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Use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第7期19卷 1040-1048页

作者： Pascal frei Luc Biedermann Ole Haagen Nielsen Gerhard Rogler Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Hospital of ZürichCH-8091 ZürichSwitzerland Department of Gastroenterology Medical SectionHerlev HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenDK-2730 HerlevDenmark

The use of thiopurines as immunosuppression for the treatment of refractory or chronic active inflammatory bowel disease is established for both Crohn's disease and ulcerative ***,many questions remain concerning the optimal treatment regimens of azathioprine,6-mercaptopurine and *** will briefly summarize dose recommendations,indications for thiopurine therapy and side effects which are relevant in clinical *** discuss some currently debated topics,including the combination of azathioprine and allopurinol,switching of thiopurine therapy in case of side effects,the use of azathioprine in pregnancy,the infection risk using thiopurines and the evidence when to stop *** reviews have been published on the thiopurine metabolic pathway which will not be discussed here in detail.

关键词： Thiopurines Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Immunosuppression Infection

RESISTANCE OF COMMON BEANS TO THRIPS PALMI KARNY

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RESISTANCE OF COMMON BEANS TO THRIPS PALMI KARNY

The ⅩⅤth International Plant Protection Congress

作者： A.frei C.CARDONA S.DORN Institute of Plant Sciences Applied Entomology Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich 8092 Switzerland Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical CIAT AA 6713 Cali Colombia

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自动化设备的安全问题

现代制造 2019年第30期 46-48页

作者： Markus frei 不详

对机械工程师来讲,安全问题是自动化中最复杂的问题。Stober驱动技术公司与Pilz公司合作开发了基于驱动安全技术的SE6安全模块。凭借这一多功能的驱动调节器,Stober公司为市场提供了主要用于驱动器应用的、最大额定输出电流为85A的单轴... 详细信息

对机械工程师来讲,安全问题是自动化中最复杂的问题。Stober驱动技术公司与Pilz公司合作开发了基于驱动安全技术的SE6安全模块。凭借这一多功能的驱动调节器,Stober公司为市场提供了主要用于驱动器应用的、最大额定输出电流为85A的单轴控制器。例如电子变速箱中最多32轴的同步操作或者没有叠加运动控制器的飞锯驱动控制。它可以控制、调节线性的和旋转的伺服同步电动机以及异步电动机。通过其模块化的接口方案和品种繁多的附件,使它能够准确的实现各种配置。

关键词：安全模块额定输出电流机械工程师运动控制器同步操作接口方案同步电动机驱动控制

New Strigolactone Analogs as Plant Hormones with Low Activities in the Rhizosphere

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Molecular Plant 2014年第4期7卷 675-690页

作者： Francois-Didier Boyer Alexandre de Saint Germain Jean-Bernard Pouvreau Guillaume Clave Jean-Paul Pillot Amelie Roux Amanda Rasmussen Stephen Depuydt Dominique Lauresserguesh Nicolas frei dit Frey Thomas S.A. Heugebaert Christian V. Stevens Danny Geelen Sofie Goormachtig Catherine Rameau Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech Route de Saint-Cyr (RD 10) F-78026 Versailles Cedex France Centre de Recherche de Gif Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UPR2301 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 1 avenue de la Terrasse F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pathologie Vegetales EA 1157 SFR 4207 QUASAV Universite de Nantes 44322 Nantes France Plant Production Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure links 653 Ghent 9000 Belgium Present address: School of Biosciences Division of Plant and Crop Production The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK Department of Plant Systems Biology VIB Ghent 9052 Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent 9052 Belgium Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales UMR 5546 Universite de Toulouse- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) BP 42617 Auzeville F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan France Research Group SynBioC Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure links 653 B-9000 Gent Belgium

Strigolactones （SLs） are known not only as plant hormones, but also as rhizosphere signals for establishing symbiotic and parasitic interactions. The design of new specific SL analogs is a challenging goal in understanding the basic plant biology and is also useful to control plant architectures without favoring the development of parasitic plants. Two different molecules （23 （3＇-methyI-GR24）, 31 （thia-3＇-methyl-debranone-like molecule）） already described, and a new one （AR36）, for which the synthesis is presented, are biologically compared with the well-known GR24 and the recently identified CISA-1. These different structures emphasize the wide range of parts attached to the D-ring for the bioactivity as a plant hormone. These new compounds possess a common dimethylbutenolide motif but their structure varies in the ABC part of the molecules： 23 has the same ABC part as GR24, while 31 and AR36 carry, respectively, an aromatic ring and an acyclic carbon chain. Detailed information is given for the bioactivity of such derivatives in strigolactone synthesis or in perception mutant plants （pea rmsl and rms4, Arabidopsis max2 and, max4） for different hormonal functions along with their action in the rhizosphere on arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal growth and parasitic weed germination.

关键词： strigolactones synthetic analogs Pisum sativum Arabidopsis root parasitic plants Gigaspora rosea plant growth regulator.

