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Use of Microwave Radiances from Metop-C and Fengyun-3 C/D Satellites for a Northern European Limited-area Data Assimilation System

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第8期38卷 1415-1428页

作者： Magnus LINDSKOG Adam DYBBROE roger RANDRIAMAMPIANINA Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Folkborgsvägen 1760361 NorrköpingSweden Norwegian Meteorological Institute Henrik Mohns Plass 10371 OsloNorway

MetCoOp is a Nordic collaboration on operational Numerical Weather Prediction based on a common limited-area km-scale ensemble system. The initial states are produced using a 3-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme utilizing a large amount of observations from conventional in-situ measurements, weather radars, global navigation satellite system, advanced scatterometer data and satellite radiances from various satellite platforms. A version of the forecasting system which is aimed for future operations has been prepared for an enhanced assimilation of microwave radiances. This enhanced data assimilation system will use radiances from the Microwave Humidity Sounder, the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A and the Micro-Wave Humidity Sounder-2 instruments on-board the Metop-C and Fengyun-3 C/D polar orbiting satellites. The implementation process includes channel selection, set-up of an adaptive bias correction procedure, and careful monitoring of data usage and quality control of observations. The benefit of the additional microwave observations in terms of data coverage and impact on analyses, as derived using the degree of freedom of signal approach, is demonstrated. A positive impact on forecast quality is shown, and the effect on the precipitation for a case study is examined. Finally, the role of enhanced data assimilation techniques and adaptions towards nowcasting are discussed.

关键词： data assimilation regional numerical weather prediction microwave radiances

Optimizing the size of the area surveyed for monitoring a Eurasian lynx(Lynx lynx)population in the Swiss Alps by means of photographic capture–recapture

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第3期8卷 232-243页

作者： Fridolin zimmermann Christine BREITENMOSER-WÜRSTEN Anja MOLINARI-JOBIN Urs BREITENMOSER KORA MuriSwitzerland Institute of Veterinary Virology University of BernBernSwitzerland

We studied the influence of surveyed area size on density estimates by means of camera-trapping in a low-density felid population(1-2 individuals/100 km^(2)).We applied non-spatial capture-recapture(CR)and spatial CR(SCR)models for Eurasian lynx during winter 2005/2006 in the northwestern Swiss Alps by sampling an area divided into 5 nested plots ranging from 65 to 760 km^(2).CR model density estimates(95%CI)for models M_(0)and M_(h)decreased from 2.61(1.55-3.68)and 3.6(1.62-5.57)independent lynx/100 km^(2),respectively,in the smallest to 1.20(1.04-1.35)and 1.26(0.89-1.63)independent lynx/100 km^(2),respectively,in the largest area *** model density estimates also decreased with increasing sampling area but not *** individual range overlaps in relatively small areas(the edge effect)is the most plausible reason for this positive bias in the CR *** results confirm that SCR models are much more robust to changes in trap array size than CR models,thus avoiding overestimation of density in smaller ***,when a study is concerned with monitoring population changes,large spatial efforts(area surveyed≥760 km^(2))are required to obtain reliable and precise density estimates with these population densities and recapture rates.

关键词： area surveyed density estimation Lynx lynx photographic capture-recapture Swiss Alps

Science and Disaster Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2010年第1期1卷 3-9页

作者： roger E.Kasperson Graduate School of Geography Clark University Worcester MA 01610 USA

A serious gap exists between science and disaster decision making, so that many scientific reports have little impact and fail to inform decision making. This article examines the complex linkages between science and disaster reduction, analyzing the barriers that prevent more effective use of science and suggesting how the gap between science and decision making may be narrowed.

关键词： disaster narrow decision

Environmental insults:critical triggers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2017年第1期6卷 147-156页

作者： Bing Yu roger Pamphlett Sydney Medical School(Central) The University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Department of Medical Genomics Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health PathologyCamperdownNSW 2050Australia Discipline of Pathology Brain and Mind CentreThe University of Sydney94 Mallett StCamperdownNSW 2050Australia Department of Neuropathology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSW 2050Australia

Background:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterised by a rapid loss of lower and upper motor *** a complex disease,the ageing process and complicated gene-environment interactions are involved in the majority of *** body:Significant advances have been made in unravelling the genetic susceptibility to ALS with massively parallel sequencing technologies,while environmental insults remain a suspected but largely unexplored source of *** studies applying the strategy of Mendelian randomisation have strengthened the link between environmental insults and ALS,but none so far has proved *** propose a new ALS model which links the current knowledge of genetic factors,ageing and environmental *** model provides a mechanism as to how ALS is initiated,with environmental insults playing a critical ***:The available evidence has suggested that inherited defect(s)could cause mitochondrial dysfunction,which would establish the primary susceptibility to *** study of the underlying mechanism may shed light on ALS *** insults are a critical trigger for ALS,particularly in the aged individuals with other toxicant susceptible *** identification of ALS triggers could lead to preventive strategies for those individuals at risk.

