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Two intestinal microbiota-derived metabolites, deoxycholic acid and butyrate, synergize to enhance host defense peptide synthesis and alleviate necrotic enteritis

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1158-1172页

作者： Dohyung M.Kim Jing Liu Melanie A.Whitmore Isabel tobin Zijun Zhao Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA

Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)is a major enteric disease in poultry,yet effective mitigation strategies remain *** acid(DCA)and butyrate,two major metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota,have independently been shown to induce host defense peptide(HDP)***,the potential synergy between these two compounds remains *** To investigate the possible synergistic effect between DCA and butyrate in regulating HDP synthesis and barrier function,we treated chicken HD11 macrophage cells and jejunal explants with DCA and sodium butyrate(NaB),either individually or in combination,for 24 ***,we performed RNA isolation and reverse transcrip-tion-quantitative PCR to analyze HDP genes as well as the major genes associated with barrier *** further determine the synergy between DCA and NaB in enhancing NE resistance,we conducted two independent trials with Cobb broiler *** each trial,the diet was supplemented with DCA or NaB on the day-of-hatch,followed by NE induction through sequential challenges with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens on d 10 and 14,*** recorded animal mortality after infection and assessed intestinal lesions on d *** impact of DCA and NaB on the microbiota in the ileum and cecum was evaluated through bacterial 16S rRNA gene *** We found that the combination of DCA and NaB synergistically induced multiple HDP genes in both chicken HD11 cells and jejunal ***,the gene for claudin-1,a major tight junction protein,also exhibited synergistic induction in response to DCA and ***,dietary supplementation with a combination of 0.75 g/kg DCA and 1 g/kg NaB led to a significant improvement in animal survival and a reduction in intestinal lesions compared to either compound alone in a chicken model of ***,the cecal microbiota of NE-infected chickens showed a marked decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria such as Bacteroides,F

关键词： Bile acids Host defense peptides Metabolites Microbiome Necrotic enteritis Short-chain fatty acids

Making topological protein links using enzymatic reactions

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 50-51页

作者： roger Castells-Graells Todd O.Yeates Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics

Proteins are exceedingly complex molecules though, at their heart, they are essentially linear polymers. Pull at their ends and one obtains an extended backbone. While that is true in most cases, some natural proteins... 详细信息

关键词： DESIGN

Mechanistic modeling of copper corrosions in data center environments

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 483-492页

作者： Rui Zhang Jianshun Zhang roger Schmidt Jeremy L.Gilbert Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering and Computer ScienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244USA Buildings and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA SyracuseCoE-New York Center of Excellence in Environmental and Energy Systems Syracuse University727 E.Washington StreetSyracuseNY13244USA Department of Bioengineering Clemson UniversityClemson-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering ProgramCharlestonSC29425USA

Air-side economizers are increasingly used to take advantage of“free-cooling”in data centers with the intent of reducing the carbon footprint of ***,they can introduce outdoor pollutants to indoor environment of data centers and cause corrosion damage to the information technology *** evaluate the reliability of information technology equipment under various thermal and air-pollution conditions,a mechanistic model based on multi-ion transport and chemical reactions was *** model was used to predict Cu corrosion caused by Cl_(2)-containing pollutant *** also accounted for the effects of temperature(25℃and 28℃),relative humidity(50%,75%,and 95%),and *** also identified higher air temperature as a corrosion barrier and higher relative humidity as a corrosion accelerator,which agreed well with the experimental *** average root mean square error of the prediction was 13.7Å.The model can be used to evaluate the thermal guideline for data centers design and operation when Cl_(2)is present based on pre-established acceptable risk of corrosion in data centers’environment.

关键词： chloride pollutant mixture copper corrosion model data center temperature relative humidity synergistic effect

Analyzing voting power in decentralized governance:Who controls DAOs?

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第3期5卷 123-129页

作者： Robin Fritsch Marino Müller roger Wattenhofer ETH Zurich 8092ZurichSwitzerland

We empirically study the state of three prominent DAO governance systems on the Ethereum blockchain:Compound,Uniswap and Ethereum name service(ENS).In particular,we examine how the voting power is distributed in these *** a comprehensive dataset of all governance token holders,delegates,propos-als,and votes,we analyze who holds the voting power and how this power is being used to influence governance *** we reveal that the majority of voting power is concentrated in the hands of a small number of addresses,we rarely observe these powerful entities overturning a vote by choosing a different outcome than that of the overall community and less influential voters.

关键词： Decentralized autonomous organization DAO governance Liquid democracy Blockchain

A framework for dynamic modelling of railway track switches considering the switch blades,actuators and control systems

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第2期32卷 162-176页

作者： Saikat Dutta Tim Harrison Christopher Ward roger Dixon Phil Winship Institute of Thermofluids School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsWest YorkshireUK Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education School of EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Network Rail Milton KeynesBuckinghamshireUK

The main contribution of this paper is the development and demonstration of a novel methodology that can be followed to develop a simulation twin of a railway track switch system to test the functionality in a digital *** is important because,globally,railway track switches are used to allow trains to change routes;they are a key part of all railway ***,because track switches are single points of failure and safety-critical,their inability to operate correctly can cause significant delays and concomitant *** order to better understand the dynamic behaviour of switches during operation,this paper has developed a full simulation twin of a complete track switch *** approach fuses finite element for the rail bending and motion,with physics-based models of the electromechanical actuator system and the control ***,it provides researchers and engineers the opportunity to explore and understand the design space around the dynamic operation of new switches and switch machines before they are *** is useful for looking at the modification or monitoring of existing switches,and it becomes even more important when new switch concepts are being considered and *** simulation is capable of running in real time or faster meaning designs can be iterated and checked *** paper describes the modelling approach,demonstrates the methodology by developing the system model for a novel“REPOINT”switch system,and evaluates the system level performance against the dynamic performance requirements for the *** the context of that case study,it is found that the proposed new actuation system as designed can meet(and exceed)the system performance requirements,and that the fault tolerance built into the actuation ensures continued operation after a single actuator failure.

