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Environmental insults:critical triggers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2017年第1期6卷 147-156页

作者： Bing Yu roger Pamphlett Sydney Medical School(Central) The University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Department of Medical Genomics Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health PathologyCamperdownNSW 2050Australia Discipline of Pathology Brain and Mind CentreThe University of Sydney94 Mallett StCamperdownNSW 2050Australia Department of Neuropathology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSW 2050Australia

Background:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterised by a rapid loss of lower and upper motor *** a complex disease,the ageing process and complicated gene-environment interactions are involved in the majority of *** body:Significant advances have been made in unravelling the genetic susceptibility to ALS with massively parallel sequencing technologies,while environmental insults remain a suspected but largely unexplored source of *** studies applying the strategy of Mendelian randomisation have strengthened the link between environmental insults and ALS,but none so far has proved *** propose a new ALS model which links the current knowledge of genetic factors,ageing and environmental *** model provides a mechanism as to how ALS is initiated,with environmental insults playing a critical ***:The available evidence has suggested that inherited defect(s)could cause mitochondrial dysfunction,which would establish the primary susceptibility to *** study of the underlying mechanism may shed light on ALS *** insults are a critical trigger for ALS,particularly in the aged individuals with other toxicant susceptible *** identification of ALS triggers could lead to preventive strategies for those individuals at risk.

关键词： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Environmental risk factors Mendelian randomisation Mitochondrial dysfunction Trigger Initiation Spread

Nanoparticles for targeted cancer radiotherapy

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Nano Research 2020年第11期13卷 2887-2897页

作者： roger M.Pallares Rebecca J.Abergel Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Nuclear Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA

Radiotherapy,where ionizing radiation is locally delivered either through an external beam or by surgically implanting radionuclide-based seeds in the tumor,is one of the gold standard treatments for *** to the non-selective nature of radiation,healthy tissue surrounding the cancerous region is usually affected by the ***,new strategies,including targeted alpha therapy,are being studied to improve the selectivity of the treatment and minimize side *** challenges,however,limit the current development of targeted radiotherapy,such as the functionalization of the therapeutic agent with targeting vectors and controlling the release of recoiling *** offer unique opportunities as drug delivery vehicles,since they are biocompatible,enhance the cellular uptake of drugs,and are easily functionalized with targeting *** this review,we examine how nanoparticles can be used for targeted radiotherapy,either as sensitizers of external beams or as delivery vehicles for therapeutic *** describe the clinical relevance of different types of nanoparticles,followed by an analysis of how these nanoconstructs can solve some of the main limitations of conventional ***,we critically discuss the current situation of nanoparticle-based radiotherapy in clinical settings and challenges that need to be overcome in the future for further development of the field.

关键词： radiotherapy targeted cancer radiotherapy nanoparticles cancer targeted alpha therapy external beam

New Food Safety Law of China and the special issue on food safety in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2136-2141页

作者： Shu Geng LIU Xu roger Beachy Journal of Integrative Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sino-US Joint Food Safety Research Center Northwest A&F University Chinese Academy of Engineering World Food Center University of California

1. IntroductionThere have been a number of serious incidents of compro- mised food safety in China in recent years. To list a few, these include： a Salmonella outbreak, the use of horse- meat in burgers, the illegal use of phthalates as a clouding agent, the contamination of formula milk by melamine, the meat scandal of Shanghai Husi Food Company which sold reprocessed stale meat to many fast food chains includ- ing McDonald＇s, Burger King, and KFC across theworld,

关键词： New Food Safety Law of China and the special issue on food safety in China FSMA

Is it time to abandon the biological species concept? No

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National Science Review 2020年第8期7卷 1400-1401页

作者： roger K.Butlin Sean Stankowski Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg

The Oxford English Dictionary defines a concept as, ‘an idea of a class of objects, a general notion’. It follows from this definition that a concept cannot be rejected in the way that a hypothesis might be rejected if its predictions are inconsistent with observations. Instead, a concept must be judged by its heuristic value:does it help in making sense of the natural world?

