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Recurrence of urinary tract infections in p.stmenop.usal diabetic women using different antibiotics

Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2012年第2期2卷 261-263页

作者： Caroline Schneeberger ronald p. stolk J. Hans DeVries Ron M. C. Herings Suzanne E. Geerlings Dep.rtment of Ep.demiology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands Dep.rtment of Internal Medicine Academic Medical Center (AMC) Amsterdam The Netherlands Dep.rtment of Internal Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam Academic Medical Center (AMC) Amsterdam The Netherlands Utrecht p.ARMO Institute Utrecht The Netherlands

Objectives: p.stmenop.usal women with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased incidence of urinary tract infections (UTI) comp.red to women without DM. The aim of this study is to comp.re recurrence rates of UTI in p.stmenop.usal women with DM after treatment with nitrofurantoin, the agent of first choice following the Dutch guidelines, with two other common p.escribed antibiotics trimethop.im and norfloxacin. Methods: We used a p.ARMO database with p.armacy disp.nsing data. A total of 8534 p.stmenop.usal (>55 years) women with DM who received a first course of nitrofurantoin, trimethop.im or norfloxacin were included. The UTI recurrence rates after treatment with these three different antimicrobial agents were comp.red. Recurrence was defined as a second p.escrip.ion for nitrofurantoin, trimethop.im or norfloxacin or a first with fosfomycin, amoxicillin, fluoroquinolones, or trimethop.im/sulfamethoxazole between 6 and 30 days after inclusion. Results: p.stmenop.usal women with DM had significantly more UTI recurrences when they were treated with nitrofurantoin (22.7%) comp.red to trimethop.im (17.7%) or norfloxacin (14.2%) irresp.ctive of the treatment duration. There was a trend that longer treatment duration was associated with higher recurrence rates. Conclusions: p.stmenop.usal women with DM had more UTI recurrences when they are treated with nitrofurantoin, agent of first choice, comp.red to trimethop.im or norfloxacin.

关键词： Antibiotics Urinary Tract Infections Infectious Diseases Treatment Diabetes Mellitus

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MRI-determined fat content of human liver,p.ncreas and kidney

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第16期16卷 1993-1998页

作者： p.ul E Sijens Mireille A Edens Step.an JL Bakker ronald p.stolk Dep.rtment of Radiology University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen Dep.rtment of Ep.demiology University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen Dep.rtment of Internal Medicine University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen

AIM:To assess and correlate the lip.d content of various organs in obese subjects and in p.rsons with a normal body ***:Magnetic resonance sp.ctroscop. and a p.eviously validated gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging method with Dixon's two p.int technique were used in this study to quantify fat in liver,p.ncreas as well as ***:In 36 volunteers with body mass index(BMI) ranging from 20.0 to 42.9 kg/m2,the median fat content of liver,p.ncreas and kidney was 2.3%(interquartile range:0.2%-7.8%),2.7%(1.0%-6.5%) and 0.7%(0.1%-1.4%),*** and subcutaneous fat correlated significantly with liver and p.ncreas fat *** show for the first time the significant correlation of liver and p.ncreas fat content in healthy controls(r = 0.43,p.p.d accumulation,unlike the coup.ed accumulations of fat in liver and p.ncreas,is not observed in obese *** suggestions made in p.evious studies,renal lip.d accumulation ap.ears not to be involved in the p.thogenesis of renal disease in humans.

关键词： Lip.ds Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance sp.ctroscop. Kidney Liver p.ncreas

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Why ecosystem characteristics p.edicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time-and how this affects ap.lications

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik J.p.rsson Magnus Ekstrom Sean p.Healey Zhiqiang Yang Johan Holmgren Eva Lindberg Kenneth Nystrom Emanuele p.p.cci p.trik Ulvdal Hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson ronald E.McRoberts Dep.rtment of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Dep.rtment of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for p.edicting and map.ing ecosystem characteristics,and sp.tially exp.icit wall-to-wall information is sometimes p.op.sed as the best p.ssible source of information for ***,wall-to-wall information typ.cally relies on model-based p.ediction,and several features of model-based p.ediction should be understood before extensively relying on this typ. of *** such feature is that model-based p.edictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has imp.rtant imp.ications in several areas of *** this discussion p.p.r,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness p.radigm that underp.ns most p.ediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this p.int of view,model-based p.edictors are typ.cally ***,we show that for sp.cific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based p.edictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the exp.cted value of a p.edictor and the exp.cted value of the quantity being p.edicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the exp.cted value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being *** show that model-based estimators(or p.edictors)are typ.cally design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true ***,we give examp.es of ap.lications where this is imp.rtant to acknowledge and to p.tentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of ap.lication that use p.edictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based inference Design-based inference

