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Liver fat deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction in morbid obesity:An approach combining metabolomics with liver imaging and histology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第24期21卷 7529-7544页

作者： Nahum Calvo Raúl Beltrán-Debón Esther Rodríguez-Gallego Anna Hernández-Aguilera Maria Guirro roger mariné-casadó Lidón Millá Josep M Alegret Fàtima Sabench Daniel del Castillo María Vinaixa Miguelàngel Rodríguez Xavier Correig Roberto García-álvarez Javier A Menendez Jordi Camps Jorge Joven Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica Hospital Universitari de Sant JoanInstitut d’Investigacio Sanitària Pere VirgiliUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliCampus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia Servei de Cirurgia General i de l’Aparell Digestiu Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de ReusUniversitat Rovira i Virgili Metabolomics Platform Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas AsociadasIISPVUniversitat Rovira i Virgili Research and Collaborations General Electric Healthcare Metabolism and Cancer Group Transla-tional Research LaboratoryCatalan Institute of OncologyGirona Biomedical Research Institute

AIM: To explore the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and spectroscopy(MRS) for assessment of non-alcoholic fat liver disease(NAFLD) as compared with liver histological and metabolomics findings. METHODS: Patients undergoing bariatric surgery following procedures involved in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were recruited as a model of obesityinduced NAFLD in an observational, prospective, singlesite, cross-sectional study with a pre-set duration of 1 year. Relevant data were obtained prospectively and surrogates for inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid and glucose metabolism were obtained through standard laboratory measurements. To provide reliable data from MRI and MRS, novel procedures were designed to limit sampling variability and other sources of error using a 1.5T Signa HDx scanner and protocols acquired from the 3D or 2D Fat SAT FIESTA prescription manager. We used our previously described 1H NMRbased metabolomics assays. Data were obtained immediately before surgery and after a 12-mo period including histology of the liver and measurement of metabolites. Values from 1H NMR spectra obtained after surgery were omitted due to technical limitations.RESULTS: MRI data showed excellent correlation with the concentration of liver triglycerides, other hepatic lipid components and the histological assessment, w h i c h e xc l u d e d t h e p r e s e n c e o f n o n-a l c o h o l i c steatohepatitis(NASH). MRI was sufficient to follow up NAFLD in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and data suggest usefulness in other clinical situations. The information provided by MRS replicated that obtained by MRI using the-CH3 peak(0.9 ppm), the-CH2- peak(1.3 ppm, mostly triglyceride) and the-CH=CH- peak(2.2 ppm). No patient depicted NASH. After surgery all patients significantly decreased their body weight and steatosis was virtually absent even in patients with previous severe disease. Improvement was also observed in the serum concentrations of selected variables. The most relevant findings using met

关键词： Fatty liver disease Magnetic resonanceimaging Lipids Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Metabolomics Mitochondrial function Morbid obesity Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

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A sphingolipid message promotes neuronal health across generations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2325-2326页

作者： Wenyue Wang roger Pocock Development and Stem Cells Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia

Maternal nutrition can affect brain function of offspring in later life(Fitzgerald et al.,2020).Emerging studies have also shown that the maternal environment can modify susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease(Boots et al.,2023).Transmission of environmental information from mother to offspring depends on maternal nutrient provisioning.In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans,maternal yolk,which is synthesized in the intestine and transferred to nourish oocytes and early embryos,can provide extranuclear inheritance factors to mediate phenotypic plasticity across generations.However,the molecular mechanisms of regulating such intergenerational effects remain largely unknown.

关键词： mother intestine transferred

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Making topological protein links using enzymatic reactions

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 50-51页

作者： roger Castells-Graells Todd O.Yeates Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics

Proteins are exceedingly complex molecules though, at their heart, they are essentially linear polymers. Pull at their ends and one obtains an extended backbone. While that is true in most cases, some natural proteins... 详细信息

关键词： DESIGN

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Tuberculosis Prevalence Trends from a Predictive Modelling Study-10 High-Burden Countries,1980-2035

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China CDC weekly 2024年第12期6卷 225-229,I0001,I0002页

作者： Qiuping Chen Qiao Liu Kangguo Li Laurent Gavotte roger Frutos Tianmu Chen CIRAD IntertrypMontpellierFrance Universitéde Montpellier MontpellierFrance State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamen CityFujian ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases Xiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen CityFujian ProvinceChina Espace-Dev Universitéde MontpellierMontpellierFrance

What is already known about this topic?Given the challenges presented by drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis(TB)and the rising mobility of the population,achieving the objective of eradicating TB appears uncertain.What is added by this report?The examination of TB incidence trends in 10 highburden countries(HBCs)indicated a steady rise in cases,with India and China jointly accounting for nearly 70%of the burden.Projections for the future show diverse trajectories in these countries,with potential difficulties in reaching the TB elimination target,especially in Nigeria,Congo,and South Africa.What are the implications for public health practice?The number of TB cases is on the rise.It is crucial to learn from successful strategies to improve TB prevention and control worldwide through collaborative efforts.