关键词： GENOMICS

Transplantation of primary and reversibly immortalized human liver cells and other gene therapies in acute liver failure and decompensated chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第5期6卷 636-642页

作者： Stephen M.Riordan roger Williams Institute of Hepatology University College London and University College London HospitalsLondonEngland Department of GastroenterologyThe Prince of Wales HospitalSydneyAustralia Institute of Hepatology University College London and University College London HospitalsLondonEngland

Studies performed in experimental small animalswith hepatic-based metabolic disorders but nostructural liver disease,including Gunn andanalbuminaemic rats and rabbits with inherited low-density lipoprotein receptor deficiency,have shownthat up to 95% of hepatocytes transplanted into thespleen or liver remain in these sites,withimprovement in metabolic function

关键词： liver failure acute liver diseases liver transplantation gene therapy animals laboratory transfering growth factor beta

Finite Volume Multilevel Approximation of the Shallow Water Equations

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2013年第1期34卷 1-28页

作者： Arthur BOUSQUET Martine MARION roger TEMAM The Institute for Scientific Computing and Applied Mathematics Indiana University Département Mathématique Informatique Université de LyonEcole Centrale de Lyon

The authors consider a simple transport equation in one-dimensional space and the linearized shallow water equations in two-dimensional space, and describe and implement a multilevel finite-volume discretization in the context of the utilization of the incremental unknowns. The numerical stability of the method is proved in both cases.

关键词： Finite-volume methods Multilevel methods Shallow water equations Stability analysis

A Variational Finite Element Model for Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Flows

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2013年第5期34卷 667-682页

作者： Toma's Chac'on REBOLLO roger LEWANDOWSKI Dpto. EDAN & IMUS Universidad de SevillaC/Tarfias/n. 41012 SevillaSpain BCAM-Basque Center for Applied Mathematics AvdaMazarredo14. 48009 BilbaoSpain. Mathematical Research Institute of Rennes UMR CNRS 6625University of Rennes 1 & Fluminance teamINRIABat 22Campus Beaulieu35042 Rennes cedexFrance.

The authors introduce a new Large Eddy Simulation model in a channel, based on the projection on finite element spaces as filtering operation in its variationM form, for a given triangulation （Th）h〉0. The eddy viscosity is expressed in terms of the friction velocity in the boundary layer due to the wall, and is of a standard sub grid-model form outside the boundary layer. The mixing length scale is locally equal to the grid size. The computational domain is the channel without the linear sub-layer of the boundary layer. The no-slip boundary condition （or BC for short） is replaced by a Navier （BC） at the computational wall. Considering the steady state case, the authors show that the variational finite element model they have introduced, has a solution （Vh,Ph）h〉O that converges to a solution of the steady state Navier-Stokes equation with Navier BC.

关键词： Navier-Stokes equations Turbulence modeling Finite elements

Translational Research in Oncology Research & Development and Its Impact on Early Development in China: report of the 5th Annual Meeting of the US Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (USCACA) at 2013 AACR Annual Meeting

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2013年第7期32卷 357-362页

作者： Lingjie Guan Yun Dai roger Luo Executive Committee of the US Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (USCACA) Department of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center

In April 2013, the US Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (USCACA) held its 5th annual meeting in conjunction with the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) 2013 Annual Meeting in Washington DC. The USCACA executive committee reported activities and programs and highlighted the partnership and collaboration between USCACA and other major organizations. The key initiatives and programs of USCACA included 1) USCACA-TIGM Esophageal Cancer Program that funds translational research of esophageal cancer prevention and treatment at the Xinxiang Medical University in Henan province, China; 2) the USCACA-NFCR-AFCR Scholarship Program, which has supported 10 young outstanding Chinese cancer researchers and will award 4 fellowships at the Guangzhou International Symposium on Oncology in November this year; 3) USCACA-Hengrui Training Program for Early Phase Clinical Research, which has supported the training of a Chinese scholar at two major cancer centers in the US; and 4) USCACA has continued its partnership with the Chinese Journal of Cancer, which has reached significant international impact.

关键词：肿瘤学转化中国学者伙伴关系早期阶段合作伙伴食管癌奖学金

Targeting the P2X7 receptor in microglial cells to prevent brain inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1245-1246页

作者： Lin-Hua Jiang Sébastien roger School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsSino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenan ProvinceChina EA4245 TransplantationImmunology and InflammationFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ToursToursFrance

Microglial cells are the key innate immune cells in the brain and they are crucial in maintaining brain parenchyma *** physiological conditions,microglial cells assume a ramified morphology with a small cell body and an extensive network of fine processes,which secrete neurotrophic factors and patrol the surroundings in search for pathogens and eliminate cellular debris via *** cells express a repertoire of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)that enable them to detect diverse danger-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)released from damaged cells or cells under stress,or pathogen-associated molecular patterns generated by pathogens during infection.

关键词： IL ATP APP Targeting the P2X7 receptor in microglial cells to prevent brain inflammation