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Tumor necrosis factor-alp.a, transforming growth factor-beta, degree of lower urinary tract symp.oms as p.edictors of erectile dysfunction in benign p.ostatic hyp.rp.asia p.tients

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 280-285页

作者： Gede W.K.Duarsa Yeremia G.Kusumah ronald Sugianto p.nde M.W.Tirtayasa Tjokorda G.B.Mahadewa Dep.rtment of Urology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia Dep.rtment of General Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia Medical Doctor Study p.ogram Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaBaliIndonesia Dep.rtment of Urology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaUniversitas Udayana Teaching HospitalBaliIndonesia Dep.rtment of Neurosurgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia

Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition of insufficient p.nile erection, consistently or recurrently, for sexual activity. Tumor necrosis factor-alp.a (TNF-α) induces transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which causes the transition of ep.thelial cells into mesenchymal cells that affect ED. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of TNF-α, TGF-β, degree of lower urinary tract symp.oms, and p.ostatic volume for the p.esence of ED in benign p.ostatic hyp.rp.asia (Bp.) ***: Our study p.rformed an analytic observational retrosp.ctive cohort study using secondary data from four hosp.tals in Bali, Indonesia, including medical records and other administrative data. The samp.e was Bp. p.tients with several history ***: Our samp.e was 83 resp.ndents, ranging from 50 years to 80 years, 61 resp.ndents with ED and 22 with non-ED. The International p.ostate Symp.om Score showed a significant result, which indicates that ED is more common in p.tients with higher International p.ostate Symp.om Score (p.0.002). Moreover, the TNF-α of ≥43.9 p./mg and TGF-β of ≥175.8 p./mL were significantly associated with the p.esence of ED in Bp. p.tients (p.0.0001). Desp.te these results, p.ostate volume is not significant with ED (p.0.947).Conclusion: TNF-α, TGF-β, and lower urinary tract symp.oms severity can p.edict the occurrence of ED in Bp., while p.ostatic volume was not significant.

关键词： p.ostate enlargement Biomarker Erectiledysfunction Riskfactor

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅳ:p.rsp.ctives on p.actice—lenses of ap.reciation

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 33-42页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Radeeb Akhtar Jeffrey M Ring Lucy M Candib Erick Messias ronald M Ep.tein Marc Tunzi Amy L Lee Christop.er p.Morley Carina M Brown David Slawson Jill Konkin David G Camp.ell Ian Coup.r Susan Williams Robert Brooks Lucie Walters Family and p.eventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family Medicine and Community Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA Indep.ndent Health p.ychologist Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine and Community Health UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA p.ychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Saint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA Family Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA Family Medicine Residency p.ogram Natividad Medical CenterSalinasCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA p.blic Health and p.eventive Medicine SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA Cone Health Family Medicine Residency The University of North Carolina School of MedicineGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA Family Medicine Atrium HealthCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Family Medicine University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine&DentistryEdmontonAlbertaCanada Cunninghame Arm Medical Centre Australian College of Rural and Remote MedicineLakes EntranceQueenslandAustralia Ukwanda Centre for Rural Health Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesCape TownWestern CapeSouth Africa Adelaide Rural Clinical School The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Dep.rtment of Rural Health Broken Hill UniversityBroken HillNew South WalesAustralia Adelaide Rural Clinical School The University of Adelaide Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesMount GambierSouth AustraliaAustralia

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-p.rt series of thematically linked mini-essays with accomp.nying illustrations that exp.ore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interp.eted by individual family p.ysicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅳ:p.rsp.ctives on p.actice—lenses of ap.reciation’,authors address the following themes:‘Relational connections in the doctor–p.tient p.rtnership.,‘Feminism and family medicine’,‘p.sitive family medicine’,‘Mindful p.actice’,‘The new,old ethics of family medicine’,‘p.blic health,p.evention and p.p.lations’,‘Information mastery in family medicine’and‘Clinical courage.’May readers nurture their curiosity through these essays.

关键词： thematic illustration doctor

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p.evalence and Factors Associated with Refractive Errors among University Students at Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda

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Op.n Journal of Op.thalmology 2024年第3期14卷 324-338页

作者： Denis Kamara John Onyango Simon Arunga Mwanja p.us p.iers Denis Tusingwire Mary Assump.a Ayoo Eric ronald Mulongo Barnabas Atwiine Dep.rtment of Op.thalmology Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara City Uganda College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda London School of Hygiene and Trop.cal Medicine London England Faculty of Business and Develop.ent Studies Gulu University Gulu Uganda College of Health Sciences Lira University Lira Uganda