关键词： Railway track switch Mathematical modelling Redundant actuation Finite element analysis

Tuberculosis Prevalence Trends from a Predictive Modelling Study-10 High-Burden Countries,1980-2035

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China CDC weekly 2024年第12期6卷 225-229,I0001,I0002页

作者： Qiuping Chen Qiao Liu Kangguo Li Laurent Gavotte roger Frutos Tianmu Chen CIRAD IntertrypMontpellierFrance Universitéde Montpellier MontpellierFrance State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamen CityFujian ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases Xiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen CityFujian ProvinceChina Espace-Dev Universitéde MontpellierMontpellierFrance

What is already known about this topic?Given the challenges presented by drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis(TB)and the rising mobility of the population,achieving the objective of eradicating TB appears *** is added by this report?The examination of TB incidence trends in 10 highburden countries(HBCs)indicated a steady rise in cases,with India and China jointly accounting for nearly 70%of the *** for the future show diverse trajectories in these countries,with potential difficulties in reaching the TB elimination target,especially in Nigeria,Congo,and South *** are the implications for public health practice?The number of TB cases is on the *** is crucial to learn from successful strategies to improve TB prevention and control worldwide through collaborative efforts.

关键词： tuberculosis uncertain Tuberculosis

Exciton-polaritons in a 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity with the presence of optical Stark effect

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 551-555页

作者： Kenneth Coker 郑楚媛 Joseph roger Arhin Kwame Opuni-Boachie Obour Agyekum 张伟利 School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ho Technical UniversityHo 00233Ghana Telecommunication Engineering Department Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 00233Ghana

This study investigates the properties of exciton-polaritons in a two-dimensional(2D)hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity in the presence of optical Stark *** both steady and dynamic state analyses,strong coupling between excitons of perovskite and cavity photons is revealed,indicating the formation of polaritons in the perovskite ***,it is found that an external optical Stark pulse can induce energy shifts of excitons proportional to the pulse intensity,which modifies the dispersion characteristics of the polaritons.

关键词： exciton-polaritons perovskite microcavity optical Stark effect

Recent Developments in Metallic Degradable Micromotors for Biomedical and Environmental Remediation Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 1-35页

作者： Sourav Dutta Seungmin Noh roger Sanchis Gual Xiangzhong Chen Salvador Pané Bradley J.Nelson Hongsoo Choi Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988Republic of Korea DGIST‑ETH Microrobotics Research Center DGISTDaegu 42988Republic of Korea Multi‑Scale Robotics Lab Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Optoelectronics State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and TechnologyShanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and PerceptionFudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China

Synthetic micromotor has gained substantial attention in biomedicine and environmental ***-based degradable micromotor composed of magnesium(Mg),zinc(Zn),and iron(Fe)have promise due to their nontoxic fuel-free propulsion,favorable biocompatibility,and safe excretion of degradation products Recent advances in degradable metallic micromotor have shown their fast movement in complex biological media,efficient cargo delivery and favorable biocompatibility.A noteworthy number of degradable metal-based micromotors employ bubble propulsion,utilizing water as fuel to generate hydrogen *** novel feature has projected degradable metallic micromotors for active in vivo drug delivery *** addition,understanding the degradation mechanism of these micromotors is also a key parameter for their design and *** propulsion efficiency and life span govern the overall performance of a degradable metallic *** we review the design and recent advancements of metallic degradable ***,we describe the controlled degradation,efficient in vivo drug delivery,and built-in acid neutralization capabilities of degradable micromotors with versatile biomedical ***,we discuss micromotors’efficacy in detecting and destroying environmental ***,we address the limitations and future research directions of degradable metallic micromotors.

关键词： Magnesium Zinc Iron Biodegradable microrobot Biomedical Environmental

Recent advances on decomplexation mechanisms of heavy metal complexes in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 146-154页

作者： Shili Wang Mamitiana roger Razanajatovo Xuedong Du Shunli Wan Xin He Qiuming Peng Qingrui Zhang State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource ReuseYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safetye Key Laboratory Hebei University of Environmental EngineeringQinhuangdao 066102China College of Life&Environment Sciences Huangshan UniversityHuangshan 245041China

In some industrial wastewater,heavy metals combine with organic complexing agents to form heavy metal complexes(HMCs).These HMCs can be difficult to decompose and remove through conventional techniques due to their higher stability than free heavy metal *** recent years,persulfate based advanced oxidation processes(PS-based AOPs)have been recognized as a viable technique for HMCs ***,a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the relevant HMCs decomplexation mechanisms in PS-based AOPs is still *** review delineates the current progress of HMCs decomplexation in PS-based *** discuss the distinctions between the two widely used oxidant types in PS-based AOPs ***,we summarize and highlight the decomplexation mechanisms based on electron and energy transfer,and degradation pathways of *** also emphasize the effects of environmental water constituents,namely p H,inorganic ions,and natural organic matter(NOM),on HMCs ***,we identify the existing challenges and perspectives that will steer the direction of advancing PS-based AOPs to remove HMCs.

关键词： Heavy metal complexes Persulfate Advanced oxidation processes Decomplexation mechanisms Electron and energy transfer