the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (2000–2014)

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 453-471页

作者： Hugo c.Turner Alison A.Bettis Brian K.chu Deborah A.McFarland pamela J.Hooper Eric A.Ottesen Mark H.Bradley London centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research LondonUK Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology School of Public HealthFaculty of MedicineSt Marys CampusImperial College LondonNorfolk PlaceLondon W21PGUK Neglected Tropical Diseases Support center Task Force for Global HealthDecaturGAUSA Rollins School of Public Health Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA. Global Health Programs GlaxoSmithKlineLondonUK

Background:Lymphatic filariasis(LF),also known as elephantiasis,is a neglected tropical disease(NTD)targeted for elimination through a Global Programme to Eliminate LF(GPELF).Between 2000 and 2014,the GPELF has delivered 5.6 billion treatments to over 763 million *** the estimated health and economic benefits of this significant achievement is important in justifying the resources and investment needed for eliminating ***:We combined previously established models to estimate the number of clinical manifestations and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)averted from three benefit cohorts(those protected from acquiring infection,those with subclinical morbidity prevented from progressing and those with clinical disease alleviated).The economic savings associated with this disease prevention was then analysed in the context of prevented medical expenses incurred by LF clinical patients,potential income loss through lost-labour,and prevented costs to the health system to care for affected *** indirect cost estimates were calculated using the human capital approach.A combination of four wage sources was used to estimate the fair market value of time for an agricultural worker with LF infection(to ensure a conservative estimate,the lowest wage value was used).Results:We projected that due to the first 15 years of the GPELF 36 million clinical cases and 175(116–250)million DALYs will potentially be *** was estimated that due to this notable health impact,US$100.5 billion will potentially be saved over the lifetimes of the benefit *** total amount results from summing the medical expenses incurred by LF patients(US$3 billion),potential income loss(US$94 billion),and costs to the health system(US$3.5 billion)that were projected to be *** results were subjected to sensitivity analysis and were most sensitive to the assumed percentage of work hours lost for those suffering from chronic disease(changing the total economic

关键词： Lymphatic filariasis DALYs averted Health impact Economic impact GPELF Programme evaluation

Paladin, a tyrosine phosphatase-like protein, is required for XA21-mediated immunity in rice

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Plant communications 2021年第4期2卷 116-126页

作者： Tsung-chi chen Mawsheng chern Michael Steinwand Deling Ruan Yu Wang Arkin Isharani pamela ronald Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome center University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

XA21 encodes a rice immune receptor that confers robust resistance to most strains of the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae ***(Xoo).XA21-mediated immunity is triggered by recognition of a small protein called RaxX-sY(required for activation of XA21-mediated immunity X,tyrosine-sulfated)secreted by *** identify components regulating XA21-mediated immunity,we generated and screened a mutant population of fast-neutron-mutagenized rice expressing Ubi:Myc-XA21 for those susceptible to ***,we report the characterization of one of these rice mutants,named sxi2(suppressor of XA21-mediated immunity-2).Whole-genome sequencing revealed that sxi2 carries a deletion of the PALADIN(PALD)gene encoding a protein with three putative protein tyrosine phosphatase-like domains(PTP-A,-B,and-c).Expression of PALD in the sxi2 genetic background was sufficient to complement the susceptible phenotype,which requires the catalytic cysteine of the PTP-A active site to restore *** coimmunoprecipitated with the full-length XA21 protein,whose levels are positively regulated by the presence of the PALD ***,we foundd that sxi2 retains many hallmarks of XA21-mediated immunity,similar to the wild *** results reveal that PALD,a previously uncharacterized class of phosphatase,functions in rice innate immunity,and suggest that the conserved cysteine in the PTP-A domain of PALD is required for its immune function.

关键词： XA21 rice bacterial blight disease Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae fast-neutron mutagenesis PALD

Anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils of cymbopogon validus(Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy from Eastern cape, South Africa

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第5期9卷 415-419页

作者： pamela Rungqu Opeoluwa Oyedeji Benedicta Nkeh-chungag Sandile Songca Oluwatobi Oluwafemi Adebola Oyedeji Department of chemistry Faculty of Science and Agriculture University of Fort Hare Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences Walter Sisulu University Department of chemical and Physical Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences Walter Sisulu University Department of Applied chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Johannesburg

