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Long-term monitoring of PCDD/PCDF and other unintentionally produced POPs-Concepts and case studies from Europe

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第5期53卷 1017-1024页

作者： REINMANN Jürgen WEBER roland HAAG roland Environnement S.A Deutschland Benzstrasse 1161352 Bad HomburgGermany POPs Environmental Consulting Ulmenstraβe 373035 GppingenGermany TüV Süd Industrie Service GmbH Grabenwiesenstraβe 473072 DonzdorfGermany

During the start-up and unstable combustion periods,even the state-of-the-art incinerators emit polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/PCDF) in stack gases at concentrations that are up to 1000 times higher than normal operation. Therefore,incinerators and other sources with variation of PCDD/PCDF release into air cannot be reliably monitored by the conventional short-term sampling that covers only 0.1%to 0.2%of the yearly operating time.A more comprehensive monitoring regime is *** paper describes different applications of continuous PCDD/PCDF sampling in some European *** cases demonstrate that flexible regimes for continuous sampling can be crafted and applied by governments or regional/local *** regimes range from a countrywide,continuous requirement for selected facility types(e.g.,waste incinerators) to a facility-specific regime that applies,for example,to new facilities for a defined time period until the facility has demonstrated continuous compliance with regulatory limits. Countries implementing the Stockholm Convention are suggested to evaluate in their Best available technology/Best environmental practice(BAT/BEP) activities the usefulness of long-term sampling by,for example,designating institutes related to the environmental ministry or regional authorities to supervise long-term sampling regimes at relevant facilities in their country/areas,beginning with priority sources(e.g.,facilities used for destruction of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) or hazardous waste processing) . This paper presents and discusses the results of the AMESA long-term monitoring system having demonstrated that in addition to PCDD/PCDF all other unintentionally produced POPs listed in the Stockholm Convention could be supervised.

关键词： PCDD/PCDF PCB continuous sampling unintentionally produced POPs Stockholm Convention BAT/BEP

Sovereignty:Emphases,Traditions,and Transformations During a Time of Qualitative Change-A Review Bloomsbury Edited by Stella Achilleos and Antonis Balasopoulos Reading Texts on Sovereignty:Textual Moments in the History of Political ***:2021

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2023年第1期16卷 113-121页

作者： roland Boer School of Marxism Dalian University of TechnologyDalianChina

As the world experiences a relatively rare period of qualitative change-along with the crises and conflicts characteristic of such periods-the question of sovereignty has once again come to the *** this reason,the edited collection entitled Reading Texts on Sovereignty:Textual Moments in the History of Political Thought(Achilleos and Balasopoulos 2021)is timely *** bulk of this paper is a review of the collection,albeit a review that identifies thematic and theoretical questions,as well gaps and *** final section raises some pertinent questions concerning sovereignty in a time of qualitative change.

关键词： qualitative History Transformation

Initial assessment of imports of chlorinated paraffins into Nigeria and the need of improvement of the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions

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Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 360-370页

作者： Joshua O.Babayemi Innocent C.Nnorom roland Weber Environmental Management and Toxicology Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Medical Sciences OndoNigeria Anchor University Centre for Global Health Nigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Abia State University UturuNigeria POPs Environmental Consulting 73527Schw€abisch GmündGermany

Short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins(SCCPs/MCCPs)are of concern due to their persistence,bioaccumulation,and *** were listed in 2017 as persistent organic pollutants(POPs)in the Stockholm Convention and Rotterdam Convention for Prior Informed Consent(PIC)*** are evaluated in the POPs Reviewing Committee for *** in Africa demonstrate high SCCP/MCCP levels in house dust and human ***,this study undertook an initial assessment of the production and import situation in *** Nigerian government has not assessed SCCPs yet and has no registered exemptions for SCCPs and therefore should not produce or use ***,Nigeria has not notified Rotterdam Convention of PIC procedure and,therefore,no SCCP should be imported into *** no local production of SCCPs/MCCPs was observed in Nigeria,this study therefore compiled data on importation of SCCPs/MCCPs and products which may likely contain these chemicals from the UN Comtrade Database for the period 1996 to *** the listing of SCCPs in the Rotterdam Convention,there is still no specific Harmonized System(HS)codes for SCCPs/*** study therefore used HS codes of product categories known to contain SCCPs/*** substance categories under which SCCP/MCCPs are usually imported include plasticisers and other product categories that amounted to 229,779 and 518,342 tonnes respectively but without specific information on the type of *** 39%of PVC and rubber imports of 2,683,015 tonnes and 3,516,052 tonnes respectively contain *** on the SCCP and MCCP impact factors from literature for China,the highest amount of SCCP(33,712 tonnes)was imported in the different PVC products while rubber products accounted to 1386 tonnes and PUR foam to 2331 *** amount of imported MCCPs in PVC products(25,599 tonnes)and rubber products(32,317 tonnes)was in the same order of magnitude while MCCP imported in PUR foam was estimated

