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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-Núñez maría Fernanda González ana maría Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Treatment of spinal cord injury with biomaterials and stem cell therapy in non-human primates and humans

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 343-353页

作者： ana Milena Silva Olaya Fernanda martins Almeida ana maria Blanco martinez Suelen Adriani marques PhD Program in Pathological anatomy Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Biomedical Science Institute Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Graduate Program in Pathological anatomy Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Graduate Program in Pathological anatomy(PPGAP/UFRJ) Department of Neurobiology/Institute of BiologyCampus do GragoatáNiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil

Spinal cord injury results in the loss of sensory,motor,and autonomic functions,which almost always produces permanent physical ***,in the search for more effective treatments than those already applied for years,which are not entirely efficient,researches have been able to demonstrate the potential of biological strategies using biomaterials to tissue manufacturing through bioengineering and stem cell therapy as a neuroregenerative approach,seeking to promote neuronal recovery after spinal cord *** of these strategies has been developed and meticulously evaluated in several animal models with the aim of analyzing the potential of interventions for neuronal repair and,consequently,boosting functional *** the majority of experimental research has been conducted in rodents,there is increasing recognition of the importance,and need,of evaluating the safety and efficacy of these interventions in non-human primates before moving to clinical trials involving therapies potentially promising in *** article is a literature review from databases(PubMed,Science Direct,Elsevier,Scielo,Redalyc,Cochrane,and NCBI)from 10 years ago to date,using keywords(spinal cord injury,cell therapy,non-human primates,humans,and bioengineering in spinal cord injury).From 110 retrieved articles,after two selection rounds based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,21 articles were ***,this review arises from the need to recognize the experimental therapeutic advances applied in non-human primates and even humans,aimed at deepening these strategies and identifying the advantages and influence of the results on extrapolation for clinical applicability in humans.

关键词： bioengineering biomaterials cell therapy humans non-human primates spinal cord injury stem cell therapy

The Convex-Set Algebra and Intersection Theory on the Toric Riemann–Zariski Space

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2022年第3期38卷 465-486页

作者： ana maría BOTERO Institut Für Mathematik Universität RegensburgUniversitätsstr.3193053RegensbergGermany

In previous work of the author,a top intersection product of toric b-divisors on a smooth complete toric variety is *** is shown that a nef toric b-divisor corresponds to a convex set and that its top inetersection number equals the volume of this convex *** goal of this article is to extend this result and define an intersection product of sufficiently positive toric b-classes of arbitrary *** this,we extend the polytope algebra of McMullen to the so called convex-set algebra and we show that it embeds in the toric b-Chow *** this way,the convex-set algebra can be viewed as a ring for an intersection theory for sufficiently positive toric *** an application,we show that some Hodge type inequalities are satisfied for the convex set algebra.

关键词： Convex geometry intersection theory toric varieties b-Chow groups Riemann–Zariski spaces

Bioguided isolation of antimicrobial polyphenols from Cuspidaria convoluta leaves and their synergistic effect with antibiotics

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第10期9卷 434-442页

作者： Carola A.Torres mario A.Sturla ana M.romero maría A.Judis Department of Basic and Applied Sciences Microbiology LaboratoryUniversidad Nacional del Chaco AustralComandante Fernández 755Presidencia Roque Sáenz PenaChacoArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Buenos AiresArgentina Department of Basic and Applied Sciences Laboratory of Organic ChemistryUniversidad Nacional del Chaco AustralArgentina Department of Basic and Applied Sciences Food Industry LaboratoryUniversidad Nacional del Chaco AustralArgentina

Objective:To identify and isolate phenolic compounds from Cuspidaria convoluta,and to evaluate their antibacterial activity and synergistic effect with ***:The crude extract was prepared by maceration with methanol(5%).The dry extract was suspended in water and fractionated *** most active extract was selected by its antibacterial activity and its total phenol content was determined by spectrophotometry and by HPLC-MS/*** fractions of the most active extract were separated by column chromatography and evaluated by *** compounds were *** inhibitory concentration(MIC)of these compounds was determined by microdilution broth method,and synergism with antibiotics(ampicillin,gentamicin and oxacillin)was tested by checkerboard and time-kill ***:Coumaric acid,catechin/epicatechin,and luteolin were purified and identified from the *** was an increase in the antibacterial activity of antibiotics when they were combined with these *** combination of luteolin and ampicillin had the most potent antibacterial *** MICs of oxacillin for each of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were reduced between 4 and 8-fold when these strains were coincubated with sub-MIC(≤?MIC)levels of these compounds,demonstrating that the combination had synergistic effect for all ***:Cuspidaria convoluta contains important pharmacologically active substances that can be used to improve antibiotic efficacy.

