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Outperforming piezoelectric ultrasonics with highreliability single-membrane CMUT array elements

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第3期8卷 61-75页

作者： Eric B.Dew Afshin Kashani llkhechi Mohammad Maadi Nathaniel j.M.Haven roger j.zemp Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering niversty of AlbertaEdmontonCanada

It has long been hypothesized that capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers(CMUTs)could potentially outperform piezoelectric ***,challenges with dielectric charging,operational hysteresis,and transmit sensitivity have stood as obstacles to these performance *** this paper,we introduce key architectural features to enable high-reliability CMUTs with enhanced ***,a CMUT element in an array is designed with an ensemble of smaller membranes oscillating together to transmit or detect ultrasound ***,this approach can lead to unreliable behavior and suboptimal transmit performance if these smaller membranes osilate out of phase or collapse at different *** this work,we designed CMUT array elements composed of a single long rectangular membrane,with the aim of improving the output pressure and electromechanical *** compare the performance of three different modifications of this architecture:traditional contiguous dielectric,isolated isolation post(P),and insulated electrode-post(EP)*** were designed to improve performance while also imparting robustness to charging and minimization of *** fabricate these devices,a wafer-bonding process was developed with near-100%bonding *** CMUT elements achieved electromechanical effciency values as high as 0.95,higher than values reported with either piezoelectric transducers or previous CMUT ***,all investigated CMUT architectures exhibited transmit effciency 2-3 times greater than published CMUT or piezoelectric transducer elements in the 1.5-2.0 MHz *** EP and lip CMUTs demonstrated considerable charging robustness,demonstrating minimal charging over 500,000 collapse-snap-back actuation cycles while also mitigating *** proposed approach offers significant promise for future ultrasonic applications.

关键词： piezoelectric elements bonding

SIMULTANEOUS IMAGING OF A lacZ-MARKED TUMOR AND MICROVASCULATURE MORPHOLOGY IN VIVO BY DUAL-WAVELENGTH PHOTOACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY

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journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2008年第2期1卷 207-215页

作者： LI LI HAO F.ZHANG roger j.zemp KONSTANTIN MASLOV LIHONG V.WANG Optical Imaging Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St.Louis St.LouisMissouri 63130USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonAlberta T6G2V4Canada

Photoacoustic molecular imaging,combined with the reporter-gene technique,can provide a valuable tool for cancer *** expression of the lacZ reporter gene can be imaged using photoacoustic imaging following the injection of X-gal,a colorimetric assay for the lacZ-encoded enzymeβ-***-wavelength photoacoustic microscopy was used to non-invasively image the detailed morphology of a lacZ-marked 9L gliosarcoma and its surrounding microvasculature simultaneously in vivo,with a superior resolution on the order of 10μ***-feeding vessels were found,and the expression level of lacZ in tumor was *** future development of new absorption-enhancing reporter-gene systems,we anticipate this strategy can lead to a better understanding of the role of tumor metabolism in cancer initiation,progression,and metastasis,and in its response to therapy.

关键词： Photoacoustic molecular imaging gene expression reporter gene

Prediction of Kappa Number in Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Continuous Digester Using the Box &jenkins Methodology

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2014年第4期4卷 539-547页

作者： Flávio M. Correia josé V. Hallak d’Angelo roger j. zemp Sueli A. Mingoti Chemical Engineering Faculty UNICAMP—University of Campinas Campinas Brazil Department of Statistic UFMG—Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

The quality of the resulting pulping continuous digesters is monitored by measuring the Kappa number, which is a reference of residual lignin. The control of the kappa number is carried out mainly in the top of the digester, therefore it is important to get some indication of this analysis beforehand. In this context, the aim of this work was to obtain a prediction model of the kappa number in advance to the laboratory results. This paper proposes a new approach using the Box & jenkins methodology to develop a dynamic model for predicting the kappa number from a Kamyr continuous digester from an eucalyptus Kraft pulp mill in Brazil. With a database of 1500 observations over a period of 30 days of operation, some ARMA models were studied, leading to the choice of ARMA (1, 2) as the best forecasting model. After fitting the model, we performed validation with a new set of data from 30 days of operation, achieving a model of 2.7% mean absolute percent error.

关键词： Continuous Digester Kappa Number Prediction Time Series Box & jenkins

Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher j.O’Connell Matthew j.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA james L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

Apical Root Resorption in Maxillary Incisors When Employing Micro-implant and j-hook Headgear Anchorage: A 4-month Radiographic Study

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journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2012年第5期32卷 767-773页

作者：王晴竹陈文静 roger j Smales 彭辉胡小坤尹璐 Institute of Stomatology Nanjing Medical University Department of Orthodontics Affiliated Hospital of StomatologyNanjing Medical University School of Dentistry the University of Adelaide Hospital of Nanjing Army Command College

This study evaluated,over a 4-month study period,the amount of apical root resorption occurring in maxillary central incisors following their retraction when employing either micro-implant or j-hook headgear *** prospective randomised clinical trial was conducted in Orthodontic Clinic,College of Stomatology,China from *** are patients requiring fixed appliances on waiting list (n=20).In female Han Chinese patients aged from 16-26 years,standardized periapical radiographs from 10 randomly assigned patients with maxillary protrusions comprising the micro-implant group,and from 10 similar patients comprising the j-hook headgear group,were assessed for maxillary central incisor apical root *** before and after orthodontic therapy were also obtained from lateral cephalometric radiographs to calculate incisor horizontal retraction and vertical intrusion *** retraction force vectors were calculated in horizontal and vertical directions for both treatment *** analysis employed t-tests and the Pearson correlation test,with α=0.05 for statistical *** results showed that when compared with the j-hook group,significantly more apical root resorption shortening of the maxillary central incisors was observed in the micro-implant group (1.27 mm difference,95% CI=0.70-1.84,Pj-hook retraction was *** employment of continuous duration orthodontic forces presents a risk for increased apical root resorption that requires careful radiographic monitoring.

关键词： root resorption incisor retraction micro-implant j-hook

Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon j.Brown Rafael j.Yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

Nanoparticles for targeted cancer radiotherapy

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Nano Research 2020年第11期13卷 2887-2897页

作者： roger M.Pallares Rebecca j.Abergel Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Nuclear Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA

Radiotherapy,where ionizing radiation is locally delivered either through an external beam or by surgically implanting radionuclide-based seeds in the tumor,is one of the gold standard treatments for *** to the non-selective nature of radiation,healthy tissue surrounding the cancerous region is usually affected by the ***,new strategies,including targeted alpha therapy,are being studied to improve the selectivity of the treatment and minimize side *** challenges,however,limit the current development of targeted radiotherapy,such as the functionalization of the therapeutic agent with targeting vectors and controlling the release of recoiling *** offer unique opportunities as drug delivery vehicles,since they are biocompatible,enhance the cellular uptake of drugs,and are easily functionalized with targeting *** this review,we examine how nanoparticles can be used for targeted radiotherapy,either as sensitizers of external beams or as delivery vehicles for therapeutic *** describe the clinical relevance of different types of nanoparticles,followed by an analysis of how these nanoconstructs can solve some of the main limitations of conventional ***,we critically discuss the current situation of nanoparticle-based radiotherapy in clinical settings and challenges that need to be overcome in the future for further development of the field.

关键词： radiotherapy targeted cancer radiotherapy nanoparticles cancer targeted alpha therapy external beam

Women in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia S.Rex David j.Calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New York Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,we focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National Science Foundation(NSF),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the major professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael j.Lee Ryota L.Matsuoka Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:The brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent blood vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply blood to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two major endothelial cell(EC)types:those that form the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).The structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular ECs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network