关键词： SCCPs/MCCPs Plasticisers Importation PVC HS Code Inventory Nigeria

Animal models of melanoma: a somatic cell gene delivery mouse model allows rapid evaluation of genes implicated in human melanoma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011年第3期30卷 153-162页

作者： Andrea J. mckinney Sheri L. Holmen Department of Drug and Target Discovery Nevada Cancer Institute

The increasing incidence and mortality associated with advanced stages of melanoma are cause for concern. Few treatment options are available for advanced melanoma and the 5-year survival rate is less than 15%. Targeted therapies may revolutionize melanoma treatment by providing less toxic and more effective strategies. However, maximizing effectiveness requires further understanding of the molecular alterations that drive tumor formation, progression, and maintenance, as well as elucidating the mechanisms of resistance. Several different genetic alterations identified in human melanoma have been recapitulated in mice. This review outlines recent progress made in the development of mouse models of melanoma and summarizes what these findings reveal about the human disease. We begin with a discussion of traditional models and conclude with the recently developed RCAS/TVA somatic cell gene delivery mouse model of melanoma.

关键词：黑色素瘤小鼠模型基因传递人类疾病体细胞快速评估动物模型治疗方案

Liquid-phase epitaxy of metal organic framework thin films

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第12期54卷 1851-1866页

作者： FISCHER roland A. Organometallics and Materials Chemistry Ruhr-Universitt Bochum

Metal-organic framework(MOF) thin films are multilayer materials ranging from nanometers to micrometers in thickness,physically or chemically adhesive to a(functionalized) substrate and,in an ideal case,exhibiting low roughness and high *** innovative approaches have been developed for MOF thin film *** these advanced materials,surface-attached metal-organic frameworks(SURMOFs) are an important class of MOF ***,fabricated in a step-by-step liquid phase epitaxial(LPE) fashion by alternating deposition of metal and organic linker precursors on a functionalized substrate,for example,thiolate-based self-assembled monolayers(SAMs),have already exhibited their utility in both research and potential *** combine surface science and the chemistry of MOFs,possessing the following unique advantages that cannot be accessed through other methods:(i) precisely controlling thickness,roughness and homogeneity as well as growth orientation,(ii) studying of MOF growth mechanism,(iii) modifying/tailoring MOFs' structures during the SURMOF growth and thus creating customizable properties,and(iv) existing in the form of thin film/membrane for direct applications,for example,as *** review discusses the oriented and crystalline SURMOFs fabricated by LPE approach,covering their preparation,growth mechanism,and characterization methodology as well as applications based upon the most newly updated knowledge.

关键词：金属薄膜液相外延框架金属有机骨架化学粘合剂多层材料自组装单层膜应用程序

Early cisternal fibrinolysis is more effective than rescue spasmolysis for the prevention of delayed infarction after subarachnoid haemorrhage

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第2期7卷 108-113页

作者： roland Roelz Christian Scheiwe Jürgen Grauvogel Istvan Csok Volker Arnd Coenen Jürgen Beck Peter C Reinacher Department of Neurosurgery Medical Center-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Medical Center-University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineFreiburgGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology(ILT) AachenGermany

Background To compare the efficacy of two different concepts of cisternal therapy—PREVENTIVE fibrinolysis plus on-demand spasmolysis versus RESCUE spasmolysis—for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm(CVS)and delayed cerebral infarction(DCI)in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage(aSAH).Methods Retrospective analysis of 84 aSAH patients selected for cisternal therapy for DCI prevention.66 high-risk patients received PREVENTIVE cisternal therapy to enhance blood *** stereotactic catheter ventriculocisternostomy(STX-VCS)or intraoperative placement of a cisterno-ventriculostomy catheter(CVC),followed by fibrinolytic cisternal lavage using urokinase was *** case of vasospasm,nimodipine was applied intrathecally.22 low-risk patients who developed CVS against expectations were selected for STX-VCS as RESCUE intervention for cisternal spasmolysis with *** of DCI and mean flow velocities of daily transcranial Doppler(TCD)ultrasonographies were *** Despite a higher prespecified DCI risk,patients selected for PREVENTIVE intervention primarily aiming at blood clearance had a lower DCI rate compared with patients selected for intrathecal spasmolysis as a RESCUE therapy(11.3%vs 18.2%).After intrathecal treatment onset,CVS(TCD>160 cm/s)occurred in 45%of patients with PREVENTIVE and 77%of patients with RESCUE therapy(p=0.013).A stronger response of CVS to intrathecal nimodipine was observed in patients with PREVENTIVE intervention as the mean CVS duration after start of intrathecal nimodipine was 3.2 days compared with 5.8 days in patients with RESCUE therapy(p=0.026).Conclusions PREVENTIVE cisternal therapy directed at blood clearance is more effective for the prevention of CVS and delayed infarction compared with cisternal RESCUE spasmolysis.