关键词： tuberculosis uncertain Tuberculosis

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Mechanistic modeling of copper corrosions in data center environments

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 483-492页

作者： Rui Zhang Jianshun Zhang roger Schmidt Jeremy L.Gilbert Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering and Computer ScienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244USA Buildings and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA SyracuseCoE-New York Center of Excellence in Environmental and Energy Systems Syracuse University727 E.Washington StreetSyracuseNY13244USA Department of Bioengineering Clemson UniversityClemson-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering ProgramCharlestonSC29425USA

Air-side economizers are increasingly used to take advantage of“free-cooling”in data centers with the intent of reducing the carbon footprint of buildings.However,they can introduce outdoor pollutants to indoor environment of data centers and cause corrosion damage to the information technology equipment.To evaluate the reliability of information technology equipment under various thermal and air-pollution conditions,a mechanistic model based on multi-ion transport and chemical reactions was developed.The model was used to predict Cu corrosion caused by Cl_(2)-containing pollutant mixtures.It also accounted for the effects of temperature(25℃and 28℃),relative humidity(50%,75%,and 95%),and synergism.It also identified higher air temperature as a corrosion barrier and higher relative humidity as a corrosion accelerator,which agreed well with the experimental results.The average root mean square error of the prediction was 13.7Å.The model can be used to evaluate the thermal guideline for data centers design and operation when Cl_(2)is present based on pre-established acceptable risk of corrosion in data centers’environment.

关键词： chloride pollutant mixture copper corrosion model data center temperature relative humidity synergistic effect

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Recent Developments in Metallic Degradable Micromotors for Biomedical and Environmental Remediation Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 1-35页

作者： Sourav Dutta Seungmin Noh roger Sanchis Gual Xiangzhong Chen Salvador Pané Bradley J.Nelson Hongsoo Choi Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988Republic of Korea DGIST‑ETH Microrobotics Research Center DGISTDaegu 42988Republic of Korea Multi‑Scale Robotics Lab Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Optoelectronics State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and TechnologyShanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and PerceptionFudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China

Synthetic micromotor has gained substantial attention in biomedicine and environmental remediation.Metal-based degradable micromotor composed of magnesium(Mg),zinc(Zn),and iron(Fe)have promise due to their nontoxic fuel-free propulsion,favorable biocompatibility,and safe excretion of degradation products Recent advances in degradable metallic micromotor have shown their fast movement in complex biological media,efficient cargo delivery and favorable biocompatibility.A noteworthy number of degradable metal-based micromotors employ bubble propulsion,utilizing water as fuel to generate hydrogen bubbles.This novel feature has projected degradable metallic micromotors for active in vivo drug delivery applications.In addition,understanding the degradation mechanism of these micromotors is also a key parameter for their design and performance.Its propulsion efficiency and life span govern the overall performance of a degradable metallic micromotor.Here we review the design and recent advancements of metallic degradable micromotors.Furthermore,we describe the controlled degradation,efficient in vivo drug delivery,and built-in acid neutralization capabilities of degradable micromotors with versatile biomedical applications.Moreover,we discuss micromotors’efficacy in detecting and destroying environmental pollutants.Finally,we address the limitations and future research directions of degradable metallic micromotors.

关键词： Magnesium Zinc Iron Biodegradable microrobot Biomedical Environmental

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Growth differentiation factor-15 serum concentrations reflect disease severity and anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第13期30卷 1899-1910页

作者： Ante Tonkic Marko Kumric Ivna Akrapovic Olic Doris Rusic Piero marin Zivkovic Daniela Supe Domic Zeljko Sundov Ivan Males Josko Bozic Biology of Neoplasms University of Split School of MedicineSplit 21000Croatia Department of Pathophysiology University of Split School of MedicineSplit 21000Croatia Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital of SplitSplit 21000Croatia Department of Pharmacy University of Split School of MedicineSplit 21000Croatia Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics University Hospital of SplitSplit 21000Croatia Department of Health Studies University of SplitSplit 21000Croatia Department of Internal Medicine University of Split School of MedicineSplit 21000Croatia Department of Surgery University Hospital of SplitSplit 21000Croatia

