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The Cytoskeleton and Intercellular Communication

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The Cytoskeleton and Intercellular Communication

The association of diet quality and physical activity with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 85,545 older Australians:A longitudinal study

The Second International Symposium on Plant Neurobiology

作者： Christine Faulkner Leila Blackman David Collings robyn overall School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney NSWAustralia Present address:Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesUniversity of EdinburghScotland Plant Cell Biology Group Research School of Biological Sciences Australian National UniversityACTAustralia Plant Cell Biology Group Research School of Biological Sciences Australian National UniversityACTAustralia School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney NSWAustralia

＜正＞As conduits for electrical signals, developmental messages, water and metabolites between cells, plasmodesmata are central in the function and development of plants as well as the integration of their responses to environmental signals. In plant cells, the cytoskeleton has a myriad of functions from orchestrating cytokinesis and directing cellulose deposition through to driving cytoplasmic streaming and vesicle and organelle motility. The identification of the cytoskeletal components actin (White

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 841-850页

作者： Ding Ding Joe Van Buskirk Stephanie Partridge Philip Clare Edward Giovannucci Adrian Bauman Nicole Freene robyn Gallagher Binh Nguyen Sydney School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Healththe University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Charles Perkins Centre the University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Sydney Local Health District CamperdownNSW 2050Australia School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Healththe University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre UNSW SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Health University of CanberraCanberraACT 2617Australia Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery the University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2050Australia

Background:A quality diet and an active lifestyle are both important cornerstones of cardiovascular disease(CVD)***,despite their interlinked effects on metabolic health,the 2 behaviors are rarely considered jointly,particularly within the context of CVD *** examined the independent,interactive,and joint associations of diet and physical activity with CVD hospitalization,CVD mortality,and all-cause ***:CVD-free Australian participants aged 4574 years(n=85,545)reported physical activity,diet,sociodemographic,and lifestyle characteristics at baseline(20062009)and follow-up(20122015),and data were linked to hospitalization and death registries(03/31/2019 for CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality and 12/08/2017 for CVD mortality).Diet quality was categorized as low,medium,and high based on meeting dietary *** activity was operationalized as(a)total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)as per guidelines,and(b)the composition of MVPA as the ratio of vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)to total *** used a left-truncated cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model using time-varying ***:During a median of 10.7 years of follow-up,6576 participants were admitted to the hospital for CVD and 6581 died from all causes(876 from CVD during 9.3 years).A high-quality diet was associated with a 17%lower risk of all-cause mortality than a low-quality diet,and the highest MVPA category(compared with the lowest)was associated with a 44%and 48%lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality,*** interactions between diet and physical activity were *** all outcomes,the lowest risk combinations involved a high-quality diet and the highest MVPA *** for total MVPA,some VPA was associated with further risk reduction of CVD hospitalization and all-cause ***:For CVD prevention and longevity,one should adhere to both a healthy d

关键词： Diet Physical activity Cardiovascular disease Mortality Cohort studies

The Value of Excipients and the Required Understanding of the Biological System in Product Development: An Impactful Example of Curaderm, a Topical Skin Cancer Treatment

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 68-87页

作者： Tania robyn Chase Kai Elliot Cham Bill Elliot Cham Australasian Medical Research Port Vila Republic of Vanuatu

The incidences of nonmelanoma skin cancer are increasing worldwide, and the ongoing war on its treatment necessitates the development of effective and non-invasive methods. Through basic and clinical research, non-invasive treatments like Curaderm have been developed, leading to improved quality of life for patients. Excipients, previously considered inactive ingredients, play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of topical formulations. The development of Curaderm emphasizes the importance of understanding the interactions between active ingredients, excipients, and the biological system to create effective and affordable pharmaceutical formulations. The systematic approach taken in the development of Curaderm, starting from the observation of the anticancer activity of natural solasodine glycosides and progressing through toxicological and efficacy studies in cell culture, animals, and humans, has provided insights into the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of solasodine glycosides. It is crucial to determine these pharmacological parameters within the skin’s biological system for maximal effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a skin cancer treatment. Curaderm, as a topical treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer, offers benefits beyond those obtained from other topical treatments, providing hope for improved quality of life for patients.

