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Degradation of the fungicide metalaxyl and its non-extractable residue formation in soil clay and silt fractions

Pedosphere 2021年第4期31卷 549-559页

作者： Roschni KALATHOOR Jens BOTTERWECK Andreas SCHÄFFER Burkhard schmidt Jan SCHWARZBAUER Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52062(Germany) Institute for Environmental Research RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52062(Germany) School of the Environment Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023(China)

The proportion of organic matter and mineral composition are important factors determining the formation and type of non-extractable residues(NERs) of pesticides in soil. In this study, we investigated the enantioselectivity in degradation and NER formation of the chiral fungicide metalaxyl in soil particle size fractions(silt and clay). Microbial and extracellular enzyme activities during these processes were monitored in incubation of silt and clay samples isolated from sterilized and non-sterilized soil samples collected from a long-term agricultural field experimental site in Ultuna, Sweden. The temporal influence on the fate of the fungicide was noted by short-term(10-d) and long-term(92-d) incubations. Besides the acquisition of quantitative data with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS), stereoselective analyses were performed with chiral GC/MS. Quantitative results pointed to a higher metabolism rate of the pesticide through microbial activity than through extracellular enzyme activity. This was also confirmed by the enantioselective depletion of R-metalaxyl and the subsequent formation of R-metalaxyl acid in microbially active samples from non-sterilized soil. The silt fraction containing a high amount of organic matter exhibited a significant hydrolyzable proportion of metalaxyl NERs that was releasable under alkaline conditions. On the contrary, the clay fraction showed an enhanced affinity for covalently bound residues. Based on our results, we recommend differentiating between reversibly and irreversibly bound proportions of pesticides in persistence and environmental risk assessment because the reversible fraction contained potentially bioavailable amounts of residues that may be released under natural conditions.

关键词： chiral fungicide enantioselectivity metalaxyl enantiomer non-extractable pesticide residues organo-mineral complex pesticide degradation extracellular enzymes soil particle size fractions

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INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE DETACHMENT OF DIFFERENTLY STRUCTURED DUST LAYERS FROM SURFACES

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China Particuology 2005年第1期3卷 10-13页

作者： Eberhard schmidt Safety Technology/Environmental Protection Department D University of Wuppertal 42097 Wuppertal Germany

A technique is presented for creating surface-adhering dust layers under defined conditions, and characterizing and stressing the layers created. The procedure described is shown to be suitable for the quantitative evaluation of the effects of different parameters such as particle size, porosity and surface roughness etc. on the stability of particle layers.

关键词： particle layer strength and structure of particle layers layer detachment

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Always Ahead of Me Eric schmidt on Steve Jobs

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国际经济合作 2011年第11期 1-1页

作者： Eric schmidt

Everyone knows the transaction where the board sided with John Sculley and Steve left Apple. Steve sold all of his Apple stock, kept one share, and founded NeXT. Typical Steve *** I was still at Sun Microsystems, I vi... 详细信息

关键词：英文摘要内容介绍编辑工作期刊

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Impact of antithrombin Ⅲ on hepatic and intestinal microcirculation in experimental liver cirrhosis and bowel inflammation: An in vivo analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第32期11卷 4997-5001页

作者： Sasa-Marcel Maksan Zilfi lger Martha Maria Gebhard Jan schmidt Department of SurgeryUniversity of Mainz Germany Department of SurgeryUniversity of Heidelberg Germany

AIM： To analyze the hepatic and intestinal microcirculation in an animal model of liver cirrhosis and inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） and to characterize bhe anti-inflammatory action of antithrombin Ⅲ （ATⅢ） on leukocyte kinetics and liver damage. METHODS： Hepatic and intestinal microcirculation was investigated by intravital videomicroscopy. Standardized models of experimental chronic liver cirrhosis and bowel inflammation were employed. Animals were divided into four groups （n = 6/group）： controls, animals with cirrhosis, animals with cirrhosis and IBD, animals with cirrhosis and IBD treated with ATIII. RESULTS： Cirrhosis facilitated leukocyte rolling and sticking in hepatic sinusoids （1.91±0.28 sticker/μm vs 0.5±0.5 sticker/μm in controls, P〈0.05）. The effect enhanced in animals with cirrhosis and IBD （5.4±1.65 sticker/μm）, but reversed after ATIII application （3.97±1.04 sticker/μm, P〈0.05）. Mucosal blood flow showed no differences in cirrhotic animals and controls （5.3±0.31 nL/min vs5.4±0.25 nL/min） and was attenuated in animals wibh cirrhosis and IBD significantly （3.49±0.6 nL/min）. This effect was normalized in the treatment group （5.13±0.4 nL/min, P〈0.05）. Enzyme values rose during development of cirrhosis and bowel inflammation, and reduced after ATIII application （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： Liver cirrhosis in the presence of IBD leads to a significant reduction in mucosal blood flow and an increase in hepatic leukocyte adherence with consecutive liver injury, which can be prevented by administration of ATⅢ.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Microcirculation Bowel inflammation Liver Antithrombin Ⅲ