关键词： prevention spasmolysis infarction

Preconditioning for a Phase-Field Model with Application to Morphology Evolution in Organic Semiconductors

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Communications in Computational Physics 2023年第6期33卷 1-17页

作者： Kai Bergermann Carsten Deibel roland Herzog Roderick C.I.MacKenzie Jan-Frederik Pietschmann Martin Stoll Technische Universitat Chemnitz Faculty of Mathematics09107 ChemnitzGermany Technische Universitat Chemnitz Department of Physics09126 ChemnitzGermany Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing Heidelberg University69120 HeidelbergGermany Durham University Department of EngineeringDurhamUK

The Cahn–Hilliard equations are a versatile model for describing the evolution of complex *** this paper we present a computational pipeline for the numerical solution of a ternary phase-field model for describing the nanomorphology of donor–acceptor semiconductor blends used in organic photovoltaic *** model consists of two coupled fourth-order partial differential equations that are discretized using a finite element *** order to solve the resulting large-scale linear systems efficiently,we propose a preconditioning strategy that is based on efficient approximations of the Schur-complement of a saddle point *** show that this approach performs robustly with respect to variations in the discretization ***,we outline that the computed morphologies can be used for the computation of charge generation,recombination,and transport in organic solar cells.

关键词： Preconditioning phase-field models organic solar cells Cahn-Hilliard finite element analysis

On the Numerical Solution to a Nonlinear Wave Equation Associated with the First Painlev Equation:an Operator-Splitting Approach

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2013年第2期34卷 237-254页

作者： roland GLOWINSKI Annalisa QUAINI Department of Mathematics University of Houston4800 Calhoun RdHouston(TX) 77204USA Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions Universit Pierre et Marie Curie4Place Jussieu75252 Paris CEDEX 05France

The main goal of this article is to discuss the numerical solution to a nonlinear wave equation associated with the first of the celebrated Painlev'e transcendent ordinary differential *** order to solve numerically the above equation,whose solutions blow up in finite time,the authors advocate a numerical methodology based on the Strang's symmetrized operator-splitting *** this approach,one can decouple nonlinearity and differential operators,leading to the alternate solution at every time step of the equation as follows:(i) The first Painlevé ordinary differential equation,(ii) a linear wave equation with a constant *** that the space dimension is two,the authors consider a fully discrete variant of the above scheme,where the space-time discretization of the linear wave equation sub-steps is achieved via a Galerkin/finite element space approximation combined with a second order accurate centered time discretization *** handle the nonlinear sub-steps,a second order accurate centered explicit time discretization scheme with adaptively variable time step is used,in order to follow accurately the fast dynamic of the solution before it blows *** results of numerical experiments are presented for different coefficients and boundary *** show that the above methodology is robust and describes fairly accurately the evolution of a rather "violent" phenomenon.

关键词：非线性波动方程 Painlevé方程数值解法操作员 Galerkin 常微分方程分裂分离方法

A Penalty-Regularization-Operator Splitting Method for the Numerical Solution of a Scalar Eikonal Equation

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2015年第5期36卷 659-688页

作者： Alexandre CABOUSSAT roland GLOWINSKI Haute Ecole de Gestion de Genève HES-SO//University of Applied Sciences Department of Mathematics University of Houston

In this article, we discuss a numerical method for the computation of the minimal and maximal solutions of a steady scalar Eikonal equation. This method relies on a penalty treatment of the nonlinearity, a biharmonic regularization of the resulting variational problem, and the time discretization by operator-splitting of an initial value problem associated with the Euler-Lagrange equations of the regularized variational problem. A low-order finite element discretization is advocated since it is well-suited to the low regularity of the solutions. Numerical experiments show that the method sketched above can capture efficiently the extremal solutions of various two-dimensional test problems and that it has also the ability of handling easily domains with curved boundaries.

关键词：正则化算子程函方程分裂方法标量数值解欧拉-拉格朗日方程惩罚有限元离散化