关键词： Curaderm BEC Solasodine Glycosides Solamargine Apoptosis Skin Cancer Actinic Keratosis Keratoacanthoma Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Unique Clinical Features of Curaderm when Treating Skin Cancers

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2024年第1期15卷 13-27页

作者： Tania robyn Chase Kai Elliot Cham Bill Elliot Cham Australasian Medical Research Port Vila Republic of Vanuatu

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer and the most frequently occurring form of all cancers. Conventional treatments to remove or destroy basal cell carcinoma are indiscriminate and also remove or destroy normal skin cells resulting in compromised cosmetic outcomes. Consequences of these treatments include body-image issues, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and poorer quality of social and family life. A progressive topical cream formulation, Curaderm, containing the natural BEC glycoalkaloids, have shown to have advantages over conventional treatments. However, comprehensive clinical features of the skin cancer lesions during treatment with Curaderm have to date not been reported. This report shows that using unpublished data from a large number of patients with varying sizes, types and locations of basal cell carcinomas when treated with Curaderm in a phase 3 trial, an initial increase in size of the lesions occur, followed by a reverse course, leading to complete removal of the skin cancer. The specificity and mode of action of Curaderm explains the superior cosmetic outcomes when compared with conventional therapies.

关键词： Curaderm Skin Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma BEC Glycoalkaloids Conventional Treatments

Exercise training improves long-term memory in obese mice

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Life Metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Oliver K.Fuller Casey L.Egan Tina L.Robinson Nimna Perera Heidy K.Latchman Lauren V.Terry Emma D.McLennan Carolina Chavez Emma L.Burrows John W.Scott robyn M.Murphy Henriette van Praag Martin Whitham Mark A.Febbraio Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3052Australia La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3052Australia Department of Biomedical Sciences Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicineand Stiles-Nicholson Brain InstituteFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiterFL 33458United States College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Obesity has been linked to a range of pathologies,including *** contrast,regular physical activity is associated with the prevention or reduced progression of ***,physical activity can improve memory and spatial cognition,reduce age-related cognitive decline,and preserve brain volume,but the mechanisms are not fully ***,we investigated whether any detrimental effects of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on cognition,motor behavior,adult hippocampal neurogenesis,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)could be mitigated by voluntary exercise training in male C57Bl/6 ***-induced impairment of motor function was not reversed by ***,voluntary wheel running improved long-term memory and increased hippocampal neurogenesis,suggesting that regular physical activity may prevent cognitive decline in obesity.

关键词： obesity exercise cognition

Smoke Alarms for Informal Settlements: Monitoring and Challenges from a Large‑Scale Community Rollout in Cape Town, South Africa

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第6期13卷 936-947页

作者： robyn Pharoah Patricia Zweig Richard Walls Rodney Eksteen Research Alliance for Disaster and Risk Reduction(RADAR) Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7602South Africa Fire Engineering Research Unit(FireSUN) Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7602South Africa College of Engineering Architecture and TechnologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA

This article presents the findings of a pilot project to test the large-scale rollout of smoke alarms in an informal community in Cape Town, South Africa. The work provides novel insight into the effectiveness and challenges associated with using smoke detectors in low-income communities. Technical details and detector considerations are also provided that will assist in enhancing future *** project installed 1200 smoke detection devices in TRA informal settlement in the suburb of Wallacedene, in the City of Cape Town, and monitored their effectiveness for a period of 12 months. The monitoring showed that there were 11 real activations, where the presence of the devices likely saved lives and homes. The project also identified a series of challenges, especially in relation to nuisance alarms,where everyday household emissions, dust, and insect ingress caused false alarms, leading some participants to uninstall devices. The findings of the pilot study suggest that although smoke detectors could provide a valuable tool for reducing the frequency and impact of informal settlement fires in South Africa and elsewhere, they need to be adapted to meet the specific needs and conditions encountered in informal dwellings. Modifications, such as adjusting device sensitivity,preventing dust and insect ingress and tailoring devices to everyday conditions, will be essential to make smoke alarms more suitable and effective in the future. Smoke alarms could become an important component of low-income community fire safety if such challenges can be addressed.