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Superconductivity in antiperovskites

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1424-1433页

作者： Noah Hoffmann Tiago F.T.Cerqueira Jonathan schmidt Miguel A.L.Marques Institut für Physik Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergD-06099HalleGermany CFisUC Department of PhysicsUniversity of CoimbraRua Larga3004-516CoimbraPortugal

We present a comprehensive theoretical study of conventional superconductivity in cubic antiperovskites materials with composition XYZ_(3) where X and Z are metals,and Y is H,B,C,N,O,and *** starting point are electron–phonon calculations for 397 materials performed with density-functional perturbation *** 43%of the materials are dynamically unstable,we discovered 16 compounds close to thermodynamic stability and with T_(c) higher than 5 *** these results to train interpretable machine-learning models,leads us to predict a further 57(thermodynamically unstable)materials with superconducting transition temperatures above 5 K,reaching a maximum of 17.8 K for ***,the models give us an understanding of the mechanism of superconductivity in *** combination of traditional approaches with interpretable machine learning turns out to be a very efficient methodology to study and systematize whole classes of materials and is easily extendable to other families of compounds or physical properties.

关键词： properties theory perovskite

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Tempering of exhausted T cells to comprehend their adaptive response for suitable clinical translation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第12期20卷 1401-1402页

作者： Amit Sharma Ingo G.H.schmidt-Wolf Department of Integrated Oncology Center for Integrated Oncology(CIO)BonnUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany

Although cancer immunotherapy has taken center stage,exhaustion of T cells is undeniably one of the major problems preventing it from being fully successful[1].Certainly,reversal of T-cell exhaustion or dysfunction is of great importance for developing new strategies and restoring immune ***,counterarguments about the adverse effect of reversing T-cell exhaustion(leading to overactivation of T cells and cytotoxicity)and even their irreversible properties have been quite common in scientific *** more to be discovered about the reasons for T-cell failure,a better understanding of the molecular factors/determinants[2,3]that shape/remodel“heterogeneous”dysfunctional T cells in cancer makes clear ***,two recent publications in Nature immunology have described the intriguing perspective of T-cell exhaustion[4,5].Of interest,Vignali et *** on the hypoxia-driven CD39-dependent suppressor function of exhausted T cells,whereas Saadey et *** restoring the epigenetic balance of TGFβ1/BMP signaling in exhausted T cells to unlock responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

关键词： irreversible exhaustion publications

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Computational screening of materials with extreme gap deformation potentials

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1482-1491页

作者： Pedro Borlido Jonathan schmidt Hai-Chen Wang Silvana Botti Miguel A.L.Marques Institut für Festkörpertheorie und-optik Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena and European Theoretical Spectroscopy FacilityMax-Wien-Platz 107743JenaGermany CFisUC Department of PhysicsUniversity of CoimbraRua Larga3004-516CoimbraPortugal Institut für Physik Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergD-06099HalleGermany

In this work,we present a large-scale study of gap deformation potentials based on density-functional theory calculations for over 5000 *** expected,in most cases the band gap decreases for increasing volume with deformation potentials that can reach values of almost−15 *** find,however,also a sizeable number of materials with positive deformation *** members of this group are halide perovskites,known for their applications in *** then focus on understanding the physical reasons for so different values of the deformation potentials by investigating the correlations between this property and a large number of other material and compositional *** also train explainable machine learning models as well as graph convolutional networks to predict deformation potentials and establish simple rules to understand predicted ***,we analyze in more detail a series of materials that have record positive and negative deformation potentials.

关键词： deformation properties. extreme

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The effect of adenovirus expressing wild-type p53 on 5-fluorouracil chemosensitivity is related to p53 status in pancreatic cancer cell lines

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第24期10卷 3583-3589页

作者： Sven Eisold Michael Linnebacher EduardRyschich DaliborAntolovic UlfHinz Ernst Klar Jan schmidt Department of General Surgery Thoracic and Vascular SurgeryUniversity of RostockSchillingallee 35D-18057 RostockGermany Molecular Pathology University of HeidelbergINFD-68120 HeidelbergGermany Department of General Surgery University of HeidelbergINFD-69120 HeidelbergGermany