Auxin Binding Protein 1 Reinforces Resistance to Sugarcane Mosaic Virus in Maize

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Molecular Plant 2017年第10期10卷 1357-1360页

作者： Pengfei Leng Qing Ji Torben Asp Ursula K. frei Christina R. Ingvardsen Yongzhong Xing Bruno Studer Margaret Redinbaugh Mark Jones Priyanka Gajjar Sisi Liu Fei Li Guangtang Pan Mingliang Xu Thomas Lǖbberstedt National Maize Improvement Center China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus University Forsegsvej 14200 Slagelse Denmark National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China Institute of Agricultural Sciences Molecular Plant Breeding ETH Zurich Universitaetstrasse 2 8092 Zurich Switzerland USDA Agricultural Research Service Corn Soybean and Wheat Quality Research Unit and Department of Plant Pathology Ohio State University Wooster OH 44691 USA Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 China School of Life Sciences Guizhou Normal University Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Developmental Regulation Guiyang 550000 China

Dear Editor,Sugarcane mosaic virus （SCMV） causes severe viral diseases in maize worldwide （Fuchs and Gruntzig, 1995）, resulting in significant losses in grain and forage yield in susceptible cultivars of maize and related crops. The most promising solution is to cultivate resistant varieties, which contribute to sustainable crop production. Two epistatically interacting major SCMV resistance loci （Scmvl and Scmv2） are required to confer complete resistance against SCMV in the resistant nearisogenic line F7RPJRR （the letters left of the slash refer to the genotype at Scmv2 on chromosome 3 and those on the right refer to the genotype at Scmvl on chromosome 6, with R indicating a resistance allele and S a susceptibility allele）（Xing et al., 2006）.

关键词： Auxin Binding Protein 1 Reinforces Resistance Sugarcane Mosaic Virus Maize

ITPK1 is an InsP_(6)/ADP phosphotransferase that controls phosphate signaling in Arabidopsis.

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Molecular Plant 2021年第11期14卷 1864-1880页

作者： Esther Riemer Danye Qiu Debabrata Laha Robert K.Harmel Philipp Gaugler Verena Gaugler Michael frei Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei Nargis Parvin Laha Lukas Krusenbaum Robin Schneider Adolfo Saiardi Dorothea Fiedler Henning J.Jessen Gabriel Schaaf Ricardo F.H.Giehl Department of Plant Nutrition Institute of Crop Science and Resource ConservationRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn53115 BonnGermany Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg79104 FreiburgGermany Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology(MRC-LMCB) University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Department of Biochemistry Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluruKarnataka 560012India Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut fur Molekulare Pharmakologie 13125 BerlinGermany Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin12489 BerlinGermany Institute of Agronomy and Crop Physiology Justus-Liebig University Giessen35392 GiessenGermany Department of Physiology&Cell Biology Leibniz-lnstitute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research06466 GaterslebenGermany

In plants, phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is regulated by the interaction of PHR transcription factors with stand-alone SPX proteins, which act as sensors for inositol pyrophosphates. Here, we combined different methods to obtain a comprehensive picture of how inositol (pyro)phosphate metabolism is regulated by Pi and dependent on the inositol phosphate kinase ITPK1. We found that inositol pyrophosphates are more responsive to Pi than lower inositol phosphates, a response conserved across kingdoms. With CE-ESI-MS we could separate different InsP7 isomers in Arabidopsis and rice, and identify 4/6-InsP7 and a PP-InsP4 isomer hitherto not reported in plants. We found that the inositol pyrophosphates 1/3-InsP7, 5-InsP7 and InsP8 increase severalfold in shoots after Pi resupply and that tissue-specific accumulation of inositol pyrophosphates relies on ITPK1 activities and MRP5-dependent InsP6 compartmentalization. Notably, ITPK1 is critical for Pi-dependent 5-InsP7 and InsP8 synthesis in planta and its activity regulates Pi starvation responses in a PHR-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ITPK1-mediated conversion of InsP6 to 5-InsP7 requires high ATP concentrations and that Arabidopsis ITPK1 has an ADP phosphotransferase activity to dephosphorylate specifically 5-InsP7 under low ATP. Collectively, our study provides deeper insights into Pi-dependent changes in nutritional and energetic states with the synthesis of regulatory inositol pyrophosphates.

关键词： diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase 1 inositol phosphates inositol pyrophosphates phosphate homeostasis phosphate signaling

书评——MONOSYLLABISME ET POLYSYLLABISME DANS LES EMPRUNTS LINGUISTIQUES,AVEC UN INVENTAIRE DES PHONEMES DE PEKIN ET DE TOKIO.

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清华大学学报(自然科学版) 1937年第2期 403-417页

作者： Par Henri frei ,王力

利用等位同工酶作遗传标记预测玉米单交种的产量表现

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国外农学（杂粮作物） 1987年第6期 4-8页

作者： O.M.frei 蔡娜

玉米育种家们面临着识别种质资源的不断挑战,以期提供在单交组合中有优异杂种优势的众多自交系。为增加玉米的杂种优势潜力,业已发现包括染色体组型在内的形态多样性及非亲缘度(Richey,1922;East,1936;Wu,1939;Moll等,1965、1972)。Hun... 详细信息

玉米育种家们面临着识别种质资源的不断挑战,以期提供在单交组合中有优异杂种优势的众多自交系。为增加玉米的杂种优势潜力,业已发现包括染色体组型在内的形态多样性及非亲缘度(Richey,1922;East,1936;Wu,1939;Moll等,1965、1972)。Hunter等(1971)用同工酶位点研究了玉米自交系同工酶异化性与杂交种表现之间的关系。他们的双列杂交试验揭示出,产量的一般配合力与杂合同工酶位点的数目有关。特殊配合力似乎与同工酶带型无关。Heidrich-

关键词：自交系系谱同工酶品系(育种) 单交种

崎岖地区浅层反射剖面勘探现场静校正方法的改进

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国外煤田地质 1996年第2期 30-35页

作者： frei.,W 唐文敏