BACKGROUND Population of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is burdened by various extraintestinal manifestations which substantially contribute to greater morbidity and mortality.Growth-differentiation factor-15(GDF-15)is often overexpressed under stress conditions,such as inflammation,malignancies,heart failure,myocardial ischemia,and many others.AIM To explore the association between GDF-15 and IBD as serum concentrations of GDF-15 were shown to be an independent predictor of poor outcomes in multiple diseases.An additional aim was to determine possible associations between GDF-15 and multiple clinical,anthropometric and laboratory parameters in patients with IBD.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 90 adult patients diagnosed with IBD,encompassing both Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),and 67 healthy age-and sex-matched controls.All patients underwent an extensive workup,including colonoscopy with subsequent histopathological analysis.Disease activity was assessed by two independent gastroenterology consultants specialized in IBD,employing well-established clinical and endoscopic scoring systems.GDF-15 serum concentrations were determined following an overnight fasting,using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.RESULTS In patients with IBD,serum GDF-15 concentrations were significantly higher in comparison to the healthy controls[800(512-1154)pg/mL vs 412(407-424)pg/mL,P<0.001],whereas no difference in GDF-15 was found between patients with CD and UC[807(554-1451)pg/mL vs 790(509-956)pg/mL,P=0.324].Moreover,multiple linear regression analysis showed that GDF-15 levels predict CD and UC severity independent of age,sex,and C-reactive protein levels(P=0.016 and P=0.049,respectively).Finally,an association between GDF-15 and indices of anemia was established.Specifically,negative correlations were found between GDF-15 and serum iron levels(r=-0.248,P=0.021),as well as GDF-15 and hemoglobin(r=-0.351,P=0.021).Accordingly,in comparison to IBD patients with normal hemoglobin levels,GDF-15

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Growth-differentiation factor-15 Anemia Extraintestinal manifestations

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Exciton-polaritons in a 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity with the presence of optical Stark effect

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 551-555页

作者： Kenneth Coker 郑楚媛 Joseph roger Arhin Kwame Opuni-Boachie Obour Agyekum 张伟利 School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ho Technical UniversityHo 00233Ghana Telecommunication Engineering Department Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 00233Ghana

This study investigates the properties of exciton-polaritons in a two-dimensional(2D)hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity in the presence of optical Stark effect.Through both steady and dynamic state analyses,strong coupling between excitons of perovskite and cavity photons is revealed,indicating the formation of polaritons in the perovskite microcavity.Besides,it is found that an external optical Stark pulse can induce energy shifts of excitons proportional to the pulse intensity,which modifies the dispersion characteristics of the polaritons.

关键词： exciton-polaritons perovskite microcavity optical Stark effect

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A framework for dynamic modelling of railway track switches considering the switch blades,actuators and control systems

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第2期32卷 162-176页

作者： Saikat Dutta Tim Harrison Christopher Ward roger Dixon Phil Winship Institute of Thermofluids School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsWest YorkshireUK Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education School of EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Network Rail Milton KeynesBuckinghamshireUK

The main contribution of this paper is the development and demonstration of a novel methodology that can be followed to develop a simulation twin of a railway track switch system to test the functionality in a digital environment.This is important because,globally,railway track switches are used to allow trains to change routes;they are a key part of all railway networks.However,because track switches are single points of failure and safety-critical,their inability to operate correctly can cause significant delays and concomitant costs.In order to better understand the dynamic behaviour of switches during operation,this paper has developed a full simulation twin of a complete track switch system.The approach fuses finite element for the rail bending and motion,with physics-based models of the electromechanical actuator system and the control system.Hence,it provides researchers and engineers the opportunity to explore and understand the design space around the dynamic operation of new switches and switch machines before they are built.This is useful for looking at the modification or monitoring of existing switches,and it becomes even more important when new switch concepts are being considered and evaluated.The simulation is capable of running in real time or faster meaning designs can be iterated and checked interactively.The paper describes the modelling approach,demonstrates the methodology by developing the system model for a novel“REPOINT”switch system,and evaluates the system level performance against the dynamic performance requirements for the switch.In the context of that case study,it is found that the proposed new actuation system as designed can meet(and exceed)the system performance requirements,and that the fault tolerance built into the actuation ensures continued operation after a single actuator failure.

关键词： Railway track switch Mathematical modelling Redundant actuation Finite element analysis

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Recent advances on decomplexation mechanisms of heavy metal complexes in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 146-154页

作者： Shili Wang Mamitiana roger Razanajatovo Xuedong Du Shunli Wan Xin He Qiuming Peng Qingrui Zhang State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource ReuseYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safetye Key Laboratory Hebei University of Environmental EngineeringQinhuangdao 066102China College of Life&Environment Sciences Huangshan UniversityHuangshan 245041China

In some industrial wastewater,heavy metals combine with organic complexing agents to form heavy metal complexes(HMCs).These HMCs can be difficult to decompose and remove through conventional techniques due to their higher stability than free heavy metal ions.In recent years,persulfate based advanced oxidation processes(PS-based AOPs)have been recognized as a viable technique for HMCs degradation.Nevertheless,a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the relevant HMCs decomplexation mechanisms in PS-based AOPs is still lacking.This review delineates the current progress of HMCs decomplexation in PS-based AOPs.We discuss the distinctions between the two widely used oxidant types in PS-based AOPs techniques.Moreover,we summarize and highlight the decomplexation mechanisms based on electron and energy transfer,and degradation pathways of HMCs.We also emphasize the effects of environmental water constituents,namely p H,inorganic ions,and natural organic matter(NOM),on HMCs decomplexation.Ultimately,we identify the existing challenges and perspectives that will steer the direction of advancing PS-based AOPs to remove HMCs.

关键词： Heavy metal complexes Persulfate Advanced oxidation processes Decomplexation mechanisms Electron and energy transfer

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