AIM:There are conflicting data about p53 function on cellular sensitivity to the cytotoxic action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of adenovirus-mediated wild-type (wt) p53 gene transfer and 5-FU chemotherapy on pancreatic cancer cells with different p53 gene status. METHODS:Human pancreatic cancer cell lines Capan-1^(p53mut), Capan-2^(p53wt),FAMPAC^(p53mut),PANC1^(p53mut),and rat pancreatic cancer cell lines AS^(p53wt) and DSL6A^(p53null) were used for in vitro *** infection with different ratios of Ad- p53-particles (MOI) in combination with 5-FU,proliferation of tumor cells and apoptosis were quantified by cell proliferation assay (WST-1) and FACS (PI-staining).In addition,DSL6A syngeneic pancreatic tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously in to Lewis rats for in vivo studies. Tumor size,apoptosis (TUNEL) and survival were determined. RESULTS:Ad-p53 gene transfer combined with 5-FU significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation and substantially enhanced apoptosis in all four cell lines with an alteration in the p53 gene compared to those two cell lines containing *** vivo experiments showed the most effective tumor regression in animals treated with Ad-p53 plus *** in vitro and in vivo analyses revealed that a sublethal dose of Ad-p53 augmented the apoptotic response induced by 5-FU. CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that Ad-p53 may synergistically enhance 5-FU-chemosensitivity most strikingly in pancreatic cancer cells lacking p53 *** findings illustrate that the anticancer efficacy of this combination treatment is dependent on the p53 gene status of the target tumor cells.

关键词： Adenoviridae Adult Animals Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic Apoptosis Cell Division Cell Line, Tumor Combined Modality Therapy Drug Resistance, Neoplasm Female Fluorouracil Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic Gene Therapy Humans In Vitro Male Pancreatic Neoplasms Rats Rats, Inbred Lew Transduction, Genetic Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

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Kinematics of whip spider pedipalps: a 3D comparative morpho-functional approach

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 156-167页

作者： Michel schmidt Roland R.MELZER Russell D.C.BICKNELL Bavarian State Collection of Zoology Bavarian Natural History CollectionsMunichGermany Department Biology II Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMunichGermany GeoBio-Center Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMunichGermany Palaeoscience Research Centre School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleAustralia

Amblypygi are tropical and subtropical ambush predators that use elongated,raptorial pedipalps for different *** pedipalp use in predation and courtship has been explored in videography in vivo analyses,kinematic ex vivo examination of these appendages has not been ***,we rectify this lack of data by using microCT scans to 3D-kinematically model the appendage morphology and the range of motion(ROM)of the joints for Damon medius and Heterophrynus *** illustrate the successful application of this technique to terrestrial euarthropods in determining the maximum ROM values for each pedipalp *** also note that,in life,these values would be lower due to motion restricting structures like tendons,arthrodial membranes,and *** further compare our maximum values obtained here with data from video-based motion *** ROM of each joint shows the greatest flexibility in the femur-tibia joint(140–150°),the lowest in the basitarsus-claw joint(35–40°).ROM in the tibia-basitarsus joint is markedly distinct(***:44°;***:105°).This disparity reflects how *** uses the joint in the capture basket,while *** uses the femur-tibia joint to form the capture *** further illustrate notable vertical motion of the *** pedipalp compared to *** difference reflects the retro-ventral trochanter apophysis of *** study opens the possibility to further whip spider kinematic *** of other taxa using this approach will result in a more comprehensive understanding of the ecological significance and ethological implications of this unique arachnid group.

关键词： 3D kinematic analyses Amblypygi arthropod joints Autodesk Maya Damon medius Heterophrynus elaphus range of motion analyses

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Ultrahigh numerical aperture meta-fibre for flexible optical trapping

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第4期10卷 589-599页

作者： Malte Plidschun Haoran Ren Jisoo Kim Ronny Forster Stefan A.Maier Markus A.schmidt Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology 07745 JenaGermany Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics FSU Jena07745 JenaGermany Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems Nanoinstitute MunichLMU Munchen80539 MunchenGermany Department of Physics Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Otto Schott Institute of Material Research FSU Jena07745 JenaGermany

Strong focusing on diffraction-limited spots is essential for many photonic applications and is particularly relevant for optical trapping;however,all currently used approaches fail to simultaneously provide flexible transportation of light,straightforward implementation,compatibility with waveguide circuitry,and strong ***,we demonstrate the design and 3D nanoprinting of an ultrahigh numerical aperture meta-fibre for highly flexible optical *** into account the peculiarities of the fibre environment,we implemented an ultrathin meta-lens on the facet of a modified single-mode optical fibre via direct laser writing,leading to a diffraction-limited focal spot with a recordhigh numerical aperture of up to NA≈*** unique capabilities of this flexible,cost-effective,bio-and fibre-circuitrycompatible meta-fibre device were demonstrated by optically trapping microbeads and bacteria for the first time with only one single-mode fibre in combination with diffractive *** study highlights the relevance of the unexplored but exciting field of meta-fibre optics to a multitude of fields,such as bioanalytics,quantum technology and life sciences.

关键词： optical waveguide fibre

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