Objective: To evaluate the essential oil composition and the anti-inflammatory activity of cymbopogon validus(c. validus) leaves and flowers. Methods: A total of 300 g of fresh or dry(leaves and flowers) of c. validus were cut into small pieces and subjected to hydro-distillation method for approximately 5 h using the clevenger apparatus. The extracted essential oils were then used for testing the anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using egg-albumin induced paw edema. Results: The extracted oils had the following yields 2.2% for fresh leaves, 2.0% for dry leaves and 2.4% v/w for dry flowers. GcMS results revealed that the oils contained artemisia ketone(37.5%), linalool(3.2%-29.6%), northujane(4.4%-16.8%), verbenone(13.5%), naphthalene(1.7%-9.6%), δ-cadinene(0.5%-8.1%), hedycaryol(5.4%-7.6%) and α-eudesmol(6.5%-6.7%) as the major constituents. c. validus essential oils showed significant(Pcts from the first 30 min after albumin injection compared to aspirin which had a later onset of effect. conclusions: The findings of this study show that the essential oil extracted from c. validus fresh or dry leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory properties; that might be associated with the major components and the minor components found in the essential oils.

关键词： cymbopogon validus Essential oils Anti-inflammation Artemisia ketone Linalool Egg albumin-induced edema

cYP72A67 catalyzes a Key Oxidative Step in Medicago truncatula Hemolytic Saponin Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2015年第10期8卷 1493-1506页

作者： Elisa Biazzi Maria carelli Aldo Tava pamela Abbruscato Ilaria Losini Pinarosa Avato carla Scotti Ornella calderini consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e I'analisi dell'economia agraria (cRA) Centro di Ricerche per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero Casearie 26900 Lodi Italy Parco Tecnologico Padano 26900 Lodi Italy Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Universita degli Studi di Bad Aldo Moro 70125 Bari Italy consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (cNR) Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse 06128 Perugia Italy These authors contributed equally to this article.

In the Medicago genus, triterpenic saponins are bioactive secondary metabolites constitutively synthesized in the aerial and subterranean parts of plants via the isoprenoid pathway. Exploitation of saponins as pharmaceutics, agrochemicals and in the food and cosmetic industries has raised interest in identifying the enzymes involved in their synthesis. We have identified a cytochrome P450 （cYP72A67） involved in hemolytic sapogenin biosynthesis by a reverse genetic TILLING approach in a Medicago truncatula ethyl- methanesulfonate （EMS） mutagenized collection. Genetic and biochemical analyses, mutant complementation, and expression of the gene in a microsome yeast system showed that cYP72A67 is responsible for hydroxylation at the c-2 position downstream of oleanolic acid synthesis. The affinity of cYP72A67 for substrates with different substitutions at multiple carbon positions was investigated in the same in vitro yeast system, and in relation to two other cYP450s （cYP72A68） responsible for the production of medicagenic acid, the main sapogenin in M. truncatula leaves and roots. Full sib mutant and wild-type plants were compared for their sapogenin profile, expression patterns of the genes involved in sapogenin synthesis, and response to inoculation with Sinorhizobium meliloti. The results obtained allowed us to revise the hemolytic sapogenin pathway in M. truncatula and contribute to highlighting the tissue specificities （leaves/roots） of sapogenin synthesis.

关键词： Medicago truncatula saponin pathway cytochrome P450 cYP72A67 cYP72A68 TILLING analysis

Business research methods 9th ed. 9th ed.

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Taxonomy of the White-browed Shortwing(Brachypteryx montana)complex on mainland Asia and Taiwan:an integrative approach supports recognition of three instead of one species

丛书名： The McGraw-Hill/Irwin series.

2006年

作者： Donald R. cooper pamela S. Schindler

Includes bibliographical references (p. 682-704) and indexes.

ISBN: (纸本)0072979232

Includes bibliographical references (p. 682-704) and indexes.