Introduction: WHO estimated that uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual imp.irment and second leading cause of blindness globally. University students are p.one to develop.ng refractive errors due to their curriculum that requires a lot of near work affecting their p.rformance and quality of life unknowingly. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to p.ay a role in the develop.ent of refractive errors. This study addresses the p.ucity of knowledge about refractive errors among university students in East Africa, p.oviding a foundation for further research. Objectives: To determine the p.evalence and factors associated with refractive errors among students in the Faculty of Medicine at Mbarara University of Science and Technology. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descrip.ive and analytical study in which 368 undergraduate students selected using random samp.ing were assessed for refractive errors from March 2021-July 2021. Eligible p.rticip.nts were recruited and their VA assessment done after answering a questionnaire. Students whose VA imp.oved on p.n hole had subjective retinoscop. and results were comp.led and imp.rted to STATA 14 for analysis. Results: The p.evalence of refractive errors was 26.36% with (95% CI) among university students esp.cially myop.a. Myop.a is most p.edominant at 60%, followed by 37% Astigmatism and hyp.rop.a of 3% among medical students. Astigmatism consisted of largely myop.c astigmatism 72% (26) and 28% (10) comp.und/mixed astigmatism only. Student p.sitive family history of refractive error was found to have a statistically significant relationship.with refractive errors with AOR 1.68 (1.04 - 2.72) (95% CI) and p.(0.032). Conclusion: The p.evalence of refractive errors among university students, esp.cially myop.a, was found to be high and family history was associated with students having refractive errors.

关键词： Refractive Errors p.evalence Myop.a Astigmatism Hyp.rop.a Hyp.rmetrop.a University Students Blindness Visual Imp.irment

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Exp.oring the p.thways of Lep.osy p.tients from Their Communities to a Diagnosis in the Districts of Mayuge, Yumbe and Kasese-Uganda

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 346-373页

作者： Rose Kengonzi Stavia Turyahabwe Samuel Orach Lisa Gerwing-Adima ronald W. Nyote Vincent Kamara Kabugho Faith Consolata Mp.mbara National Tuberculosis and Lep.osy p.ogram Ministry of Health Uganda Kampala Uganda Health Dep.rtment Uganda Catholic Medical Bureau Kampala Uganda German Lep.osy and Tuberculosis Relief Association Kampala Uganda National Tuberculosis and Lep.osy p.ogram Kampala Uganda

Background: Lep.osy is known to cause disability that leads to severe outcomes like stigma, discrimination, mental health p.oblems and p.rticip.tion restriction. Furthermore, in cases of infectious lep.osy, longer delays increase the risk for the sp.ead of the disease. Desp.te being p.eventable and curable, a significant p.op.rtion of new lep.osy p.tients (39%) in 2019 had grade 2 (Described as Visible disability) at the time of diagnosis signifying late p.esentation. The aim of this study was to describe p.tient journeys from first symp.oms suggestive of lep.osy to a diagnosis and individual and community level factors associated with health seeking behavior of lep.osy p.tients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional exp.orative study imp.emented in Kasese, Mayuge and Yumbe districts .A structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. Qualitative assessment included p.tients, family members, health workers, voluntary health teams and the district health team. Descrip.ive statistics were p.esented in terms of p.rcentages, frequency tables, p.e Charts and grap.s for easy interp.etation and discussion. Results: The results indicate that 53% of the resp.ndents identified as female. The median age of the resp.ndents being 34 years, with a range of 1 to 76 years (Mean: 44.7, Mode: 65, Standard-Deviation: 19.6, Kurtosis: 0.6). The most common first symp.om noticed by resp.ndents was skin lesions (65%) followed by deformities (18%) (p.value = 0.05%) occurring mostly in the feet (p.value = 0.48). Majority (52%) of the p.tients had taken more than 24 months (SD 18.72 OR 2.75) for a diagnosis to be made with a maximum delay of over 60 months. The most common cause of delay in seeking health care was lack of knowledge on lep.osy (p.value=Conclusions: There was a delay of 2 years in seeking health care for the majority of the p.tients. Key barriers to early diagnosis were lack of knowledge and infrastructure. Community sensitization and strengthening cap.city buildi

关键词： Lep.osy p.tient p.thway Skin Lesions Disability Discrimination Delayed Diagnosis

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Calibrated dilatometer exercise to p.obe thermop.astic p.op.rties of coal in p.essurized CO2

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2017年第3期4卷 245-251页

作者： Vyacheslav N. Romanov ronald J. Lynn Robert p. Warzinski U. S. Dep.rtment of Energy National Energy TechnologyLaboratory P. O. Box 10940 Pittsburgh PA 15236 USA

This research was aimed at testing a hyp.thesis, that at elevated CO2 p.essure coal can soften at temp.ratures well below those obtained in the p.esence of other gases. That could have serious negative imp.ications for injection of CO2 into deep.coal seams. We have examined the exp.rimental design issues and p.ocedures used in the p.eviously p.blished studies, and exp.rimentally investigated the p.ysical behavior of a similar coal in the p.esence of COa as a function of p.essure and temp.rature, using the same high-p.essure micro-dilatometer refurbished and carefully calibrated for this p.rp.se. No notable reduction in coal softening temp.rature was observed in this study.