关键词： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Environmental risk factors Mendelian randomisation Mitochondrial dysfunction Trigger Initiation Spread

Nanoparticles for targeted cancer radiotherapy

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Nano Research 2020年第11期13卷 2887-2897页

作者： roger M.Pallares Rebecca J.Abergel Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Nuclear Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA

Radiotherapy,where ionizing radiation is locally delivered either through an external beam or by surgically implanting radionuclide-based seeds in the tumor,is one of the gold standard treatments for *** to the non-selective nature of radiation,healthy tissue surrounding the cancerous region is usually affected by the ***,new strategies,including targeted alpha therapy,are being studied to improve the selectivity of the treatment and minimize side *** challenges,however,limit the current development of targeted radiotherapy,such as the functionalization of the therapeutic agent with targeting vectors and controlling the release of recoiling *** offer unique opportunities as drug delivery vehicles,since they are biocompatible,enhance the cellular uptake of drugs,and are easily functionalized with targeting *** this review,we examine how nanoparticles can be used for targeted radiotherapy,either as sensitizers of external beams or as delivery vehicles for therapeutic *** describe the clinical relevance of different types of nanoparticles,followed by an analysis of how these nanoconstructs can solve some of the main limitations of conventional ***,we critically discuss the current situation of nanoparticle-based radiotherapy in clinical settings and challenges that need to be overcome in the future for further development of the field.

关键词： radiotherapy targeted cancer radiotherapy nanoparticles cancer targeted alpha therapy external beam

Is it time to abandon the biological species concept? No

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National Science Review 2020年第8期7卷 1400-1401页

作者： roger K.Butlin Sean Stankowski Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg

The Oxford English Dictionary defines a concept as, ‘an idea of a class of objects, a general notion’. It follows from this definition that a concept cannot be rejected in the way that a hypothesis might be rejected if its predictions are inconsistent with observations. Instead, a concept must be judged by its heuristic value:does it help in making sense of the natural world?

关键词： GENOMICS

New Food Safety Law of China and the special issue on food safety in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2136-2141页

作者： Shu Geng LIU Xu roger Beachy Journal of Integrative Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sino-US Joint Food Safety Research Center Northwest A&F University Chinese Academy of Engineering World Food Center University of California

1. IntroductionThere have been a number of serious incidents of compro- mised food safety in China in recent years. To list a few, these include： a Salmonella outbreak, the use of horse- meat in burgers, the illegal use of phthalates as a clouding agent, the contamination of formula milk by melamine, the meat scandal of Shanghai Husi Food Company which sold reprocessed stale meat to many fast food chains includ- ing McDonald＇s, Burger King, and KFC across theworld,

关键词： New Food Safety Law of China and the special issue on food safety in China FSMA

Statistical analyses of Global U-Pb Database 2017

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第1期9卷 121-145页

作者： Stephen J.Puetz Carlos E.Ganade Udo zimmermann Glenn Borchardt Progressive Science Institute HonoluluHI 96815USA Geological Survey of Brazil Rio de JaneiroBrazil University of Stavanger Department of Petroleum EngineeringStavangerNorway Progressive Science Institute Box 5335BerkeleyCA 94705USA

The method of obtaining zircon samples affects estimation of the global U-Pb age *** typically collect zircons via convenience sampling and cluster *** using these techniques,weight adjustments proportional to the areas of the sampled regions improve upon unweighted ***,grid-area and modern sediment methods are used to weight the samples from a new database of 418,967 U-Pb *** tests involve two age ***-1 uses the most precise U-Pb ages as the best ***-2 uses the^(206)Pb/^(238)U age as the best age if it is less than a1000 Ma cutoff,otherwise it uses the^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb age as the best age.A correlation analysis between the Model-1 and Model-2 ages indicates nearly identical distributions for both ***,after applying acceptance criteria to include only the most precise analyses with minimal discordance,a histogram of the rejected samples shows excessive rejection of the Model-2 analyses around the1000 Ma cutoff *** of the excessive rejection rate for Model-2,we select Model-1 as the preferred *** eliminating all rejected samples,the remaining analyses use only Model-1 ages for five rock-type subsets of the database:igneous,meta-igneous,sedimentary,meta-sedimentary,and modern ***,time-series plots,cross-correlation analyses,and spectral analyses determine the degree of alignment among the time-series and their *** all rock types,the U-Pb age distributions are similar for ages older than 500 Ma,but align poorly for ages younger than 500 *** similarities(>500 Ma)and differences(<500 Ma)highlight how reductionism from a detailed database enhances understanding of time-dependent sequences,such as erosion,detrital transport mechanisms,lithification,and ***-series analyses and spectral analyses of the age distributions predominantly indicate a synchronous period-tripling sequence of^91-Myr,~273-Myr,and^819-Myr among the various rock typ

关键词： Time series Spectral analysis Periodicity Sampling Reductionism Zircon

Transplantation of primary and reversibly immortalized human liver cells and other gene therapies in acute liver failure and decompensated chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第5期6卷 636-642页

作者： Stephen M.Riordan roger Williams Institute of Hepatology University College London and University College London HospitalsLondonEngland Department of GastroenterologyThe Prince of Wales HospitalSydneyAustralia Institute of Hepatology University College London and University College London HospitalsLondonEngland

Studies performed in experimental small animalswith hepatic-based metabolic disorders but nostructural liver disease,including Gunn andanalbuminaemic rats and rabbits with inherited low-density lipoprotein receptor deficiency,have shownthat up to 95% of hepatocytes transplanted into thespleen or liver remain in these sites,withimprovement in metabolic function

关键词： liver failure acute liver diseases liver transplantation gene therapy animals laboratory transfering growth factor beta