关键词： Industrial management

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Avian Research 2018年第4期9卷 281-293页

作者： Per Alstrom pamela c.Rasmussen canwei Xia Magnus Gelang Yang Liu Guoling chen Min Zhao Yan Hao chao Zhao Jian Zhao chengte Yao James A.Eaton Robert Hutchinson Fumin Lei Urban Olsson Department of Ecology and Genetics Animal EcologyEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityNorbyvaen 18D752 36 UppsalaSweden Swedish Species Information centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences(SLU)Box 7007750 07 UppsalaSweden Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Integrative Biology and MSU Museum Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48864USA Bird Group The Natural History Museum at TringAkeman StreetTring HP23 6APUK Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Gothenburg Natural History Museum Box 7283402 35 GoteborgSweden State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Department of EcologySchool of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China cloud Mountain conservation Dali 671003YunnanChina High-Altitude Experimental Station Endemic Species Research InstituteCOAChi-chi 55244TaiwanChina Birdtour Asia 17 Keats AvenueLittleoverDerby DE23 4EEUK Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences Systematics and BiodiversityUniversity of GothenburgBox 463405 30 GoeborgSweden

Background: The White-browed Shortwing(Brachypteryx montana) is widespread from the central Himalayas to the southeast chinese mainland and the island of Taiwan, the Philippines and Indonesia. Multiple subspecies are recognised, and several of these have recently been suggested to be treated as separate species based on differences in morphology and ***: We here analyse plumage, morphometrics, songs, two mitochondrial and two nuclear markers, and geographical distributions of the two mainland Asian taxa B. m. cruralis and B. m. sinensis and the Taiwan Residents B. m. ***: We conclude that these differ congruently in morphology, songs and DNA. Male B. m. goodfellowi is the most divergent in plumage(sexually monomorphic, unlike the two others; male similar to female), and B. m. cruralis and B. m. sinensis differ in male plumage maturation. The song of B. m. cruralis is strongly divergent from the others, whereas the songs of B. m. sinensis and B. m. goodfellowi are more similar to each other. Brachypteryx m. sinensis and B. m. goodfellowi are sisters, with an estimated divergence time 4.1 million years ago(mya; 95% highest posterior distribution [HPD] 2.8–5.5 mya), and B. m. cruralis separated from these two 5.8 mya(95% HPD 4.1–7.5 mya). We also report notable range extensions of B. m. sinensis as well as sympatry between this taxon and B. m. cruralis in Sichuan Province, china. Brachypteryx m. montana from Java is found to be more closely related to Lesser Shortwing(B. leucophris) and Rusty-bellied Shortwing(B. hyperythra) than to the mainland Asian and Taiwan Residents ***: Our data support a recent proposal to treat the three mainland Asian and Taiwan Residents taxa as three species, separate from B. montana sensu stricto: B. cruralis(central Himalayas to south central china and south Vietnam), B. sinensis(north central to southeastern part of china's Mainland) and B. goodfellowi(Taiwan Island).

关键词： Integrative taxonomy Morphology Song Miocene Pliocene

Early testing of insulin resistance: a tale of two lipid ratios in a group of 5th graders screened by the coronary Artery Risk Detection in Appalachian communities Project (cARDIAc Project)

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第4期15卷 398-404页

作者： charles Ituka Mosimah christa Lilly Awung-Njia Forbin pamela J.Murray Lee Pyles Elloise Elliot William Neal West Virginia University MorgantownUSA University of Yaounde I YaoundeCameroon

Background In West Virginia (WV),47% of fifth-grade children are either overweight or *** is no clear consensus regarding the definition of insulin resistance in children,and directly measuring insulin on the population level is *** proposed measures examined further in this study include triglyceride (TRIG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ratio and TRIG/low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) *** purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between TRIG/HDL-c ratio,TRIG/LDL-c ratio and insulin resistance in fifth-graders with acanthosis nigricans (AN).Methods Between 2007 and 2016,52,545 fifth-grade students in WV were assessed for *** glucose and insulin levels were collected only for a sub-group of students who were AN-positive and was used to determine insulin resistance using the Homeostatic Model for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) *** analysis included t tests and logistic regression with receiver operating characteristic *** Of the students assessed for AN,4.5% (n =2360) tested *** prevalence of insulin resistance was 79% (n =814) among 1030 with AN and complete ***/HDL-c ratio and TRIG/LDL-c ratio were significantly associated with insulin resistance (TRIG/HDL-c:Est.=0.36,P c =0.68;TRIG/LDL-c:Est.=0.87,P c =0.69).Multivariate analysis showed that increased body mass index (Est.=0.05,P c ratio (Est.=0.21,P cantly associated with insulin *** TRIG/HDL-c is a better surrogate marker of insulin resistance in AN-positive children compared to TRIG/ LDL-c ratio;so,on a population-level,cholesterol rather than insulin may be obtained for preliminary testing of early insulin resistance in children.

关键词： Acanthosis nigricans cARDIAc Project High-density lipoprotein cholesterol Insulin resistance Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol