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Incidence and outcomes of intracerebral haemorrhage with mechanical compression hydrocephalus

Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第3期6卷 328-336页

作者： Bryce owen Omar Akbik Michel Torbey Herbert Davis Andrew P Carlson School of Medicine University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA Neurosurgery University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA Neurology University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA Division of Epidemiology Biostatisticsand Preventive MedicineUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA

Introduction Intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH)within deep structures adjacent to the third ventricle is associated with worse outcomes when compared with lobar ICH due to the critical role of deep nuclei in normal neurological *** evidence suggests another contributing factor to poor outcome is obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid outflow by clot burden causing mechanical compression of the third *** authors reviewed the incidence and outcomes of mechanical compression ICH in order to identify this high-risk group which may potentially benefit from minimally invasive *** Patients with spontaneous,non-traumatic,supratentorial ICH were identified retrospectively over a 30-month *** imaging was reviewed to assess location of the ICH,volume of the ICH,presence of hydrocephalus requiring external ventricular drain(EVD)placement,and time to clearing of the third *** was then categorised as due to‘primarily intraventricular haemorrhage(IVH)’,‘primarily mechanical compression’or‘mixed’.Functional outcomes at discharge were assessed using the modified Rankin Score(mRS).Results 287 patients met inclusion criteria,of which 39(13.5%)patients developed hydrocephalus that required *** patients had significantly higher mRS at discharge(p≤0.001)when compared with the non-EVD *** location was associated with lower odds of poor outcome compared with thalamic location(OR 0.107-0.560).Mechanical compression hydrocephalus was associated with poor outcome when compared with the primary IVH hydrocephalus subgroup(p=0.037)as well as longer time to clearing of the third ventricle(p=0.006).Conclusions Mechanical obstruction requiring EVD occurs in approximately(21/287)7.3%of all patients with spontaneous supratentorial *** is unknown if the worse morbidity in these subjects is purely related to damage to deep structures surrounding the third ventricle or if secondary damage from hydrocephalus could be mitigated with tar

关键词： hydrocephalus damage primarily

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Contextual influences on animal decision-making:Significance for behavior-based wildlife conservation and management

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第1期12卷 32-48页

作者： Megan A.owen Ronald R.SWAISGOOD Daniel T.BLUMSTEIN Institute for Conservation Research San Diego Zoo GlobalSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Survival and successful reproduction require animals to make critical decisions amidst a naturally dynamic environmental and social background(i.e.“context”).However,human activities have pervasively,and rapidly,extended contextual variation into evolutionarily novel territory,potentially rendering evolved animal decision-making mechanisms and strategies *** suggest that explicitly focusing on animal decision-making(ADM),by integrating and applying findings from studies of sensory ecology,cognitive psychology,behavioral economics and eco-evolutionary strategies,may enhance our understanding of,and our ability to predict how,human-driven changes in the environment and population demography will influence animal ***,the decisions animals make involve evolved mechanisms,and behaviors emerge from the combined action of sensory integration,cognitive mechanisms and strategic rules of thumb,and any of these processes may have a disproportionate influence on *** there is extensive literature exploring ADM,it generally reflects a canalized,discipline-specific approach that lacks a unified conceptual *** a result,there has been limited application of ADM theory and research findings into predictive models that can enhance management outcomes,even though it is likely that the relative resilience of species to rapid environmental change is fundamentally a result of how ADM is linked to contextual ***,we focus on how context influences ADM,and highlight ideas and results that may be most applicable to conservation biology.

关键词： animal behavior anthropogenic change context decision-making wildlife management

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The significance of clinical practice guidelines on adult varicocele detection and management

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第2期18卷 269-275,J0006,J0007页

作者： Anand Shridharani Ryan C owen Osama O Elkelany Edward D Kim Department of Urology University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga TN 37403 USA Division of Urology Department of Surgery University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine Knoxville TN 37920 USA.

Varicoceles are the most common correctable etiology of male factor infertility. However, the detection and management of varicoceles have not been standardized. This has led to decades of debate regarding the effect of varicocele on male infertility and subsequently whether repair leads to an improved fertility status. The current body of evidence investigating the role of varicocele and varicocelectomy is weak and conflicting. The stance taken by the AUA and ASRM suggests that there is insufficient outcomes data to support evidenced-based guidelines, citing evidence used to provide current recommendations are generally of a low quality level. On the other hand, the EAU Guidelines give a level la of evidence for management of varicoceles that are clinically palpable, associated with subnormal semen analyses and having otherwise unexplained fertility. Besides aiding with clinical varicocele detection and management, clinical practice opinion statements and guidelines aim to direct and strengthen the infrastructure of future studies. We review the current status of opinion statements and guidelines in varicocele and management detection with focus on their application in practice.

关键词： guidelines varicocele varicocele detection varicocele management varicocelectomy

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THE CONTROL OF POLYMETHACRYLATE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE BY GROUP TRANSFER POLYMERIZATION

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 1990年第1期8卷 1-9页

作者： owen W. WEBSTER Central Research and Development Department E. I. Du Pont and CompanyP.O.Box 80328WilmingtonDelaware 19880-0328 USA

INTRODUCTION Group transfer polymerization (GTP) is a method for controlling the structure of acrylic polymers in which reactive chain ends are covalentiy bound to a trimethylsilyl group. In the presence of a catalyst, monomer inserts into these chain ends between the silyl group and the last monomer unit. The process is illustrated by equation (1) for methyl methacrylate. GTP is a living polymerization, i. e., there is little or no chain termination and no chain transfer. A significant advantage of GTP is that it

关键词： PMMA EA GTP rate PBMA THE CONTROL OF POLYMETHACRYLATE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE BY GROUP TRANSFER POLYMERIZATION

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Fifty years of finite elements——a solid mechanics perspective

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2012年第5期2卷 1-5页

作者： D.R.J.owen Civil and Computational Engineering Centre Swansea University

The finite element method has been considered as one of the most significant engineering advances of the twentieth century. This computational methodology has made substantial impact on many fields in science and also has profoundly changed engineering design procedures and practice. This paper, mainly froln a solid mechanics perspective, and the Swansea viewpoint in particular, describes very briefly the origin of the methodology, then summaries selected milestones of the technical developments that have taken place over the last fifty years and illustrates their application to some practical engineering problems.

关键词： inite elements isoparametric representation elasto-plasticity finite strain mesh adaptiv ity discrete and multi-fracturing modelling

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From pandemic to a new normal:Strategies to optimise governmental interventions in Indonesia based on an SVEIQHR-type mathematical model

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第3期7卷 346-363页

作者： Benny Yong Jonathan Hoseana Livia owen Center for Mathematics and Society Department of MathematicsParahyangan Catholic UniversityBandung40141Indonesia

There are five different forms of intervention presently realised by the Indonesian government in an effort to end the COVID-19 pandemic:vaccinations,social restrictions,tracings,testings,and *** this paper,we construct a mathematical model of type SVEIQHR(susceptible-vaccinated-exposed-infected-quarantined-hospitalised-recovered)for the disease's spread in the country,which incorporates as parameters the rates of the above interventions,as well as the vaccine's *** determine the model's equilibria and basic reproduction *** the model,we formulate strategies by which the interventions should be realised in order to optimise their *** results show that,in a disease-free state,when the number of new cases rises,the best strategy is to implement social restrictions,whereas in an endemic state,if a near-lockdown policy is undesirable,carrying out vaccinations is the best strategy;however,efforts should be aimed not primarily towards increasing the vaccination rate,but towards the use of highefficacy vaccines.

关键词： COVID-19 Equilibrium Basic reproduction number Intervention Social restriction Vaccination

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PARALLEL ANALYSIS OF COMBINED FINITE/DISCRETE ELEMENT SYSTEMS ON PC CLUSTER

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2004年第5期20卷 534-540页

作者：王福军 Y.T.FENG D.R.J.owen 张静刘洋 College of Water Conservancy & Civil Eng. China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Civil & Computational Engineering Centre University of Wales SwanseaSwanseaSA2 8PPU.K.

A computational strategy is presented for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of large- scale combined finite/discrete element systems on a PC *** this strategy,a dual-level domain decomposition scheme is adopted to implement the dynamic domain *** domain decomposition approach perfectly matches the requirement of reducing the memory size per processor of the *** treat the contact between boundary elements in neighbouring subdomains,the elements in a subdomain are classified into internal,interfacial and external *** this way,all the contact detect algorithms developed for a sequential computation could be adopted directly in the parallel *** examples show that this implementation is suitable for simulating large-scale *** typical numerical examples are given to demonstrate the parallel efficiency and scalability on a PC cluster.