关键词： Fire safety Informal dwellings Smoke alarms South Africa

Genomic structural variation in tomato and its role in plant immunity

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Molecular Horticulture 2022年第1期2卷 91-100页

作者： Emma Jobson robyn Roberts Montana State University Extension Montana State UniversityBozemanMT 59717United States Agricultural Biology Department College of Agricultural SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA

It is well known that large genomic variations can greatly impact the phenotype of an *** Variants(SVs)encompass any genomic variation larger than 30 base pairs,and include changes caused by deletions,inversions,duplications,transversions,and other genome *** to their size and complex nature,until recently,it has been difficult to truly capture these *** advances in sequencing technology and computational analyses now permit more extensive studies of SVs in plant *** tomato,advances in sequencing technology have allowed researchers to sequence hundreds of genomes from tomatoes,and tomato *** studies have identified SVs related to fruit size and flavor,as well as plant disease response,resistance/susceptibility,and the ability of plants to detect pathogens(immunity).In this review,we discuss the implications for genomic structural variation in plants with a focus on its role in tomato *** also discuss how advances in sequencing technology have led to new discoveries of SVs in more complex genomes,the current evidence for the role of SVs in biotic and abiotic stress responses,and the outlook for genetic modification of SVs to advance plant breeding objectives.

关键词： Immunity Structural variation Tomato Genetic engineering Disease Sequencing

Built-in Risk:Linking Housing Concerns and Flood Risk in Subsidized Housing Settlements in Cape Town, South Africa

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第4期5卷 313-322页

作者： robyn Pharoah Research Alliance for Disaster and Risk Reduction(RADAR) Stellenbosch UniversityMatieland 7602South Africa

As in many other settings in developing countries, discussions on urban flooding in South Africa tend to focus on informal settlements. There is less attention to poor but formal housing areas, based on the largely untested assumption that the formalization of housing addresses risk. This is at odds with an extensive literature from the housing and developmental sectors that highlights weaknesses in the location and construction of low-income housing, particularly state-subsidized housing. Drawing on research in 10 poor, flood-prone settlements in Cape Town,South Africa, this article explores whether providing housing addresses risk. The results show that flooding remains a challenge in subsidized housing areas and that risk is linked strongly to the buildings themselves. Poorly designed and constructed dwellings perpetuate risk in lowincome areas. While divorced conceptually and practically,disaster risk and housing issues are critically linked, and housing concerns must be factored into discussions on flooding in Cape Town and comparable settings elsewhere.

关键词： Cape Town Flood risk Subsidized housing Urban housing

The glutamate metabotropic receptor 5(GRM5)gene is associated with beef cattle home range and movement tortuosity

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第1期14卷 72-87页

作者： Cristian A.Moreno Garcia Huitong Zhou David Altimira robyn Dynes Pablo Gregorini Sadeepa Jayathunga Thomas M.R.Maxwell Jonathan Hickford Department of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Life SciencesLincoln UniversityPO Box 85084Lincoln 7647New Zealand. Exertion Games Lab 8 Scenic BoulevardClaytonVictoria 3800Australia. AgResearch Limited Lincoln Research CentreCnr Springs Road and Gerald StreetLincoln 7674New Zealand. Scion Tītokorangi Drive(formerly Long Mile Rd)Rotorua 3010New Zealand.

Background:The grazing behaviour of herbivores and their grazing personalities might in part be determined genetically,but there are few studies in beef cattle illustrating *** this study,we investigated for first time the genetic variation within a candidate‘grazing gene',the glutamate metabotropic receptor 5 gene(GRM5),and tested associations between variation in that gene and variation in grazing personality behaviours(GP-behaviours)displayed by free-ranging cows during winter grazing in the steep and rugged rangelands of New *** beef cows(n=303,from 3 to 10 years of age)were tracked with global positioning system(GPS)and,with 5-minutes(min)relocation frequency,various GP-behaviours were *** included horizontal and vertical distances travelled,mean elevation,elevation range,elevation gain,slope,home range and movement tortuosity,variously calculated using daily relocation trajectories with repeated measurements(i.e.,7 to 24 days(d))and satellite-derived digital elevation models(DEM).The different GP-behaviours were fitted into mixed models to ascertain their associations with variant sequences and genotypes of ***:We discovered three GRM5 variants(A,B and C)and identified the six possible genotypes in the cattle *** mixed models revealed that A was significantly associated with elevation range,home range and movement ***,GRM5 genotypes were associated(P<0.05)to home range and movement tortuosity,while trends suggesting association(P<0.1)were also revealed for elevation range and horizontal distance *** GP-behaviour models were improved by correcting for cow age-class as a fixed *** analysis of GP-behaviours averaged per cow age-class suggests that grazing personality is fully established as beef cows reached 4 years of *** range and movement tortuosity were not only associated with GRM5 variation,but also negatively correlated with each other(r=-0.27,P<0.001).Conclusions:There se

关键词： Animal personality Breeding programmes Genetic associations Grazing distribution Grazing patterns Steep and rugged terrain