关键词： Luteolin Ampicillin MIC reduction Antimicrobial agents

Synthesis of activated carbons from black sapote seeds,characterization and application in the elimination of heavy metals and textile dyes

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第2期28卷 613-623页

作者： Alejandra Alicia Peláez-Cid Vincent romero-Hernández ana maría Herrera-González Alejandro Bautista-Hernández Oscar Coreno-Alonso Facultad de Ingeniería Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de PueblaMexico Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de HidalgoMexico División de Ingenierías Universidad de GuanajuatoMexico

Many different techniques may be used to remove industrial pollutants from wastewater. Adsorption using activated carbon has been reported to be an effective method. This work proposes the use of a vegetable residue(black sapote seeds) as a raw material for its synthesis. These carbons were chemically activated using phosphoric acid and carbonized at 673 and 873 K. Adsorption isotherms were constructed for the textile dyes on the carbons, and this data was treated using Langmuir’s equation to quantitatively describe the adsorption process. The synthesized carbons were characterized using FTIR, EA, SEM, Nitrogen adsorption(specific surface areas of 879 and 652 m2·g-1), and their points of zero charge(2.1 and 2.3). It was possible to adsorb both heavy metals and textile dyes present in aqueous solutions and wastewaters using these activated carbons. Heavy metals were adsorbed almost completely by both carbons. Cationic dyes where adsorbed(58–59.8 mg·g-1) in greater amounts compared to anionic dyes(10–58.8 mg·g-1). The amount of anionic dyes adsorbed increased almost 30% by changing the pH of the solutions. One of the carbons was thermally regenerated on three occasions without losing its adsorption capacity and it was proved in a flow system.

关键词： Activated carbons Black sapote seeds Heavy metal adsorption Textile dye adsorption Wastewater treatment

Abscisic acid, a promising therapeutic molecule to prevent Alzheimer’s and neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1035-1036页

作者： ana maría Sánchez-Pérez Department of Medicine Universitat Jaume I

Neuroinflammatory processes induce neuronal damage and underlie the onset of neurodegenerative pathologies,including Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(Calsolaro and Edison,2016).Several conditions,ranging from emotional stress to metabolic syndrome,including traumatic brain injury,chronic infections or gut microbiota disruption can cause or aggravate ***,aging is the major factor associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： degenerative Alzheimer diseases

Risk Transfer for Populations in Precarious Urban Environments

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第1期11卷 74-86页

作者： Juan Pablo Sarmiento ana maría Torres-Munoz Extreme Events Institute/Disaster Risk and Resilience in the Americas(DRRA) Florida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA

This study explores risk transfer options that precarious and marginal urban communities could use to protect themselves from future damages and losses generated by socio-natural hazards and disasters at the individual and community levels. The design is framed within an evidence-based disaster risk reduction(DRR) strategy and follows the case study research approach. We analyze the2018 Neighborhood Approach for DRR programming evaluation carried out in four Latin American cities’ informal settlements and review relevant risk transfer experiences aimed at vulnerable populations. We calculate the pure risk premium for the four cases selected, using a previous catastrophe risk assessment for earthquakes and landslides. We propose three risk transfer options based on our analysis:(1) voluntary collective insurance;(2) structural reinforcement with a comprehensive housing insurance;and(3) hybrid parametric insurance. Risk transfer mechanisms conventionally focus on residual risk management. Here, due to the precariousness of the analyzed urban settings, the proposed alternatives go beyond the management of just residual risk to positively impact the beneficiaries’ quality of life and the reduction of the built environment’s physical vulnerability in the short and medium terms. Our study proposes a prospective estimation of future risk despite the limitations of data availability. This study opens a window to new approaches and proposes a systematic process to design DRR policy aimed at the poor and vulnerable strata of society.

关键词： Case study research Catastrophe risk assessment Informal settlements Risk transfer Urban precariousness Urban risk

Conserved Curvature of RNA Polymerase Ⅰ Core Promoter Beyond rRNA Genes: The Case of the Tritryps

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2015年第6期13卷 355-363页

作者： Pablo Smircich maría ana Duhagon Beatriz Garat Molecular Interactions Laboratory School of Sciences University of the Republic Genetics Departament School of Medicine University of the Republic

In trypanosomatids, the RNA polymerase I （RNAPI）-dependent promoters controlling the ribosomal RNA （rRNA） genes have been well identified. Although the RNAPI transcription machinery recognizes the DNA conformation instead of the DNA sequence of promoters, no con- formational study has been reported for these promoters. Here we present the in silico analysis of the intrinsic DNA curvature of the rRNA gene core promoters in Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leiskmania major. We found that, in spite of the absence of sequence conservation, these promoters hold conformational properties similar to other eukaryotic rRNA promoters. Our results also indicated that the intrinsic DNA curvature pattern is conserved within the Leishmania genus and also among strains of T. cruzi and T. brucei. Furthermore, we analyzed the impact of point mutations on the intrinsic curvature and their impact on the promoter activity. Furthermore, we found that the core promoters of protein-coding genes transcribed by RNAPI in T. brucei show the same conserved conformational characteristics. Overall, our results indicate that DNA intrinsic curvature of the rRNA gene core promoters is conserved in these ancient eukaryotes and such con- served curvature might be a requirement of RNAPI machinery for transcription of not only rRNA genes but also protein-coding genes.

关键词： Intrinsic curvature RNA polymerase I Core promoter Trypanosoma Leishmania

TET2, an “ambiguous” player in inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1481-1482页

作者： ana maría Espinosa-Oliva Miguel Angel Burguillos Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC

Microglial cells,the“macrophages”from the central nervous system(CNS),perform a variety of roles necessary to keep the homeostasis in the healthy ***,microglial cells are best known for their role as“first responders”through initiation of an innate immune response against a wide variety of deleterious stimuli in the *** controlled inflammatory response is beneficial and disappears once the deleterious stimuli are gone.

关键词： inflammation homeostasis delete