关键词： parallel computation finite element discrete element PC cluster

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Giant pandas use odor cues to discriminate kin from nonkin

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 333-336页

作者： Oranit GILAD Ronald R. SWAISGOOD Megan A. owen Xiaoping ZHOU Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Institute for Conservation Research San Diego Zoo Global Escondido CA 92027 USA China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda Wolong Sichuan 623006 China

Sociality is an important factor in both the mechanism and function of kin recognition, yet it is little explored in solitary species. While there may be future opportunities for nepotistic functions of kin discrimination among solitary species, the ability to discriminate kin from nonkin may still have important roles in social regulation. The solitary giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca offers a good model system to explore kin discrimination in a solitary mammal. As kin discrimination in many other mammals is olfactorily mediated, we investigated whether giant pandas are able to discriminate odor cues from daughters even after months and years of separation. Our results indicate that giant pandas are capable of discriminating between kin and nonkin using odor cues available in urine and body odor. Daughters preferentially investigated the odors of unrelated adult female pandas over the odors of their mothers, and mothers spent more time investigating the odors of unrelated age- matched female pandas over those from their daughters. Because these studies were conducted months or years after the mother-daughter period of dependency ended, it is still unclear what mechanism is used for recognition. Long-term olfactory memories and phenotype matching should both be considered, and further studies are required for such determination.

关键词： chemical communication giant panda kin discrimination.

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EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL RESEARCH ON BULLDOZER WORKING PROCESS

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2007年第2期20卷 41-46页

作者： LI Yanjie XU Yong HUANG Wenbin FENG Y T owen D R J College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China Civil ＆ Computational Engineering Center University of Wales Swansea Swansea SA2 8PP UK

A simulative analysis coupled with experiment on behaviors of a soil bed cut by a model bulldozer blade is carried out using the finite element/distinct element method（FE/DEM） facility built in the ELFEN package. Before simulation, tensile/compression, triaxial compression and the soil specimens are examined through uniaxial direct shear tests to obtain model characteristics and relevant parameters, then soil cutting experiments are carried out via a mini-soil bin system with a soil bed of 60/120 mm in width and 10 mm in depth cut by a 1/9 scale model bulldozer blade moving with the velocity of 10 mm/s. The soil constitutive model includes the tensile elastic model for tensile breakage and the compressive elastoplastic relationship with Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The cutting length in simulation is set as 1/4 of that in the experiment divided into 1 869 triangular elements. The comparison between the simulated results and experimental ones shows that the used model is capable of analyzing soil dynamic behaviors qualitatively, and the predicted fracturing profiles in general conform to the experiment. Hence the feasibility for analyzing soil fracturing behaviors in tillage or other similar processes is validated.

关键词： Finite element method Discrete element method Finite element/distinct element method(FE/DEM) Soil Bulldozer

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Phytochemical characterization of polyphenolic compounds with HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS and evaluation of lipid-lowering capacity of aqueous extracts from Saharan plant Anabasis aretioides(Coss & Moq.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第3期16卷 185-191页

作者： Omar Farid Farid Khallouki Morad Akdad Andrea Breuer Robert Wyn owen Mohamed Eddouks Team of Physiology & Endocrine Pharmacology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia Moulay Ismail University Division of Preventive Oncology National Center for Tumor Diseases Im Neuenheimer Feld 460 German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)

Objective： Anabasis aretioides （Coss ＆ Moq.）, a Saharan plant belonging to Chenopodiaceae family, is widely distributed in semi-desert areas from the Tafilalet region of Morocco. This plant is extensively used by local population against diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the aqueous A. aretioides extract on lipid metabolism in normal and strepto-zotocin （STZ）-induced diabetic rats and to identify the polyphenolic compounds present. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the aqueous A. aretioides extract was also evaluated. Methods： The effect of an aerial part aqueous extract （APAE） ofA. aretioides （5 mg/kg of lyophilized A. are-tioides APAE） on plasma lipid profile was investigated in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats （n = 6） after once daily oral administration for 15 days. The aqueous extract was tested for its 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical-scavenging activity. Polyphenolic compounds in the extracts were defini-tively characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Results： In diabetic rats, oral administration ofA. aretioides APAE provoked a significant decrease in both plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels from the first to the second week （P 〈 0.01）. A significant decrease on plasma triglyceride levels was also observed in normal rats （P 〈 0.01）, where the reduction was 53%. In addition, the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 12 polyphenolic compounds. Moreover, according to the DPPH radical-scavenging activity, the aqueous extract showed an in vitro antioxidant activity. Conclusion： Aqueous A. aretioides APAE exhibits lipid-lowering and in vitro antioxidant activities. Many polyphenols were present in this extract and these phytoconstituents may be involved in the pharmaco-logical activity of this plant.

关键词： Anabasis aretioides 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl Antioxidant activity Phytochemical analysis Lipid metabolism Polyphenolic compounds

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