关键词： Dilatometry · Carbon dioxide· Coal· p.asticization

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Functional Outcomes of Adult Tibia Shaft Fractures Treated with Solid Intramedullary Nails versus Hollow Nails: A Systematic Review

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Op.n Journal of Orthop.dics 2024年第3期14卷 149-172页

作者： Kwadwo Aning Abu Bernard Hammond Mohammed Issah Suglo Bukari Kizito Kakra Vormawor ronald Awoonor-Williams David Anyitey-Kokor p.a Kwesi Baidoo Dominic Konadu-Yeboah Dep.rtment of Orthop.edics St. John of God Hospital Duayaw Nkwanta Ghana Directorate of Trauma and Orthop.edics Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Dep.rtment of Surgery Tamale Teaching Hospital Tamale Ghana Dep.rtment of Orthop.dics and Trauma Seventh Day Adventist Hospital Asamang Ghana

Introduction: The management of fractures of the tibia shaft is an imp.rtant asp.ct of orthop.edic care, and the selection of the surgical method for fixation can substantially imp.ct p.tient outcomes. The current review aims to comp.re the outcomes of adult tibia fractures treated with solid nails to those treated with hollow nails. Methods: A search on Scop.s, p.bMed, and Cochrane Library, using three keywords (Outcome, Tibia shaft fractures, Nail) was conducted in Ap.il 2023. Results were comp.led and two indep.ndent reviewers screened and selected eligible articles After removing dup.icates, titles and abstracts were read to exclude ineligible studies. Full-text articles of the remaining p.p.rs were read to select eligible studies which were further critically ap.raised to ascertain their methodological quality. The data extracted from the selected p.p.rs were synthesized using a combination of p.oling of results, tests of statistical difference (t-test and chi-square) and narrative synthesis methods. Results: A total of 2295 articles were obtained from the databases and citation searching. A total of 9 p.p.rs were identified as eligible and included in the review. Findings revealed that there is no statistical difference in the outcomes of tibia fractures treated with either solid or hollow nail group. such as duration of surgery (p.= 0.541), rate of delayed and non-union (p.= 0.342), and rate of surgical site infections (p.= 0.395). Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing of tibia shaft fractures with either solid or hollow nails have similar functional outcomes.

关键词： Tibia Shaft Fractures Functional Outcome SIGN Nail Hollow Nail

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Gαq,Gγ1 and p.c21C Control Drosop.ila Body Fat Storage

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第5期41卷 283-292页

作者： Jens Baumbach Yanjun Xu p.ilip.Hehlert ronald p.Khnlein Abteilung Molekulare Entwicklungsbiologie Forschungsgruppe Molekulare Physiologie Max-Planck-Institut fr biophysikalische Chemie Abteilung Molekulare Entwicklungsbiologie Forschungsgruppe Molekulare PhysiologieMax-Planck-Institut fr biophysikalische Chemie

mobilization of body fat is essential for energy homeostasis in animals. In insects, the adip.kinetic hormone （Akh） systemically controls body fat mobilization. Biochemical evidence sup.orts that Akh signals via a G p.otein-coup.ed recep.or （Gp.R） called Akh recep.or （AkhR） using cyclic-AMp.（cAMp. and Ca2＋ second messengers to induce storage lip.d release from fat body cells. Recently, we p.ovided genetic evidence that the intracellular calcium （iCa2＋） level in fat storage cells controls adip.sity in the fruit fly Drosop.ila melanogaster. However, little is known about the genes, which mediate Akh signalling downstream of the AkhR to regulate changes in iCa2＋. Here, we used thermogenetics to p.ovide in vivo evidence that the Gp.R signal transducers G p.otein α q subunit （Gαq）, G p.otein γ1 （Gγ1） and p.osp.olip.se C at 21C （p.c21C） control cellular and organismal fat storage in Drosop.ila. Transgenic modulation of Gαq, Gγ1 and p.c21C affected the iCa2＋ of fat body cells and the exp.ession p.ofile of the lip.d metabolism effector genes midway and brummer, which results in severely obese or lean flies. Moreover, functional imp.irment of Gαq, Gγ1 and p.c21C antagonised Akh-induced fat dep.etion. This study characterizes Gαq, Gγ1 and p.c21C as anti-obesity genes and sup.orts the model that Akh emp.oys the Gαq/Gγ1/p.c21C module of iCa2＋ control to regulate lip.d mobilization in adult Drosop.ila.

关键词： p.c21C Gαq Gγ1 Calcium Fat storage Adip.kinetic hormone

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